Resilience, Development and Global Change PDF
Preview Resilience, Development and Global Change
Resilience, Development and Global Change Resilience is currently infusing policy debates and public discourses, widely promoted as a normative goal in fields as diverse as the economy, national security, personal development and well-being. This is especially so in responses to climate change, disasters and perceived threats to food, energy and water security. Resilience, Development and Global Change critically analyses the multiple meanings and applications of resilience ideas in contemporary society and suggests where, how, why and to what extent resilience might cause us to rethink global change and development, and how a new approach might inform deliberative transform- ative change. The book shows how current policies adopting resilience terms and concepts generally promote ‘business as usual’ rather than radical responses to change. It argues, however, that resilience can help us to understand and respond to the challenges of the contemporary age. These challenges are characterised by high uncertainty, globalised and interconnected systems, increasing disparities and limited choices. Resilience concepts can overturn orthodox approaches to international development that remain dominated by modernisation, aid dependency and a focus on economic growth; and to global environmental change, characterised by technocratic approaches, market environmentalism and commoditisation of ecosystem services. It presents a view of development as transformation, extending current thinking on resilience. Resilience, Development and Global Change presents a sophisticated, theoretically informed synthesis of resilience thinking across disciplines, including social ecological systems and human development. It proposes a re-visioning of resilience to meet contemporary international development challenges highlighting hitherto neglected areas of resistance, rootedness and resourcefulness. This re-visioning brings novel insights to transform responses to climate change, understandings of poverty dynamics and conceptualisation of social ecological systems. Katrina Brown provides an original perspective for scholars of international development, environmental studies and geography, and introduces new dimensions for those studying broader fields of ecology and society. Katrina Brown is Professor of Social Sciences at the Environment and Sustainability Institute at the University of Exeter, based in Cornwall in the UK. She has a strong commitment to interdisciplinary analysis of, and innovative approaches to, environmental change and international development. Resilience, Development and Global Change Katrina Brown First published 2016 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2016 Katrina Brown The right of Katrina Brown to be identified as author of this work has been asserted by her in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record has been requested for this book ISBN: 978-0-415-66346-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-415-66347-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-203-49809-5 (ebk) Typeset in Sabon by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby To James, who has taught me the most important things about resilience, with love. Contents List of figures ix List of tables x List of boxes xi Preface xii Acknowledgements xiv Introduction 1 1 Resilience now 5 Why resilience, why now? 5 Defining resilience 7 A political ecology approach 12 Framing resilience 18 Is resilience a buzzword? 28 Re-framing resilience 30 2 Development policy engagement with resilience 36 Policy arenas 36 Policy discourses on resilience 38 Interrogating climate resilient development 51 Pinning it down: measuring resilience 55 New development paradigm or business as usual? 61 3 Resilience across disciplines 69 Mapping resilience in scientific literature 69 Resilience in social ecological systems 72 Resilience in human development 80 Resilience applications 89 Navigating diverse fields and applications 93 viii Contents 4 Exploring experiential resilience 100 Understanding vulnerability and resilience 101 Everyday forms of resilience 118 Resistance, rootedness and resourcefulness 123 5 Adaptation in a changing climate 127 Adaptation and development: adaptation as development 127 Making adaptation sustainable 132 Adaptation pathways 138 Distinguishing adaptation, vulnerability and resilience 140 Applying the resilience lens 143 Understanding adaptive capacity 145 6 Traps and transformations: the resilience of poverty 156 Understanding poverty dynamics 157 Resilience insights into traps 161 Escaping traps and transformation out of poverty 167 Transforming development 176 7 Re-visioning resilience: resistance, rootedness and resourcefulness 185 New Orleans: a tale of two cities 186 Re-visioning resilience 193 Re-conceptualising a social ecological system 199 Deliberating the future 201 Glossary 205 Index 208 Figures 1.1 Three dimensions and scales at which power operates 15 2.1 Christian Aid’s components of thriving and resilient livelihoods 41 2.2 DFID’s four elements of a resilience framework 43 2.3 The Montpellier Panel’s agricultural growth with resilience 47 3.1 The adaptive cycle 75 3.2 Panarchy 77 3.3 A developmental-contextual model of resilience 86 3.4 Community resilience as a networked set of capacities 91 3.5 An integrated vision of community resilience 93 4.1 Bouncing back: impact of death of household head on cultivation 108 4.2 Mozambique villager mental model of impacts of water management 111 4.3 Tanzania villager mental model of impacts of marine protected area 111 5.1 Resilience, adaptation and adaptedness 141 5.2 Relationships between system resilience and adaptation processes 143 5.3a Conceptual model of gradients of adaptive capacity and environmental susceptability and suggested governance strategies 149 5.3b Empirical case study from five countries in the western Indian Ocean 149 5.4 Capacities matrix 151 6.1 An heuristic model of a social ecological trap in coral reef fisheries 165 7.1 ‘Stop calling me resilient’: New Orleans fly-posting 191
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