Robots, Androids, and Animatrons PDF
Preview Robots, Androids, and Animatrons
&@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# Robots, Androids, and Animatrons &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# This page intentionally left blank. &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# Robots, Androids, and Animatrons 12 Incredible Projects You Can Build John Iovine Second Edition McGraw-Hill New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# Copyright ©2002, 1998 by The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-139454-0 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-137683-6. 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DOI: 10.1036/0071394540 &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# Dedication: To Ellen, my wife; James, my son; and AnnaRose, my daughter— with love &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# This page intentionally left blank. &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# For more information about this book, click here. Contents Introduction xvii Acknowledgments xix 1 In the beginning 1 Why build robots? 2 Purpose of robots 2 Exploration 3 Industrial robots—going to work 7 Design and prototyping 7 Hazardous duty 8 Maintenance 8 Fire-fighting robots 9 Medical robots 9 Nanotechnology 10 War robots 11 Robot wars 11 Civilian uses for robotic drones 12 Domestic 12 What we haven’t thought of yet—the killer application 12 More uses 13 2 Artificial life and artificial intelligence 15 Artificial intelligence 15 Evolution of consciousness in artificial intelligence 16 Is consciousness life? 17 Artificial life 17 Nanorobotics—are we alive yet? 18 &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# Copyright 2002, 1998 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Click Here for Terms of Use. Alittle history 18 Greater than I 19 The locked cage 19 Biotechnology 20 Neural networks—hype versus reality 20 What are neural networks? 20 What is artificial intelligence? 21 Using neural networks in robots 22 Tiny nets 22 Neural-behavior-based architecture 22 3 Power 23 Photovoltaic cells 23 Building a solar engine 24 Batteries 28 Battery power 28 Battery voltage 29 Primary batteries 29 Secondary batteries 30 In general 33 Building a NiCd battery charger 33 Building a solar-powered battery charger 38 Fuel cells—batteries with a fuel tank 38 If not now, when? 39 4 Movement and drive systems 41 Air muscles 41 Applications 41 How air muscles work 42 Nitinol wire 43 Solenoids 45 Rotary solenoids 46 Stepper motors 47 Stepper motor circuit 48 Servo motors 48 DC motors 54 DC motor H-bridge 55 Pulse-width modulation 57 &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%# 5 Sensors 59 Signal conditioning 60 Comparator example 60 Voltage divider 61 Light sensors (sight) 64 Photoresistive 64 Photoresistive light switch 64 Photoresistive neuron 66 Photovoltaic 67 Infrared 67 DTMF IR communication/remote control system 70 DTMF 70 Machine vision 80 Body sense 81 Direction—magnetic fields 82 Testing and calibration 83 Computer interface 83 1525 electronic analog compass 84 GPS 85 Speech recognition 85 Sound and ultrasonics 86 Ultrasonic receiver section 87 Ultrasonic transmitter section 88 Arranging the ultrasonic sensors 90 Touch and pressure 90 Piezoelectric material 91 Switches 92 Bend sensors 92 Heat 93 Pressure sensor 94 Smell 94 Humidity 97 Testing sensors 97 Building a tester robot 97 Improving the tester robot 99 6 Intelligence 101 Microchip’s PIC microcontroller 101 Why use a microcontroller? 102 &@&@&@&&@&@&@&@& T#%#e%##a%#m%##% #L#%#R%##N%#
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