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River Mechanics PDF

526 Pages·2018·26.25 MB·English
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RIVER MECHANICS SECOND EDITION ThesecondeditionofJulien’stextbookpresentsananalysisofrivers,frommountainstreams toestuaries.Thebookisrootedinfundamentalprinciplestopromotesoundengineeringprac- tice. State-of-the-art methods are presented to underline theory and engineering applications. River mechanics blends the dual concepts of water conveyance and sediment transport. Like the first edition, this textbook contains ample details on river equilibrium, river dynamics, bank stabilization, and river engineering. Complementary chapters also cover the physical and mathematical modeling of rivers. As well as being completely updated throughout, three newchaptershavebeenaddedonwatersheddynamics,hillslopestability,andstreamrestora- tion. Throughout the text, hundreds of examples, exercises, problems, and case studies assist the reader in learning the essential concepts of river engineering. The textbook is very well illustrated to enhance advanced student learning, while researchers and practitioners will find thebooktobeaninvaluablereference. PIERRE Y. JULIEN is Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Colorado State University. He has 35 years of professional engineering experience in the fields of hydraulics andriversedimentation.Julienhasauthoredmorethan500scientificcontributions,including two textbooks (the first edition of River Mechanics, and Erosion and Sedimentation (CambridgeUniversityPress2010,secondedition)),25bookchaptersandmanuals,185refer- eed journal articles, and 230 professional presentations and conference papers. He has deliv- ered20keynoteaddressesandguidedmorethan130graduatestudentstocompletionoftheir engineering degrees. He is the recipient of the Hans Albert Einstein Award of the American SocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE),deliveredtheHunterRouseLectureoftheEnvironmental and Water Resources Institute (ASCE) in 2015, and is a former editor for the ASCE Journal ofHydraulicEngineering. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSB Libraries, on 17 Jun 2018 at 10:14:36, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316107072 “Thiselegantlywrittenbookcoversthemajortopicsassociatedwithwaterflowandsediment transport in rivers. It thoughtfully guides readers through descriptions and formulations of keyphysicalprocesses,andoffersmanyillustrationsandworkedexamplestoaidunderstand- ing.Thebookisacomprehensivecompaniontotheauthor’sbookErosionandSedimentation, whichfocusesonalluvialsedimenttransportinrivers.” —ROBERTETTEMA,ColoradoStateUniversity “As an engineering professional facing the challenges of sediment transport, I found the new editionofRiverMechanicstobeagreatreferenceandaveryusefulresource.Itspresentation of material has been substantially revised and expanded, including several new chapters. I especially liked the expanded treatment of watershed processes and new material on stream restoration.RiverMechanicsstandsonitsownandisevenmoreusefulintandemwithPierre Julien’s other book Erosion and Sedimentation as its companion. Having been familiar with the first edition from my days in graduate school, this new edition will undoubtedly prove to beanindispensableresourceforstudentsandpractitionersalike.” —MARKVELLEUX,HDR “A book in river engineering taking the interested reader from its sources to the estuary, painted with concise problem statements and solved by adequate engineering methods and techniques. Prof. Julien’s second edition can be fully recommended to graduate students, researches and practicing engineers in the fields of river basins, river mechanics, river flows, river stability, river equilibrium, river models, and river restoration. Prof. Julien should be praised for his integral approach, his technical formulation and his updated presentation involvingbothproblemsinpracticeandexercisesofthecomplicatedtopic.” —WILLIHAGER,ETHZurich “A rare must-read on modern river mechanics that covers the subject not only comprehen- sively and rigorously but also inspirationally. The author’s philosophy ‘from observations to physical understanding to mathematical modelling and numerical simulations’ underpins everytopicinthebook,makingitveryclearandcomplete.Undoubtedly,thistextwillquickly become a benchmark source equally important to students, engineers and researchers. It will alsobenoteworthytogeoscientistsandstreamecologistsworkingatthebordersbetweentheir disciplinesandengineering.Agenuinepleasuretoread!” —VLADIMIRNIKORAFRSE,UniversityofAberdeen Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSB Libraries, on 17 Jun 2018 at 10:14:36, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316107072 RIVER MECHANICS SECOND EDITION PIERRE Y. JULIEN ColoradoStateUniversity Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSB Libraries, on 17 Jun 2018 at 10:14:36, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316107072 UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre,NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06-04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitofeducation,learning,and researchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107462779 DOI:10.1017/9781316107072 ©PierreY.Julien2018 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexceptionandtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollective licensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionof CambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2018 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks,Inc. AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Julien,PierreY. Title:Rivermechanics/PierreY.Julien,ColoradoStateUniversity. Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom:CambridgeUniversityPress,[2018] |Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2017058314|ISBN9781107462779(pbk.) Subjects:LCSH:Riverengineering. Classification:LCCTC405.J852018|DDC627/.12—dc23LCrecord availableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2017058314 ISBN978-1-107-46277-9Paperback Additionalresourcesforthispublicationatwww.cambridge.org/river2 CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyofURLsforexternalor third-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublicationanddoesnotguaranteethatanycontenton suchwebsitesis,orwillremain,accurateorappropriate. Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSB Libraries, on 17 Jun 2018 at 10:14:36, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316107072 Dedicated to my deceased mother Yolande and my brother Michel Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSB Libraries, on 17 Jun 2018 at 10:14:36, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316107072 Contents Preface page xi Notation xv 1 Physical Properties 1 1.1 Dimensions and Units 1 1.2 Water Properties 4 1.3 Sediment Properties 6 2 Mechanics of Rivers 14 2.1 Equations Governing River Flows 14 2.2 Equations Governing Sediment Motion 33 2.3 Why Do Rivers Form? 41 3 River Basins 47 3.1 River Basin Characteristics 47 3.2 Excess Rainfall Precipitation 49 3.3 Surface Runoff 60 3.4 Sediment Sources and Sediment Yield 69 4 River Basin Dynamics 83 4.1 Rainfall Precipitation 83 4.2 River Flow Duration Curves 96 4.3 Flood Frequency Analysis 101 4.4 Extreme Floods 108 5 Steady Flow in Rivers 116 5.1 Steady-Uniform River Flow 116 5.2 Steady Nonuniform River Flow 138 6 Unsteady Flow in Rivers 153 6.1 Solitary Wave Propagation 153 6.2 Kinematic and Dynamic Waves 154 6.3 Flood-Wave Celerity 155 vii Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSB Libraries, on 17 Jun 2018 at 10:18:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316107072 viii Contents 6.4 Flood-Wave Propagation 159 6.5 Short-Wave Propagation 164 6.6 Flow Pulses in Rivers 165 6.7 Loop-Rating Curves 167 7 Mathematical River Models 177 7.1 River Flood-Wave Propagation 177 7.2 Advection–Dispersion of River Contaminants 186 7.3 Aggradation–Degradation in Rivers 195 7.4 Numerical River Models 198 8 Hillslope and Revetment Stability 205 8.1 Hillslope Stability 205 8.2 Revetment Stability 214 9 Riverbank Protection 230 9.1 Riverbank Stability 230 9.2 River Flow-Control Structures 247 10 River Equilibrium 260 10.1 Irrigation Canal Geometry 260 10.2 Downstream Hydraulic Geometry 262 10.3 River Meandering 276 11 River Dynamics 292 11.1 River Response 293 11.2 River Degradation 299 11.3 River Aggradation 311 12 Physical River Models 330 12.1 Hydraulic Similitude 330 12.2 Rigid-Bed River Models 333 12.3 Sediment-Transport Similitude 338 12.4 Mobile-Bed River Models 340 13 Stream Restoration 348 13.1 Watershed Environment 348 13.2 Channel Rehabilitation 351 13.3 Aquatic Environment 358 13.4 Stream Restoration Guidelines 375 14 River Engineering 379 14.1 River Flood Control 379 14.2 River Closure and Local Scour 388 14.3 Weirs and Canal Headworks 397 14.4 Bridge Scour 402 14.5 Navigable Waterways 408 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSB Libraries, on 17 Jun 2018 at 10:18:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316107072 Contents ix 14.6 Dredging 418 14.7 River Ice 421 15 River Estuaries 427 15.1 Surface Waves 427 15.2 River Estuaries 441 Bibliography 453 Index 493 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. Access paid by the UCSB Libraries, on 17 Jun 2018 at 10:18:45, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316107072

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The second edition of Julien's textbook presents an analysis of rivers from mountain streams to river estuaries. The book is rooted in fundamental principles to promote sound engineering practice. State-of-the-art methods are presented to underline theory and engineering applications. River mechanic
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