Rice In The Tropics: A Guide To Development Of National Programs

277 Pages·1979·23.929 MB·\277

by  Robert F Chandler Jr (Author)

Rice in the Tropics
IADS DEVELOPMENT-ORIENTED
LITERATURE SERIES
Rice in the Tropics
was prepared under the auspices of the
International Agricultural Development Service
and the
International Rice Research Institute
with additional funding from the
German Agency for Technical Cooperation
(Deutsche Gesellschaft fiir Technische Zusammenarbeit)
Rice in the Tropics:
A Guide to the Development
of National Programs
Robert F. Chandler, Jr.
First published 1979 by Westview Press
Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Copyright © 1979 by International Agricultural Development Service
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Chandler, Robert Flint, 1907-
Rice in the tropics.
(IADS development-oriented literature series)
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
I. Rice. 2. Agriculture and state. 3. Rice-Tropics. I. Title. II. Series: United States.
International Agricultural Development Service. IADS development-oriented
literature series.
SB191.R5C523 338.1'8 78-19704
ISBN 13: 978-0-367-28605-7 (hbk)
Contents
List of Tables ........................................ ix
List of Figures ....................................... xi
Foreword, by Sterling Wortman ....................... xiii
Prefa ce .................................. , ..........x vn
I. The Importance of Rice as a World Crop, and
Its Principal Characteristics ........................ . 1
Area, Yield, and Production of Rice ............... I
Rice as a Staple Food ............................ 9
Types of Rice .................................. 12
Quality Preferences among National Groups ...... 15
Rice as a Unique Food Crop ..................... 17
Kinds of Rice Culture ........................... 18
Future Supplies of Rice ......................... 21
2. The Modern Rice Plant and the New Technology:
Greater Potentials for Rice Production
in the Tropics .................................... 31
The Modern Tropical Rice Plant ................. 32
Response of Modern Varieties to Fertilizer ......... 38
Water Management in Lowland Rice ............. 42
Chemical Changes in Flooded Soils .............. 43
Solar Radiation and Rice Yields .................. 44
v
vi Contents
Plant Protection ................................ 46
Mechanization for the Small Farmer .............. 56
The New Technology and Farm Incomes ......... 61
3. Problems of Postharvest Technology ................ 65
Harvesting and Threshing ....................... 66
Cleaning and Drying ............................ 68
Handling and Transportation .................... 74
Storage ........................................ 75
Rice Processing ................................. 79
Rice Distribution and Quality Control ............ 86
The Systems Approach .......................... 87
4. Rice Marketing ................................... 91
Local Marketing ................................ 92
Self-sufficiency as a Goal ........................ 94
Export Marketing: Problems in Marketing
Surplus Rice ................................. 96
5. Some Successful Rice Production Programs ........ 101
Taiwan ....................................... 103
South Korea ....................... _, ........... 113
The Philippines ............................... 123
Colombia ..................................... 129
Other Countries That Have Made Rapid
Progress .................................... 139
Comparing the Programs ....................... 142
6. Promising Rice Research ......................... 145
Varietal Improvement .......................... 145
Supplying Nitrogen to the Rice Plant ........... 153
Improved Insect Control at Low Cost ............ 157
Better Weed Control Methods for Rainfed Rice ... 158
Fundamental Causes of Low Rice Yields ......... 159
Cropping Systems Involving Rice ............... 160
Continuous Rice Production .................... 162
Contents vu
7. Elements of a Successful Accelerated Rice
Production Program ............................. 165
Analyzing the Natural Resources ................ 167
The Essential Elements ......................... 171
8. A National Rice Program: Putting the
Ingredients Together ............................. 189
Organizing the Rural Structure ................. 190
Deciding Where To Put the Emphasis ........... 193
Prospects for Increasing Rice Yields in the
Tropics ..................................... 202
Maintaining the Pace Once It Is Set ............. 204
Appendix: Where and How To Get Assistance ......... 207
Glossary ............................................ 225
Annotated Bibliography ............................. . 229
Index .............................................. 249

Tables
1. Average annual area, yield, and production of
rice by region and country, 1961-65 and
1971-75 ........................................... 4
2. Apparent average annual per capita rice
consumption in selected countries, 1971-75 ............ 8
3. Estimated maximum farm yields for 11 Asian
countries, and the area of major types of rice
land of varying yield potential ..................... 26
4. Area, yield, and production of paddy rice in
11 Asian countries in 1976, the weighted
average of the calculated on-farm maximum
yields (from Table 3) and the estimated amount
of rice that could be produced in each country ....... 28
5. Comparative labor requirements and costs of
land preparation by power tillers and by water
buffaloes in the Philippines in 1976 ................ 58
6. A comparison of the investment and operational
costs of 6000-ton bag and bulk storage facilities ...... 77
7. Average recovery efficiencies of three types
of rice mills ...................................... 83
8. Energy value and cost of four sources of
energy in India ................................... 85
9. The economics of three sizes of milling
operations ....................................... 90
ix