Resource Allocation in Uplink OFDMA Wireless Systems: Optimal Solutions and Practical Implementations

286 Pages·2012·2.21 MB·English

by  Elias Yaacoub

RESOURCE
ALLOCATION IN
UPLINK OFDMA
WIRELESS SYSTEMS
pintelon-fm_rino-fm.qxd 1/5/2012 2:39 PM Page ii
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RESOURCE
ALLOCATION IN
UPLINK OFDMA
WIRELESS SYSTEMS
Optimal Solutions and Practical
Implementations
ELIAS E. YAACOUB
QUWirelessInnovationsCenter
ZAHER DAWY
AmericanUniversityofBeirut
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LibraryofCongressCatalogNumber:58-9935
ResourceAllocationinUplinkOFDMAWirelessSystems/EliasE.YaacoubandZaherH.Dawy.
p.cm.–(WileyIEEESeriesonDigitalandMobileCommunication)
“Wiley-Interscience.”
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-471-48348-6(pbk.)
1. Surveys–Methodology. 2. Socialsciences–Research–Statisticalmethods.
I. Groves,RobertM. II. Series.
HA31.2.S8732007
001.4’33–dc22 2004044064
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ToThereseandMariaTheresa
EliasYaacoub
ToSanaa,Hassan,andNoura
ZaherDawy
CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xv
ACRONYMS xvii
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 EvolutionofWirelessCommunicationSystems 1
1.2 OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess 2
1.3 OrganizationofthisBook 5
CHAPTER2 BACKGROUNDONDOWNLINKRESOURCEALLOCATIONINOFDMA
WIRELESSNETWORKS 9
2.1 CentralizedSingleCellScheduling 9
2.1.1 ContinuousVersusDiscreteRates 11
2.1.2 OptimalVersusSuboptimalScheduling 12
2.2 DistributedScheduling 13
2.3 SchedulinginMulticellScenarios 14
2.3.1 MulticellSchedulinginLTE 16
2.4 Summary 18
CHAPTER3 ERGODICSUM-RATEMAXIMIZATIONWITHCONTINUOUSRATES 19
3.1 Background 19
3.2 ProblemFormulation 21
3.3 ProblemSolution 23
3.3.1 SolutionoftheDualProblem 24
3.3.2 DualityGapAnalysis 26
3.3.3 ComplexityAnalysis 28
3.3.4 SolutionApproachinaMIMOScenario 28
3.4 AchievableRateRegion 28
3.4.1 K-userAchievableRateRegionwithoutRateConstraints 29
3.4.2 K-userAchievableRateRegionwithRateConstraints 30
3.4.3 ApplicationtotheTwo-UsersRateRegion 32
3.5 ResultsandDiscussion 35
3.5.1 SimulationParameters 35
3.5.2 MultiplierCalculationandConvergence 35
3.5.3 DualityGapResults 38
3.5.4 Sum-RateResults 38
3.6 Summary 41
vii
viii CONTENTS
CHAPTER4 ERGODICSUM-RATEMAXIMIZATIONWITHDISCRETERATES 43
4.1 Background 43
4.2 ProblemFormulation 44
4.3 ProblemSolution 46
4.3.1 DualityGapAnalysis 50
4.3.2 ComplexityAnalysis 52
4.4 ResultsandDiscussion 52
4.4.1 SimulationModel 52
4.4.2 ContinuousVersusDiscreteRates 53
4.4.3 ImpactofModulationandCodingSchemes 54
4.4.4 ImpactofVaryingtheUserWeights 56
4.5 Summary 57
CHAPTER5 GENERALIZATIONTOUTILITYMAXIMIZATION 59
5.1 Background 59
5.2 ErgodicUtilityMaximizationwithContinuousRates 60
5.2.1 DualityGap 62
5.3 ErgodicUtilityMaximizationwithDiscreteRates 64
5.3.1 DualityGap 67
5.4 Summary 68
CHAPTER6 SUBOPTIMALIMPLEMENTATIONOFERGODICSUM-RATE
MAXIMIZATION 69
6.1 Background 69
6.2 SuboptimalApproximationoftheContinuousRatesSolution 71
6.3 SuboptimalApproximationoftheDiscreteRatesSolution 73
6.4 ComplexityAnalysisoftheSuboptimalAlgorithms 76
6.4.1 ComplexityAnalysisintheContinuousRatesCase 76
6.4.2 ComplexityAnalysisintheDiscreteRatesCase 77
6.5 ResultsandDiscussion 78
6.5.1 SimulationParameters 78
6.5.2 ResultsoftheContinuousRatesApproximation 78
6.5.3 ResultsoftheDiscreteRatesApproximation 80
6.5.4 ResultsintheCaseofImperfectCSI 81
6.5.5 ComparisontoExistingAlgorithms 84
6.6 Summary 88
CHAPTER7 SUBOPTIMALIMPLEMENTATIONWITHPROPORTIONALFAIRNESS 89
7.1 Background 89
7.2 ProportionalFairScheduling 91
7.2.1 PFSchedulingMethods 91
7.2.2 EquivalenceofPFandNBS 92
CONTENTS ix
7.3 LowComplexityUtilityMaximizationAlgorithms 94
7.3.1 ComplexityAnalysisoftheUtilityMaximizationAlgorithms 97
7.3.2 ComparisontoExistingAlgorithms 98
7.3.3 RateCalculations 99
7.4 ProportionalFairUtilities 100
7.5 ResultsandDiscussion 101
7.5.1 SimulationModel 101
7.5.2 PFFandPFTFUtilityComparison 101
7.5.3 RB-basedScheduling:GreedyandPFFUtilities 103
7.5.4 ComparisontoExistingAlgorithms 107
7.5.5 IndependentversusEqualFadingovertheSubcarriersofanRB 111
7.6 Summary 112
CHAPTER8 SCHEDULINGWITHDISTRIBUTEDBASESTATIONS 113
8.1 Background 113
8.2 SystemModel 115
8.3 SchedulingwithDistributedBaseStations 118
8.3.1 SchedulingAlgorithmforDBSScenarios 118
8.3.2 ComplexityAnalysisoftheDBSSchedulingAlgorithm 120
8.4 ResultsandDiscussion 120
8.4.1 SimulationModel 120
8.4.2 Sum-RateResults 121
8.4.3 FairnessAnalysis 123
8.4.4 LocationOptimization 126
8.4.5 MobilityConsiderations 127
8.5 DistributedBaseStationsVersusRelays 128
8.6 DistributedBaseStationsVersusFemtocells 131
8.7 Summary 133
CHAPTER9 DISTRIBUTEDSCHEDULINGWITHUSERCOOPERATION 135
9.1 Background 135
9.2 CooperativeDistributedSchedulingScheme 136
9.2.1 SystemModel 136
9.2.2 CSIQuantizationScheme 138
9.2.3 PriceofAnarchy 139
9.3 DistributedSchedulingAlgorithm 140
9.3.1 RateCalculationswithQuantizedCSI 142
9.4 ResultsandDiscussion 142
9.4.1 SimulationModel 142
9.4.2 GreedySchedulingResults 143
9.4.3 PFSchedulingResults 145
9.5 Summary 149
x CONTENTS
CHAPTER10 DISTRIBUTEDSCHEDULINGWITHOUTUSERCOOPERATION 151
10.1 Background 151
10.2 NoncooperativeDistributedSchedulingScheme 153
10.2.1 SystemModel 153
10.2.2 DistributedSchedulingScheme 153
10.3 ComparisontoExistingSchemes 155
10.4 AnalysisofMeasurementInaccuracies 156
10.5 ResultsandDiscussion 160
10.5.1 SimulationModel 160
10.5.2 SimulationResults 161
10.6 OptimizationofTransmissionProbabilities 165
10.6.1 OptimizationMethods 165
10.6.2 OptimizationResults 166
10.7 PracticalConsiderations 169
10.7.1 Collisions 169
10.7.2 CollaborationBetweenMobileUsers 169
10.7.3 RoleoftheCentralControllingDevices 170
10.7.4 ExtensiontoaSingleCellScenario 170
10.7.5 ExtensiontoaMultipleCellScenario 171
10.7.6 CognitiveRadioand4G 171
10.8 Summary 171
CHAPTER11 CENTRALIZEDMULTICELLSCHEDULINGWITHINTERFERENCE
MITIGATION 173
11.1 Background 173
11.2 ProblemFormulation 175
11.3 IterativePricing-BasedPowerControlSolution 178
11.3.1 SingleCellProblemFormulation 178
11.3.2 SingleCellSchedulingSolution 179
11.3.3 IterativePricingGame 182
11.4 PricingGamewithCentralizedControl 184
11.4.1 OnlineversusOfflineImplementation 186
11.5 SuboptimalSchedulingSchemeUsingPricing-BasedPowerControl 186
11.5.1 UtilityFunctions 186
11.5.2 SettingthePricesinthePowerControlScheme 189
11.5.3 SchedulingAlgorithm 189
11.6 SuboptimalSchedulingSchemeUsingProbabilisticTransmission 190
11.7 ResultsandDiscussion 191
11.7.1 SimulationModel 191
11.7.2 ComparisonofthePricing-BasedPowerControlSchemes 191
11.7.3 ResultsoftheSuboptimalPricing-BasedPowerControlSchemes 196
11.7.4 ResultsoftheSuboptimalProbabilisticSchedulingScheme 198
11.8 Summary 201
CONTENTS xi
CHAPTER12 DISTRIBUTEDMULTICELLSCHEDULINGWITHINTERFERENCE
MITIGATION 203
12.1 Background 203
12.2 SystemModel 204
12.3 IntracellCooperation:DistributedScheduling 205
12.4 IntercellInterferenceMitigation/Avoidance 206
12.4.1 IntercellCooperation:TransparentPricingScheme 207
12.4.2 IntercellCooperation:Pricing-BasedPowerControlScheme 208
12.4.3 Interference Avoidance in the Absence of Intercell Cooperation:
ProbabilisticTransmissionScheme 209
12.5 ResultsandDiscussion 209
12.5.1 SimulationModel 209
12.5.2 GreedyAllocationResults 210
12.5.3 ProportionalFairAllocationResults 213
12.5.4 AdditionalComments 216
12.6 PracticalAspects 217
12.6.1 ApplicationinaLocalAreaNetwork 217
12.6.2 ApplicationinaDistributedBaseStationScenario 217
12.6.3 ApplicationinaCRNetwork 219
12.6.4 ApplicationinaNetworkwithFemtocellDeployment 219
12.6.5 DistributedMulticellSchedulingwithoutUserCooperation 220
12.7 Summary 221
CHAPTER13 SCHEDULINGINSTATE-OF-THE-ARTOFDMA-BASEDWIRELESS
SYSTEMS 223
13.1 WiMAXSchedulingOverview 223
13.1.1 EnhancementsintheNextGenerationofWiMAX 226
13.1.2 IntercellInterferenceIssuesinWiMAX 227
13.1.3 RelationoftheWorkinthisBooktoWiMAXScheduling 227
13.2 LTESchedulingOverview 228
13.2.1 EnhancementsintheNextGenerationofLTE 233
13.2.2 IntercellInterferenceIssuesinLTE 233
13.2.3 RelationoftheWorkinthisBooktoLTEScheduling 234
13.3 SCFDMAVersusOFDMAScheduling 235
13.3.1 SCFDMARateCalculations 236
13.3.2 SchedulingAlgorithmwithContiguousRBs 236
13.3.3 ResultsandDiscussion 237
13.4 ComparisontotheLTEPowerControlScheme 240
13.4.1 LTEMulticellInterferenceMitigationSchemes 241
13.4.2 ResultsandDiscussion 242
13.5 Summary 245