Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies 134 Amaresh Chakrabarti E ditor Research into Design for a Connected World Proceedings of ICoRD 2019 Volume 1 Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies Volume 134 Series editors Robert James Howlett, Bournemouth University and KES International, Shoreham-by-sea, UK e-mail: [email protected] Lakhmi C. Jain, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia; University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; KES International, UK e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] The Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies book series encompasses the topics of knowledge, intelligence, innovation and sustainability. The aim of the seriesistomakeavailableaplatformforthepublicationofbooksonallaspectsof single and multi-disciplinary research on these themes in order to make the latest resultsavailableinareadily-accessibleform.Volumesoninterdisciplinaryresearch combining two or more of these areas is particularly sought. Theseriescoverssystemsandparadigmsthatemployknowledgeandintelligence inabroadsense.Itsscopeissystemshavingembeddedknowledgeandintelligence, whichmaybeappliedtothesolutionofworldproblemsinindustry,theenvironment and the community. It also focusses on the knowledge-transfer methodologies and innovationstrategiesemployedtomakethishappeneffectively.Thecombinationof intelligent systems tools and a broad range of applications introduces a need for a synergy of disciplines from science, technology, business and the humanities. The series will include conference proceedings, edited collections, monographs, hand- books, reference books, and other relevant types of book in areas of science andtechnologywheresmartsystemsandtechnologiescanofferinnovativesolutions. Highqualitycontentisanessentialfeatureforallbookproposalsacceptedforthe series. It is expected that editors of all accepted volumes will ensure that contributionsaresubjectedtoanappropriatelevelofreviewingprocessandadhere to KES quality principles. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8767 Amaresh Chakrabarti Editor Research into Design for a Connected World Proceedings of ICoRD 2019 Volume 1 123 Editor Amaresh Chakrabarti Centrefor Product Designand Manufacturing Indian Institute of Science Bangalore Bangalore, India ISSN 2190-3018 ISSN 2190-3026 (electronic) Smart Innovation,Systems andTechnologies ISBN978-981-13-5973-6 ISBN978-981-13-5974-3 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5974-3 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018966842 ©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721, Singapore Sponsors Centre for Product Design and Manufacturing, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India Springer v Endorsers The Design Society, UK Design Research Society, UK Conference Organisation Steering Committee Athavankar, Uday, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India de Bont, Cees, Loughborough University, UK Harinarayana, Kota, National Aeronautical Laboratories, India (Chair) Gero, John, George Mason University, USA Gurumoorthy, B., Indian Institute of Science, India Lindemann, Udo, Technical University of Munich, Germany Papalambros, Panos, University of Michigan, USA Culley, Steve, University of Bath, UK Advisory Committee Arunachalam, V. S., Center for Study of Science, Technology and Policy, India Balaji, C. D., Aeronautical Development Agency, India Bhamra, Tracy, Loughborough University, UK Christiaans,Henri,UlsanNationalInstituteofScienceandTechnology,SouthKorea Das, Anjan, Confederation of Indian Industry, India Desai, U. B., Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India Deshmukh, S. G., Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India Dorst, Kees, University of Technology Sydney, Australia Dwarakanath, Srinivasan, Airbus India, India Goel, Ashok, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA Goel, P. S., National Institute of Advanced Studies, India Gupta, Anil K., Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, India Horvath, Imre, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands vii viii ConferenceOrganisation Jaura, Arun, Michelin, India Kim, Yong Se, Sungkyunkwan University, South Korea Kumar, Ananda, LPerspective, India Leifer, Larry, Stanford University, USA Malhoutra, Udayant, CII National Committee on Design, India Majhi, Banshildar, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Kancheepuram, India Mitra, Arabinda, International Division, Department of Science and Technology, India Mohanram, P. J., Indian Machine Tool Manufacturers’ Association, India Mruthyunjaya,T.S.,ChairmanEmeritus,CPDM,IndianInstituteofScience,India Nayak, Shailesh, National Institute of Advanced Studies, India Nagahanumaiah, Central Manufacturing Technology Institute, India Pitroda, Sam, Former Chairman, National Innovation Council, India Prasad, Biren, Institute of Concurrent Engineering, USA Sivan, K., Indian Space Research Organisation, India Radhakrishnan, P., PSG Institute of Technology, India Rao, V. Bhujanga, National Institute of Advanced Studies, India Ray, Gaur G., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, India Ritzén, Sofia, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden Salour, Al, Boeing Company, USA Saxena, Raman, USID Foundation, India Sundaram, Lt. Gen. V. J., National Design and Research Forum, India Wood, Kristin L., Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore Conference and Programme Chair Chakrabarti, Amaresh, Indian Institute of Science, India Co-chairs Blessing, Lucienne, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore Chakrabarti, Debkumar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India Eynard, Benoît, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, France McAloone, Tim, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark Pereira, Luciana, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Brazil Prakash, Raghu, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India Nagai, Yukari, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Japan ConferenceOrganisation ix International Programme Committee Alberto, Rossa-Sierra, Universidad Panamericana, Mexico Allen, Janet, University of Oklahoma, USA Arora, Manish, Indian Institute of Science, India Basan, Robert, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rijeka, Croatia Bateman, John, University of Bremen, Germany Becattini, Niccolo, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Ben, Hicks, University of Bristol, UK Bertoni, Alessandro, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden Bertoni, Marco, Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden Bhat, Mehul, University of Bremen, Germany Biswas, Pradipta, Indian Institute of Science, India Blessing, Lucienne, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore Boda, Sruthi, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile Bokil, Prasad, IDC, IIT Bombay, India Bonvoisin, Jeremy, University of Bath, UK Bordegoni, Monica, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Borg, Jonathan, University of Malta, Malta Boris, Eisenbart, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Brown, Dave, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, USA Caple, David C., Australia Caillaud, Emmanuel, Universite de Strasbourg, France Campean, Felician, University of Bradford, UK Cascini, Gaetano, Politecnico di Milano, Italy Cash, Philip, DTU, Denmark Chakrabarti, Amaresh, Indian Institute of Science, India Chakrabarti, Debkumar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India Chalapathi Rao, Nori, Indian Institute of Science, India Chatterjee, Jayanta, IIT Kanpur, India Chen, Yong, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China Childs, Peter, Imperial College London, UK Christian, Marxt, ETH Zurich, Switzerland Chul, Jung, Seoul National University, South Korea Clarkson, John, University of Cambridge, UK Cluzel, Francois, CentraleSupelec, Universite Paris-Saclay, France Cok, Vanja, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Crilly, Nathan, University of Cambridge, UK Cruz, Paulo, University of Monho, Portugal Cugini, Umberto, Politecnico di Milano Culley, Steve, University of Bath, UK Dan, Pranab Kumar, IIT Kharagpur, India Das, Amarendra Kumar, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India de Bont, Cees, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong