River Mechanics

526 Pages·2018·26.25 MB·English

by  Pierre Y. Julien

RIVER MECHANICS
SECOND EDITION
ThesecondeditionofJulien’stextbookpresentsananalysisofrivers,frommountainstreams
toestuaries.Thebookisrootedinfundamentalprinciplestopromotesoundengineeringprac-
tice. State-of-the-art methods are presented to underline theory and engineering applications.
River mechanics blends the dual concepts of water conveyance and sediment transport. Like
the first edition, this textbook contains ample details on river equilibrium, river dynamics,
bank stabilization, and river engineering. Complementary chapters also cover the physical
and mathematical modeling of rivers. As well as being completely updated throughout, three
newchaptershavebeenaddedonwatersheddynamics,hillslopestability,andstreamrestora-
tion. Throughout the text, hundreds of examples, exercises, problems, and case studies assist
the reader in learning the essential concepts of river engineering. The textbook is very well
illustrated to enhance advanced student learning, while researchers and practitioners will find
thebooktobeaninvaluablereference.
PIERRE Y. JULIEN is Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Colorado State
University. He has 35 years of professional engineering experience in the fields of hydraulics
andriversedimentation.Julienhasauthoredmorethan500scientificcontributions,including
two textbooks (the first edition of River Mechanics, and Erosion and Sedimentation
(CambridgeUniversityPress2010,secondedition)),25bookchaptersandmanuals,185refer-
eed journal articles, and 230 professional presentations and conference papers. He has deliv-
ered20keynoteaddressesandguidedmorethan130graduatestudentstocompletionoftheir
engineering degrees. He is the recipient of the Hans Albert Einstein Award of the American
SocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE),deliveredtheHunterRouseLectureoftheEnvironmental
and Water Resources Institute (ASCE) in 2015, and is a former editor for the ASCE Journal
ofHydraulicEngineering.
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“Thiselegantlywrittenbookcoversthemajortopicsassociatedwithwaterflowandsediment
transport in rivers. It thoughtfully guides readers through descriptions and formulations of
keyphysicalprocesses,andoffersmanyillustrationsandworkedexamplestoaidunderstand-
ing.Thebookisacomprehensivecompaniontotheauthor’sbookErosionandSedimentation,
whichfocusesonalluvialsedimenttransportinrivers.”
—ROBERTETTEMA,ColoradoStateUniversity
“As an engineering professional facing the challenges of sediment transport, I found the new
editionofRiverMechanicstobeagreatreferenceandaveryusefulresource.Itspresentation
of material has been substantially revised and expanded, including several new chapters. I
especially liked the expanded treatment of watershed processes and new material on stream
restoration.RiverMechanicsstandsonitsownandisevenmoreusefulintandemwithPierre
Julien’s other book Erosion and Sedimentation as its companion. Having been familiar with
the first edition from my days in graduate school, this new edition will undoubtedly prove to
beanindispensableresourceforstudentsandpractitionersalike.”
—MARKVELLEUX,HDR
“A book in river engineering taking the interested reader from its sources to the estuary,
painted with concise problem statements and solved by adequate engineering methods and
techniques. Prof. Julien’s second edition can be fully recommended to graduate students,
researches and practicing engineers in the fields of river basins, river mechanics, river flows,
river stability, river equilibrium, river models, and river restoration. Prof. Julien should be
praised for his integral approach, his technical formulation and his updated presentation
involvingbothproblemsinpracticeandexercisesofthecomplicatedtopic.”
—WILLIHAGER,ETHZurich
“A rare must-read on modern river mechanics that covers the subject not only comprehen-
sively and rigorously but also inspirationally. The author’s philosophy ‘from observations to
physical understanding to mathematical modelling and numerical simulations’ underpins
everytopicinthebook,makingitveryclearandcomplete.Undoubtedly,thistextwillquickly
become a benchmark source equally important to students, engineers and researchers. It will
alsobenoteworthytogeoscientistsandstreamecologistsworkingatthebordersbetweentheir
disciplinesandengineering.Agenuinepleasuretoread!”
—VLADIMIRNIKORAFRSE,UniversityofAberdeen
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RIVER MECHANICS
SECOND EDITION
PIERRE Y. JULIEN
ColoradoStateUniversity
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DOI:10.1017/9781316107072
©PierreY.Julien2018
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Firstpublished2018
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Title:Rivermechanics/PierreY.Julien,ColoradoStateUniversity.
Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom:CambridgeUniversityPress,[2018]
|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2017058314|ISBN9781107462779(pbk.)
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Dedicated to my deceased mother Yolande and my brother Michel
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Contents
Preface page xi
Notation xv
1 Physical Properties 1
1.1 Dimensions and Units 1
1.2 Water Properties 4
1.3 Sediment Properties 6
2 Mechanics of Rivers 14
2.1 Equations Governing River Flows 14
2.2 Equations Governing Sediment Motion 33
2.3 Why Do Rivers Form? 41
3 River Basins 47
3.1 River Basin Characteristics 47
3.2 Excess Rainfall Precipitation 49
3.3 Surface Runoff 60
3.4 Sediment Sources and Sediment Yield 69
4 River Basin Dynamics 83
4.1 Rainfall Precipitation 83
4.2 River Flow Duration Curves 96
4.3 Flood Frequency Analysis 101
4.4 Extreme Floods 108
5 Steady Flow in Rivers 116
5.1 Steady-Uniform River Flow 116
5.2 Steady Nonuniform River Flow 138
6 Unsteady Flow in Rivers 153
6.1 Solitary Wave Propagation 153
6.2 Kinematic and Dynamic Waves 154
6.3 Flood-Wave Celerity 155
vii
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viii Contents
6.4 Flood-Wave Propagation 159
6.5 Short-Wave Propagation 164
6.6 Flow Pulses in Rivers 165
6.7 Loop-Rating Curves 167
7 Mathematical River Models 177
7.1 River Flood-Wave Propagation 177
7.2 Advection–Dispersion of River Contaminants 186
7.3 Aggradation–Degradation in Rivers 195
7.4 Numerical River Models 198
8 Hillslope and Revetment Stability 205
8.1 Hillslope Stability 205
8.2 Revetment Stability 214
9 Riverbank Protection 230
9.1 Riverbank Stability 230
9.2 River Flow-Control Structures 247
10 River Equilibrium 260
10.1 Irrigation Canal Geometry 260
10.2 Downstream Hydraulic Geometry 262
10.3 River Meandering 276
11 River Dynamics 292
11.1 River Response 293
11.2 River Degradation 299
11.3 River Aggradation 311
12 Physical River Models 330
12.1 Hydraulic Similitude 330
12.2 Rigid-Bed River Models 333
12.3 Sediment-Transport Similitude 338
12.4 Mobile-Bed River Models 340
13 Stream Restoration 348
13.1 Watershed Environment 348
13.2 Channel Rehabilitation 351
13.3 Aquatic Environment 358
13.4 Stream Restoration Guidelines 375
14 River Engineering 379
14.1 River Flood Control 379
14.2 River Closure and Local Scour 388
14.3 Weirs and Canal Headworks 397
14.4 Bridge Scour 402
14.5 Navigable Waterways 408
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Contents ix
14.6 Dredging 418
14.7 River Ice 421
15 River Estuaries 427
15.1 Surface Waves 427
15.2 River Estuaries 441
Bibliography 453
Index 493
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