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Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics Regina Y. Liu Joseph W. McKean Editors Robust Rank- Based and Nonparametric Methods Michigan, USA, April 2015 Selected, Revised, and Extended Contributions Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics Volume 168 Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/10533 Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics Thisbookseriesfeaturesvolumescomposedofselectcontributionsfromworkshops and conferences in all areas of current research in mathematics and statistics, includingORandoptimization.Inadditiontoanoverallevaluationoftheinterest, scientific quality, and timeliness of each proposal at the hands of the publisher, individual contributions are all refereed to the high quality standards of leading journals in the field. Thus, this series provides the research community with well-edited, authoritative reports on developments in the most exciting areas of mathematicalandstatisticalresearchtoday. Regina Y. Liu • Joseph W. McKean Editors Robust Rank-Based and Nonparametric Methods Michigan, USA, April 2015 Selected, Revised, and Extended Contributions 123 Editors ReginaY.Liu JosephW.McKean DepartmentofStatistics DepartmentofStatistics RutgersUniversity WesternMichiganUniversity NewBrunswick,NJ,USA Kalamazoo,MI,USA ISSN2194-1009 ISSN2194-1017 (electronic) SpringerProceedingsinMathematics&Statistics ISBN978-3-319-39063-5 ISBN978-3-319-39065-9 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-39065-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016947172 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Toourmentors Foreword This book contains a collection of papers by distinguished researchers that were presented at an international conference to celebrate Joseph McKean’s 70th birth- day. The conference entitled “Robust Rank-Based and Nonparametric Methods” was held at Western Michigan University on April 9 and 10, 2015. Many papers inthisbookarecontributedbysomeofJoe’slong-standingcollaborators,students, andcolleagues. Joe McKean is a truly outstanding scholar. He is internationally recognized as havingmadefundamentalcontributionstothetheoryandpracticeofnonparametric statistics. Joe has consistently produced very high quality work over the last 40 yearsresultingin6booksandmorethan100publishedpapers.Overthistime,he has directed 24 Ph.D. dissertations. He personally contributed in the development ofrank-basedmethodsforlinearmodels,multivariatemodels,timeseriesmodels, experimental designs, mixed models, and nonlinear models. In particular, he is responsiblefordevelopingboththetheoreticalunderpinningsandthecomputational algorithmsfortheserank-basedmethods.Hiscontributionsarebothbroadanddeep. Joe has developed rank-based methods across a broad range of settings which are competitive in terms of efficiency with parametric methods, when the parametric assumptionsholdandatthesametimearerobusttoviolationsoftheseassumptions. Put simply, essentially any data set you can analyze with least squares and/or maximumlikelihood,youcannowdousingarobustrank-basedmethoddeveloped and implemented in software by Joe. Joe is a fellow of the American Statistical Association and the 1994 winner of Western Michigan University’s Distinguished FacultyScholarAward. Joe’s contributions to teaching and service are also legendary. In terms of teaching, Joe has taught essentially every graduate statistics class at Western MichiganUniversity.HewastheprogramchairorcodirectoroffiveseparateGreat Lakes Symposiums on Applied Statistics held in Kalamazoo, Michigan. Joe has servedasanassociateeditorforfivedifferentjournals,includingtheJournalofthe American Statistical Association. Joe played a fundamental role in the formation oftheDepartmentofStatisticsatWesternMichiganUniversity,whichoccurredin vii viii Foreword July2001.JoewasalsooneoftheprincipalleadersinputtingtogethertheStatistical ComputingLabatWesternMichiganUniversity. Describing Joe’s long list of outstanding accomplishments speaks to just one aspectofJoe.Joehasawonderfullifeoutsideofacademia.Heismuchlovedbyhis wife Marge, his three daughters, and his four grandchildren. Pour Joe a craft beer and ask him about his international travels and you will be regaled by a tale from oneofhisvisitstoAustraliaorSwitzerland. On a further personal note, we have enjoyed a long-term friendship and collaborative relationship with Joe. We have had the great good fortune to work with him on many research projects. He is the ideal collaborator, always ready to discussaproblemindepth,oftencomingupwithinnovativeandcreativesolutions. Insummary,thosewhohaveworkedwithJoeMcKeanaswellasthosewhohave beentaughtbyhimhavegreatlybenefitedfromtheirinteractionswithatrulygreat man. StateCollege,PA,USA T.P.Hettmansperger CollegeStation,TX,USA S.J.Sheather January2016 Preface Thisvolumeofpapersgrewoutofthe InternationalConferenceon RobustRank-BasedandNonparametricMethods whichwasheldatWesternMichiganUniversity,Kalamazoo,MI,onApril9and10, 2015. This conference consisted of 2 days of talks by distinguished researchers in theareasofrobust,rank-based,andnonparametricstatisticalmethods.Manyofthe speakers agreed to submit papers to this volume in areas of their expertise. These paperswererefereedbyexternalreviewers,andrevisedpaperswereresubmittedfor afinalreview.Wethanktherefereesfortheirworkonthesepapers. This collection of papers discuss robust rank-based and nonparametric proce- dures for many of the current models of interest for univariate and multivariate situations. It begins with a review of rank-based methods for linear and nonlinear models.Manyofthesucceedingpapersextendrobustandnonparametricmethodsto mixedandGEE-typemodels.Manyofthepapersdeveloprobustandnonparametric methodsformultivariatedesignsandtimeseriesmodels.Theoreticalpropertiesof theanalyses,includingasymptotictheoryandefficiencyproperties,aredeveloped. Resultsofsimulationstudiesconfirmingthevalidityandempiricalefficiencyofthe methodsarepresented.Discussionalsofocusesonapplicationsinvolvingrealdata setsandcomputationalaspectsoftheserobustprocedures.SeveralRpackages for theseproceduresarediscussed,andtheURLsfortheirdownloadingarecited. TheconferencewashostedbytheDepartmentofStatisticsofWesternMichigan University. Our thanks goes to many people who contributed to the success of this conference. In particular, a special thanks goes to Ms. Michelle Hastings, administrative assistant of the Department of Statistics, who was in charge of the localarrangements.AlsoaspecialthankstoDr.MagdalenaNiewiadomska-Bugaj, chairoftheDepartmentofStatistics;ProfessorRajibPaul,DepartmentofStatistics; and Dr. Thomas Vidmar, Biostat Consultants of Portage, for their time spent in organizing this conference. Also, our thanks to Professor Simon Sheather, Texas A&MUniversity,foremceeingtheconferencebanquet. ix

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The contributors to this volume include many of the distinguished researchers in this area. Many of these scholars have collaborated with Joseph McKean to develop underlying theory for these methods, obtain small sample corrections, and develop efficient algorithms for their computation. The papers
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