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301 Pages·1999·10.205 MB·English
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RREEUUSSEE MMEETTHHOODDOOLLOOGGYY MMAANNUUAALL FFOORR SSYYSSTTEEMM--OONN--AA--CCHHIIPP DDEESSIIGGNNSS SSEECCOONNDD EEDDIITTIIOONN TTrraaddeemmaarrkk IInnffoorrmmaattiioonn SSyynnooppssyyss,, CCOOSSSSAAPP,, aanndd LLooggiicc MMooddeelliinngg aarree rreeggiisstteerreedd ttrraaddeemmaarrkkss ooff SSyynnooppssyyss,, IInncc.. CCyycclloonnee,, FFoorrmmaalliittyy,, FFlloooorrppllaann MMaannaaggeerr,, MMoodduullee CCoommppiilleerr,, PPoowweerr CCoommppiilleerr,, SSWWIIFFTT IInntteerrffaaccee,, TTeesstt CCoommppiilleerr,, VVSSSS EExxppeerrtt,, aanndd VVSSSS PPrrooffeessssiioonnaall aarree ttrraaddeemmaarrkkss ooff SSyynn ooppssyyss,, IInncc.. MMeennttoorr GGrraapphhiiccss iiss aa rreeggiisstteerreedd ttrraaddeemmaarrkk ooff MMeennttoorr GGrraapphhiiccss CCoorrppoorraattiioonn.. DDFFTTAAddvviissoorr,, FFaassttSSccaann,, FFIISSPPbbuuss,, FFlleexxTTeesstt,, QQuuiicckkPPoowweerr,, QQuuiicckkSSiimm IIII,, aanndd SSeeaammlleessss CCVVEE aarree ttrraaddeemmaarrkkss ooff MMeennttoorr GGrraapphhiiccss CCoorrppoorraattiioonn.. AAllll ootthheerr ttrraaddeemmaarrkkss aarree tthhee eexxcclluussiivvee pprrooppeerrttyy ooff tthheeiirr rreessppeeccttiivvee hhoollddeerrss aanndd sshhoouulldd bbee ttrreeaatteedd aass ssuucchh.. REU SE METHODOLOGY MANUAL FOR SYSTEM-ON-A-CHIP DESIGNS SECOND EDITION by Michael Keating Synopsys, Inc. Pierre Bricaud Mentor Graphics Corporation . ., ~ SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC ISBN 978-1-4613-7289-9 ISBN 978-1-4615-5037-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-5037-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Copyright ~ 1999 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1999 AlI rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo-copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Printed on acid-free paper. TTaabbllee ooff CCoonntteennttss FFoorreewwoorrdd ............................................................................................................................................................................ xxvv PPrreeffaaccee ttoo tthhee SSeeccoonndd EEddiittiioonn .................................................................................................. xxvviiii AAcckknnoowwlleeddggeemmeennttss ...................................................................................................................................... ::xxxxii 11 IInnttrroodduuccttiioonn ........................................................................................................................................................................ 11 11..11 GGooaallss ooff TThhiiss DDooccuummeenntt.. .............................................................................................................................................................. 22 11..11..11 AAssssuummppttiioonnss .......................................................................................................................................................................... 33 11..11..22 DDeeffiinniittiioonnss ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 11..11..33 VViirrttuuaall SSoocckkeett IInntteerrffaaccee AAlllliiaannccee .......................................................................................................... 44 11..22 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr RReeuussee:: TThhee CChhaalllleennggee .................................................................................................................................... 44 11..22..11 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr UUssee .................................................................................................................................................................... 55 11..22..22 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr RReeuussee ............................................................................................................................................................ 55 11..22..33 FFuunnddaammeennttaall PPrroobblleemmss .......................................................................................................................................... 66 11..33 DDeessiiggnn RReeuussee:: AA BBuussiinneessss MMooddeell .................................................................................................................................. 77 11..33..11 CChhaannggiinngg RRoolleess iinn SSooCC DDeessiiggnn ................................................................................................................ 77 11..33..22 RReettoooolliinngg SSkkiillllss ffoorr NNeeww RRoolleess ................................................................................................................ 77 11..33..33 SSoouurrcceess ooff IIPP ffoorr SSooCC DDeessiiggnnss .................................................................................................................. 88 11..33..44 CCoosstt MMooddeellss DDrriivvee RReeuussee .................................................................................................................................. 88 11..33..55 HHooww MMuucchh RReeuussee aanndd WWhheenn ........................................................................................................................ 99 vvii RReeuussee MMeetthhooddoollooggyy MMaannuuaall 22 TThhee SSyysstteemm--oonn--aa--CChhiipp DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss ••••..••••..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 1111 22..11 AA CCaannoonniiccaall SSooCC DDeessiiggnn .......................................................................................................................................................... 1111 22..22 SSyysstteemm DDeessiiggnn FFllooww ........................................................................................................................................................................ 1122 22..22..11 WWaatteerrffaallll vvss.. SSppiirraall .................................................................................................................................................. 1133 22..22..22 TToopp--DDoowwnn vvss.. BBoottttoomm--UUpp ............................................................................................................................ 1155 22..22..33 CCoonnssttrruucctt bbyy CCoorrrreeccttiioonn .................................................................................................................................. 1177 22..22..44 SSuummmmaarryy .................................................................................................................................................................................. 1177 22..33 TThhee SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn PPrroobblleemm .................................................................................................................................................... 1188 22..33..11 SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn RReeqquuiirreemmeennttss ........................................................................................................................ 1199 22..33..22 TTyyppeess ooff SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonnss ...................................................................................................................................... 1199 22..44 TThhee SSyysstteemm DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss .................................................................................................................................................. 2200 33 SSyysstteemm--LLeevveell DDeessiiggnn IIssssuueess:: RRuulleess aanndd TTooooIIss •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 2255 33..11 TThhee SSttaannddaarrdd MMooddeell ........................................................................................................................................................................ 2255 33..11..11 SSoofftt IIPP vvss.. HHaarrdd IIPP .................................................................................................................................................... 2277 33..11..22 TThhee RRoollee ooff FFuullll CCuussttoomm DDeessiiggnn iinn RReeuussee .......................................................................... 2288 33..22 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr TTIImmiinngg CClloossuurree:: LLooggiicc DDeessiiggnn IIssssuueess .............................................................................. 2299 33..22..11 IInntteerrffaacceess aanndd TTiimmiinngg CClloossuurree ................................................................................................................ 2299 33..22..22 SSyynncchhrroonnoouuss vvss.. AAssyynncchhrroonnoouuss DDeessiiggnn SSttyyllee ................................................................ 3333 33..22..33 CClloocckkiinngg .................................................................................................................................................................................. 3344 33..22..44 RReesseett .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3355 33..22..55 TTIImmiinngg EExxcceeppttiioonnss aanndd MMuullttiiccyyccllee PPaatthhss .............................................................................. 3366 33..33 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr TTiimmiinngg CClloossuurree:: PPhhyyssiiccaall DDeessiiggnn IIssssuueess ...................................................................... 3366 33..33..11 FFlloooorrppllaannnniinngg .................................................................................................................................................................. 3366 33..33..22 SSyynntthheessiiss SSttrraatteeggyy aanndd TTiimmiinngg BBuuddggeettss .................................................................................. 3366 33..33..33 HHaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ...................................................................................................................................................................... 3377 33..33..44 CClloocckk DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn .................................................................................................................................................... 3377 33..44 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn:: VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn SSttrraatteeggyy .......................................................................................... 3388 33..55 SSyysstteemm IInntteerrccoonnnneecctt aanndd OOnn--CChhiipp BBuusseess ........................................................................................................ 3399 33..55..11 BBaassiicc IInntteerrffaaccee IIssssuueess .......................................................................................................................................... 3399 33..55..22 TTrriissttaattee vvss.. MMuuxx BBuusseess ...................................................................................................................................... 4400 33..55..33 RReeuussee IIssssuueess aanndd OOnn--CChhiipp BBuusseess ...................................................................................................... 4411 33..55..44 IIPP--ttoo--IIPP IInntteerrffaacceess ...................................................................................................................................................... 4422 33..55..55 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr BBrriinngg--UUpp aanndd DDeebbuugg:: OOnn--CChhiipp DDeebbuugg SSttrruuccttuurreess ................ 4433 33..66 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr LLooww PPoowweerr .................................................................................................................................................................. 4444 33..66..11 LLoowweerriinngg tthhee SSuuppppllyy VVoollttaaggee .................................................................................................................. 4444 33..66..22 RReedduucciinngg CCaappaacciittaannccee aanndd SSwwiittcchhiinngg AAccttiivviittyy ............................................................ 4455 33..66..33 SSiizziinngg aanndd OOtthheerr SSyynntthheessiiss TTeecchhnniiqquueess .................................................................................... 4488 33..66..44 SSuummmmaarryy .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4488 RReeuussee MMeetthhooddoollooggyy MMaannuuaall vvIIII 33..77 DDeessiiggnn ffoorr TTeesstt:: MMaannuuffaaccttuurriinngg TTeesstt SSttrraatteeggiieess .................................................................................... 4499 33..77..11 SSyysstteemm LLeevveell TTeesstt IIssssuueess ................................................................................................................................ 4499 33..77..22 MMeemmoorryy TTeesstt ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4499 33..77..33 MMiiccrroopprroocceessssoorr TTeesstt .............................................................................................................................................. 4499 33..77..44 OOtthheerr MMaaccrrooss .................................................................................................................................................................... 4499 33..77..55 LLooggiicc BBIISSTT .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5500 33..88 PPrreerreeqquuiissiitteess ffoorr RReeuussee ................................................................................................................................................................ 5500 33..88..11 LLiibbrraarriieess .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5500 33..88..22 PPhhyyssiiccaall DDeessiiggnn RRuulleess ........................................................................................................................................ 5511 44 TThhee MMaaccrroo DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss ....................................................................................................................SS 33 44..11 DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss OOvveerrvviieeww ........................................................................................................................................................ 5533 44..22 CCoonntteennttss ooff aa DDeessiiggnn SSppeecciiffiiccaattiioonn ............................................................................................................................ 5588 44..33 TToopp--LLeevveell MMaaccrroo DDeessiiggnn .......................................................................................................................................................... 6600 44..33..11 TToopp--LLeevveell MMaaccrroo DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss ...................................................................................................... 6600 44..33..22 AAccttiivviittiieess aanndd TToooollss ................................................................................................................................................ 6622 44..44 SSuubbbblloocckk DDeessiiggnn .................................................................................................................................................................................... 6633 44..44..11 SSuubbbblloocckk DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss .............................................................................................................................. 6633 44..44..22 AAccttiivviittiieess aanndd TToooollss ................................................................................................................................................ 6655 44..55 MMaaccrroo IInntteeggrraattiioonn ................................................................................................................................................................................ 6666 44..55..11 IInntteeggrraattiioonn PPrroocceessss .................................................................................................................................................. 6666 44..55..22 AAccttiivviittiieess aanndd TToooollss ................................................................................................................................................ 6688 44..66 SSoofftt MMaaccrroo PPrroodduuccttiizzaattiioonn ...................................................................................................................................................... 6699 44..66..11 PPrroodduuccttiizzaattiioonn PPrroocceessss ........................................................................................................................................ 6699 44..66..22 AAccttiivviittiieess aanndd TToooollss ................................................................................................................................................ 7711 55 RRTTLL CCooddiinngg GGuuiiddeelliinneess ..............................................................................................................................77 33 55..11 OOvveerrvviieeww ooff tthhee CCooddiinngg GGuuiiddeelliinneess ........................................................................................................................ 7733 55..22 BBaassiicc CCooddiinngg PPrraaccttiicceess ................................................................................................................................................................ 7744 55..22..11 GGeenneerraall NNaammiinngg CCoonnvveennttiioonnss .................................................................................................................. 7744 55..22..22 NNaammiinngg CCoonnvveennttiioonnss ffoorr VVIITTAALL SSuuppppoorrtt ............................................................................ 7766 55..22..33 AArrcchhiitteeccttuurree NNaammiinngg CCoonnvveennttiioonnss .................................................................................................. 7777 55..22..44 IInncclluuddee HHeeaaddeerrss iinn SSoouurrccee FFiilleess .......................................................................................................... 7777 55..22..55 UUssee CCoommmmeennttss ................................................................................................................................................................ 7799 55..22..66 KKeeeepp CCoommmmaannddss oonn SSeeppaarraattee LLiinneess .............................................................................................. 7799 55..22..77 LLiinnee LLeennggtthh ........................................................................................................................................................................ 7799 55..22..88 IInnddeennttaattiioonn ............................................................................................................................................................................ 8800 55..22..99 DDoo NNoott UUssee HHDDLL RReesseerrvveedd WWoorrddss .................................................................................................. 8811 55..22..1100 PPoorrtt OOrrddeerriinngg .................................................................................................................................................................... 8811 vviiiiii RReeuussee MMeetthhooddoollooggyy MMaannuuaall 55..22..1111 PPoorrtt MMaappss aanndd GGeenneerriicc MMaappss .................................................................................................................. 8822 55..22..1122 VVHHDDLL EEnnttiittyy,, AArrcchhiitteeccttuurree,, aanndd CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn SSeeccttiioonnss .............................. 8833 55..22..1133 UUssee FFuunnccttiioonnss .................................................................................................................................................................. 8844 55..22..1144 UUssee LLooooppss aanndd AArrrraayyss ........................................................................................................................................ 8855 55..22..1155 UUssee MMeeaanniinnggffuull LLaabbeellss ...................................................................................................................................... 8866 55..33 CCooddiinngg ffoorr PPoorrttaabbiilliittyy .................................................................................................................................................................... 8877 55..33..11 UUssee OOnnllyy IIEEEEEE SSttaannddaarrdd 11YYppeess ............................................................................................................ 8877 55..33..22 DDoo NNoott UUssee HHaarrdd--CCooddeedd NNuummeerriicc VVaalluueess ............................................................................ 8888 55..33..33 PPaacckkaaggeess .................................................................................................................................................................................. 8888 55..33..44 IInncclluuddee FFiilleess ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8899 55..33..55 AAvvooiidd EEmmbbeeddddiinngg ddcc__sshheellll SSccrriippttss .................................................................................................. 8899 55..33..66 UUssee TTeecchhnnoollooggyy--IInnddeeppeennddeenntt LLiibbrraarriieess .................................................................................... 8899 55..33..77 CCooddiinngg FFoorr TTrraannssllaattiioonn ((VVHHDDLL ttoo VVeerriilloogg)) ...................................................................... 9900 55..44 GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr CClloocckkss aanndd RReesseettss ................................................................................................................................ 9911 55..44..11 AAvvooiidd MMiixxeedd CClloocckk EEddggeess ............................................................................................................................ 9911 55..44..22 AAvvooiidd CClloocckk BBuuffffeerrss .............................................................................................................................................. 9933 55..44..33 AAvvooiidd GGaatteedd CClloocckkss ................................................................................................................................................ 9933 55..44..44 AAvvooiidd IInntteerrnnaallllyy GGeenneerraatteedd CClloocckkss ................................................................................................ 9944 55..44..55 GGaatteedd CClloocckkss aanndd LLooww PPoowweerr DDeessiiggnnss .................................................................................... 9944 55..44..66 AAvvooiidd IInntteerrnnaallllyy GGeenneerraatteedd RReesseettss .................................................................................................. 9966 55..55 CCooddiinngg ffoorr SSyynntthheessiiss ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9977 55..55..11 IInnffeerr RReeggiisstteerrss .................................................................................................................................................................. 9977 55..55..22 AAvvooiidd LLaattcchheess .................................................................................................................................................................. 9999 55..55..33 IIff yyoouu mmuusstt uussee aa llaattcchh .................................................................................................................................... 110022 55..55..44 AAvvooiidd CCoommbbiinnaattiioonnaall FFeeeeddbbaacckk ...................................................................................................... 110022 55..55..55 SSppeecciiffyy CCoommpplleettee SSeennssiittiivviittyy LLiissttss .............................................................................................. 110033 55..55..66 BBlloocckkiinngg aanndd NNoonnbblloocckkiinngg AAssssiiggnnmmeennttss ((VVeerriilloogg)) ............................................ 110055 55..55..77 SSiiggnnaall vvss.. VVaarriiaabbllee AAssssiiggnnmmeennttss ((VVHHDDLL)) ........................................................................ 110077 55..55..88 CCaassee SSttaatteemmeennttss vveerrssuuss iiff--tthheenn--eellssee SSttaatteemmeennttss ...................................................... 110088 55..55..99 CCooddiinngg SSttaattee MMaacchhiinneess .................................................................................................................................. 111100 55..66 PPaarrttiittiioonniinngg ffoorr SSyynntthheessiiss .................................................................................................................................................... 111144 55..66..11 RReeggiisstteerr AAllll OOuuttppuuttss .......................................................................................................................................... 111144 55..66..22 LLooccaattee RReellaatteedd CCoommbbiinnaattiioonnaall LLooggiicc iinn aa SSiinnggllee MMoodduullee ...................... 111155 55..66..33 SSeeppaarraattee MMoodduulleess TThhaatt HHaavvee DDiiffffeerreenntt DDeessiiggnn GGooaallss .................................... 111166 55..66..44 AAssyynncchhrroonnoouuss LLooggiicc .......................................................................................................................................... 111188 55..66..55 AArriitthhmmeettiicc OOppeerraattoorrss:: MMeerrggiinngg RReessoouurrcceess ...................................................................... 111188 55..66..66 PPaarrttiittiioonniinngg ffoorr SSyynntthheessiiss RRuunnttiimmee .............................................................................................. 111199 55..66..77 AAvvooiidd PPooiinntt--ttoo--PPooiinntt EExxcceeppttiioonnss aanndd FFaallssee PPaatthhss ................................................ 112200 55..66..88 EElliimmiinnaattee GGlluuee LLooggiicc aatt tthhee TToopp LLeevveeLL ............................................................................ 112211 55..66..99 CChhiipp--LLeevveell PPaarrttiittiioonniinngg ................................................................................................................................ 112222 55..77 DDeessiiggnniinngg wwiitthh MMeemmoorriieess .................................................................................................................................................. 112233 RReeuussee MMeetthhooddoollooggyy MMaannuuaall iixx 55..88 CCooddee PPrrooffiilliinngg ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 112255 66 MMaaccrroo SSyynntthheessiiss GGuuiiddeelliinneess ............................................................................................................ 112277 66..11 OOvveerrvviieeww ooff tthhee SSyynntthheessiiss PPrroobblleemm .................................................................................................................... 112277 66..22 MMaaccrroo SSyynntthheessiiss SSttrraatteeggyy .................................................................................................................................................... 112288 66..22..11 MMaaccrroo TTiimmiinngg BBuuddggeett.. .................................................................................................................................... 112288 66..22..22 SSuubbbblloocckk TTiimmiinngg BBuuddggeett...... ...................................................................................................................... 112299 66..22..33 SSyynntthheessiiss iinn tthhee DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss ...................................................................................................... 112299 66..22..44 SSuubbbblloocckk SSyynntthheessiiss PPrroocceessss .................................................................................................................. 113300 66..22..55 MMaaccrroo SSyynntthheessiiss PPrroocceessss ............................................................................................................................ 113300 66..22..66 WWiirree LLooaadd MMooddeellss ................................................................................................................................................ 113311 66..22..77 PPrreesseerrvvee CClloocckk aanndd RReesseett NNeettwwoorrkkss .......................................................................................... 113311 66..22..88 CCooddee CChheecckkiinngg BBeeffoorree SSyynntthheessiiss .................................................................................................. 113322 66..22..99 CCooddee CChheecckkiinngg AAfftteerr SSyynntthheessiiss ........................................................................................................ 113322 66..33 HHiigghh--PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee SSyynntthheessiiss .......................................................................................................................................... 113333 66..33..11 CCllaassssiiccaall SSyynntthheessiiss .............................................................................................................................................. 113333 66..33..22 HHiigghh--PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee SSyynntthheessiiss ................................................................................................................ 113344 66..33..33 TTiilliinngg .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 113344 66..44 RRAAMM aanndd DDaattaappaatthh GGeenneerraattoorrss .................................................................................................................................. 113344 66..44..11 MMeemmoorryy DDeessiiggnn ........................................................................................................................................................ 113344 66..44..22 DDaattaappaatthh DDeessiiggnn ...................................................................................................................................................... 113355 66..44..33 DDeessiiggnn FFllooww UUssiinngg MMoodduullee CCoommppiilleerr .................................................................................... 113388 66..44..44 RRAAMM GGeenneerraattoorr FFllooww ...................................................................................................................................... 114400 66..44..55 DDeessiiggnn RReeuussee wwiitthh DDaattaappaatthh aanndd RRAAMM CCoommppiilleerrss ............................................ 114400 66..55 CCooddiinngg GGuuiiddeelliinneess ffoorr SSyynntthheessiiss SSccrriippttss ...................................................................................................... 114422 77 MMaaccrroo VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn GGuuiiddeelliinneess .................................................................................................... 114455 77..11 OOvveerrvviieeww ooff MMaaccrroo VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn ................................................................................................................................ 114455 77..11..11 VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn PPllaann ...................................................................................................................................................... 114466 77..11..22 VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn SSttrraatteeggyy .......................................................................................................................................... 114477 77..11..33 SSuubbbblloocckk SSiimmuullaattiioonn ........................................................................................................................................ 115511 77..11..44 MMaaccrroo SSiimmuullaattiioonn .................................................................................................................................................. 115511 77..11..55 PPrroottoottyyppiinngg ...................................................................................................................................................................... 115522 77..11..66 LLiimmiitteedd PPrroodduuccttiioonn .............................................................................................................................................. 115522 77..22 IInnssppeeccttiioonn aass VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn .................................................................................................................................................... 115522 77..33 AAddvveerrssaarriiaall TTeessttiinngg ........................................................................................................................................................................ 115544 77..44 TTeessttbbeenncchh DDeessiiggnn .............................................................................................................................................................................. 115555 77..44..11 SSuubbbblloocckk TTeessttbbeenncchh ............................................................................................................................................ 115555 77..44..22 MMaaccrroo TTeessttbbeenncchh ...................................................................................................................................................... 115566 xx RReeuussee MMeetthhooddoollooggyy MMaannuuaall 77..44..33 BBuuss FFuunnccttiioonnaall MMooddeellss .................................................................................................................................. 115599 77..44..44 AAuuttoommaatteedd RReessppoonnssee CChheecckkiinngg ........................................................................................................ 116600 77..44..55 VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn SSuuiittee DDeessiiggnn ............................................................................................................................ 116611 77..44..66 CCooddee CCoovveerraaggee AAnnaallyyssiiss ............................................................................................................................ 116666 77..55 TTiimmiinngg VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn ........................................................................................................................................................................ 116699 88 DDeevveellooppiinngg HHaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ...................................................................................................................... 117711 88..11 OOvveerrvviieeww ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 117711 88..11..11 WWhhyy aanndd WWhheenn ttoo uussee HHaarrdd MMaaccrrooss .......................................................................................... 117722 88..11..22 DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss ffoorr HHaarrdd vvss.. SSoofftt MMaaccrrooss .......................................................................... 117733 88..22 DDeessiiggnn IIssssuueess ffoorr HHaarrdd MMaaccrrooss .................................................................................................................................. 117733 88..22..11 FFuullll CCuussttoomm DDeessiiggnn ............................................................................................................................................ 117733 88..22..22 IInntteerrffaaccee DDeessiiggnn ........................................................................................................................................................ 117744 88..22..33 DDeessiiggnn FFoorr TTeesstt .......................................................................................................................................................... 117755 88..22..44 CClloocckk aanndd RReesseett ........................................................................................................................................................ 117766 88..22..55 AAssppeecctt RRaattiioo .................................................................................................................................................................. 117777 88..22..66 PPoorroossiittyy .................................................................................................................................................................................. 117777 88..22..77 PPiinn PPllaacceemmeenntt .............................................................................................................................................................. 117788 88..22..88 PPoowweerr DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonn ................................................................................................................................................ 117788 88..33 TThhee HHaarrdd MMaaccrroo DDeessiiggnn PPrroocceessss .............................................................................................................................. 117799 88..44 BBlloocckk IInntteeggrraattiioonn ffoorr HHaarrdd MMaaccrrooss ...................................................................................................................... 118811 88..55 PPrroodduuccttiizzaattiioonn ooff HHaarrdd MMaaccrrooss .................................................................................................................................. 118811 88..55..11 PPhhyyssiiccaall DDeessiiggnn ........................................................................................................................................................ 118811 88..55..22 VVeerriiffiiccaattiioonn ...................................................................................................................................................................... 118844 88..55..33 MMooddeellss .................................................................................................................................................................................... 118855 88..55..44 DDooccuummeennttaattiioonn .......................................................................................................................................................... 118855 88..66 MMooddeell DDeevveellooppmmeenntt ffoorr HHaarrdd MMaaccrrooss .............................................................................................................. 118866 88..66..11 FFuunnccttiioonnaall MMooddeellss ................................................................................................................................................ 118866 88..66..22 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd FFlloooorrppllaannnniinngg MMooddeellss ...................................................................................... 119944 88..77 PPoorrttiinngg HHaarrdd MMaaccrrooss .................................................................................................................................................................. 119977 99 MMaaccrroo DDeeppllooyymmeenntt:: PPaacckkaaggiinngg ffoorr RReeuussee .............................................................. 119999 99..11 DDeelliivveerriinngg tthhee CCoommpplleettee PPrroodduucctt ............................................................................................................................ 119999 99..11..11 SSoofftt MMaaccrroo DDeelliivveerraabblleess .............................................................................................................................. 220000 99..11..22 HHaarrdd MMaaccrroo DDeelliivveerraabblleess ............................................................................................................................ 220022 99..11..33 TThhee DDeessiiggnn AArrcchhiivvee ............................................................................................................................................ 220044 99..22 CCoonntteennttss ooff tthhee UUsseerr GGuuiiddee .............................................................................................................................................. 220055

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