Research and Technology Buildings: A Design Manual

235 Pages·2005·51.799 MB·English

by  Hardo Braun, Dieter Grömling (eds.)

f-bauinhalt-e 07.03.2005 20:35 Uhr Seite 1
RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY BUILDINGS – A DESIGN MANUAL
f-bauinhalt-e 07.03.2005 20:35 Uhr Seite 3
A DESIGN MANUAL
Research and Technology Buildings
Hardo Braun Contributions by
Dieter Grömling
Helmut Bleher
Hannelore Deubzer
Jürgen Eichler
Oswald W. Grube
Gerhard Hausladen and Hana Meindl
Manfred Hegger
Gunter Henn
Hans-U. Jaeger
Svante Pääbo
Kai L. Simons
Birkhäuser – Publishers for Architecture
Basel•Berlin•Boston
f-bauinhalt-e 07.03.2005 20:35 Uhr Seite 4
Project management, image and information research: Sieglinde Kermer, Munich
Translation: Jörn Frenzel, Berlin (edited by Caroline Behlen, Berlin)
Layout and cover design: Oliver Kleinschmidt,Berlin
Cover photograph: Manfred Seidl,Vienna
Lithography:Licht&Tiefe,Berlin
Printing:Medialis,Berlin
Every reasonable attempt has been made to identify the copyright owners of the pictures
reproduced in the book. Errors or omissions will be corrected in subsequent editions.
This book is also available in a German language edition
(ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-2173-4, ISBN-10: 3-7643-2173-3)
Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek
Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed
bibliographic data is available in the Internetathttp://dnb.ddb.de.
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress,
Washington D.C., USA
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations,
recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in other ways, and storage in data
banks. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner must be obtained.
©2005Birkhäuser–Publishers for Architecture, P.O.Box 133, CH-4010 Basel, Switzerland
Part of Springer Science+Business Media
Printed on acid-free paper produced from chlorine-free pulp. TCF (cid:39)
PrintedinGermany
ISBN-13: 978-3-7643-2174-1
ISBN-10: 3-7643-2174-1
www.birkhauser.ch
987654321
f-bauinhalt-e 07.03.2005 20:35 Uhr Seite 5
Principles of
Research and Technology Buildings
10
What is research?
Svante Pääbo
12
Research today
Gunter Henn
14
Research and research buildings: the example of Life Sciences
Kai L. Simons
16
Building culture: magic and identity of place
Hannelore Deubzer
21
The birth of the modern research building in the USA
Oswald W. Grube
28
Architecture and technical service systems: requirements for research buildings
Manfred Hegger
32
Laboratories in research buildings: main features and developments
Hardo Braun
37
Design parameters: location, use and typology
Dieter Grömling
53
The laboratory workplace
Jürgen Eichler
56
Energy
Gerhard Hausladen and Hana Meindl
58
Electrical power
Helmut Bleher
60
Air
Hans-U. Jaeger
f-bauinhalt-e 07.03.2005 20:35 Uhr Seite 6
Selection of Projects
Context Access Systems
SCIENCE CAMPUS URBAN LANDMARKS LARGE STRUCTURES COMB-LIKE SYSTEMS
66 86 108 120
Maersk McKinney Møller Institute Male Urological Cancer Computer Science and Headquarters of NeuroSearch A/S
for Production Technologies Research Centre Electrical Engineering Institutes, Henning Larsens Tegnestue A/S
Henning Larsens Tegnestue A/S Copping Lindsay Architects Graz University of Technology
Riegler Riewe Architekten ZT-Ges.m.b.H. 122
68 88 Institute for Chemistry and Lecture
Bourns Hall, Engineering Science Biosciences Building, 112 Building for Chemistry and Physics,
Building, University of California University of Liverpool Saitama Prefectural University Humboldt University of Berlin,
Anshen + Allen David Morley Architects Riken Yamamoto Adlershof Campus
Volker Staab Architekten
70 90 114
Institute of Physics, Life Sciences Complex, Technology Centre, 124
Humboldt University of Berlin, Ben Gurion University Rhine-Elbe Science Park Sciences Institute
Adlershof Campus Ada Karmi-Melamede & Partners Kiessler + Partner Architekten GmbH Heinle, Wischer und Partner
Augustin und Frank Architekten Freie Architekten
92 116 Krebs und Kiefer International
72 Centre for Information and Media La Ruche, Technocentre Renault
Max Planck Campus Tübingen Technology, Adlershof Science and Valode & Pistre Architectes 126
Fritsch + Tschaidse Architekten Technology Park Nokia Research Center
Architectenbureau cepezed b.v. Tuomo Siitonen and Esko Valkama,
74 Helin & Siitonen Architects
Institutes and Lecture Hall 94
for Biology and Chemistry, Parque Tecnológico IMPIVA
University of Rostock Carlos Ferrater, Carlos Bento, DOUBLE-LOADED SYSTEMS
Volker Staab Architekten Jaime Sanahuja
128
76 96 State Office
Fred Hutchinson Center for Biotechnology for Chemical Investigations
Cancer Research Center and Bioengineering Dipl.-Ing. Michael Weindel
Zimmer Gunsul Frasca Partnership Bohlin Cywinski Jackson Freier Architekt
78 98 130
Belfer Building for Molecular Max Bergmann Centre of Biomaterials Max Planck Institute of Biophysics
Genetics and Cancer Research, Brenner & Partner Auer + Weber + Architekten
Weizmann Campus Architekten und Ingenieure
Moshe Zur Architects Urbanists Brenner-Hammes-Krause 134
& Town Planners Fraunhofer Institute
100 for Manufacturing
82 Max Planck Institute and Advanced Materials
Laboratory Building for Evolutionary Anthropology Brenner & Partner
of Cologne University Hospital SSP Architekten Architekten und Ingenieure
Heinrich Wörner + stegepartner Schmidt-Schicketanz und Partner GmbH Brenner-Hammes-Krause
84 102 136
Centre for Cellular Max Planck Institute for Center of Advanced European Studies
and Biomolecular Research Infection Biology and and Research (CAESAR)
Behnisch, Behnisch & Partner Architekten German Arthritis Research Centre BMBW Architekten + Partner
with architectsAlliance Deubzer König Architekten
140
104 Fraunhofer Institute
Barcelona Botanical Institute for Applied Polymer Research
Carlos Ferrater, Joan Guibernau, Brenner & Partner
Elena Mateu Architekten und Ingenieure
Brenner-Hammes-Krause
142
Pharmacological Research Building,
Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma KG
sauerbruch hutton architekten
f-bauinhalt-e 07.03.2005 20:35 Uhr Seite 7
Communication Form Appendix
CORE SYSTEMS 168 FORM AND FUNCTION 230
Max Planck Institute for Project Data
144 Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics 196
Centre for Energy and Technology Heikkinen-Komonen Architects Berlin Electron Storage Ring BESSY II, 234
Knoche Architekten with Henn Architekten Adlershof Science and Technology Park Illustration Credits
Brenner & Partner
146 172 Architekten und Ingenieure 235
Molecular Sciences Building Donald Danforth Plant Science Center Brenner-Hammes-Krause Authors, Contributors
Anshen + Allen Nicholas Grimshaw & Partners
198 236
148 174 Nuclear Magnetic Resonant Instrument Index of Architects
CIBA-Geigy Life Sciences Building Graz Research Centre of the Laboratory, Peking University
Mitchell/Giurgola Architects, LLP Austrian Academy of Sciences Atelier Feichang Jianzhu 237
Architectenbureau cepezed b.v. Index of Buildings
150 200
Centre for Human Drug Research 176 Panta Rhei Research Centre 238
Architectenbureau cepezed b.v. Naito Chemistry Building for Lightweight Materials Index of Places
and Bauer Laboratory Building, kleyer.koblitz.architekten
152 Harvard University
Laboratory Building Ellenzweig Associates, Inc., Architects 202
for Medical Genome Research Degussa Construction Chemicals
Volker Staab Architekten 178 Competence Centre
Gifu Research Laboratories Raupach + Schurk Architekten
154 of Amano Enzyme Inc.
Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Kisho Kurokawa architect & associates
Imperial College Richard Rogers Partnership Japan Ltd. FORM AND SHAPE
Foster and Partners
180 206
AstraZeneca Research and Development Mercedes-Benz Design Center
TRIPLE-LOADED SYSTEMS Centre for Biology and Pharmacy Renzo Piano Building Workshop
Wingårdh Arkitektkontor AB with C. Kohlbecker
156
Biosciences Building, 182 210
Bundoora West Campus, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Schlumberger Cambridge
RMIT University Greifswald Branch Research Centre
John Wardle Architects Henn Architekten Michael Hopkins & Partners
158 186 212
BIOSTEIN Max Planck Institute Semperit Research Building
Agrobiological Research Centre for Chemical Ecology Najjar & Najjar Architekten
of Novartis Crop Protection AG BMBW Architekten + Partner
wilhelm und partner 214
Freie Architekten 190 Physics and Astronomy Laboratories,
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Leiden University
160 Technical University of Munich (EEA) Erick van Egeraat associated architects
Biological Sciences and Henn Architekten
Bioengineering Building, 218
Indian Institute of Technology 192 BASE Factory & Laboratory
Kanvinde Rai & Chowdhury James H. Clark Center, Architect 5 Partnership
Architects & Planners Stanford University
Foster and Partners 220
162 Research Station, University of Namibia
Southwest Bio-Tech Erhard Roxin Architects
Intermediate Test Base
Atelier Feichang Jianzhu 222
Centre for Photonics 1, Adlershof
164 Science and Technology Park
Engineering Research Center, sauerbruch hutton architekten
University of Cincinnati
Michael Graves & Associates 224
with KZF Inc. International Neuroscience Institute
SIAT GmbH
226
Van Andel Institute
Rafael Viñoly Architects PC
228
Research and Laboratory Building,
Beiersdorf AG
HHS Planer + Architekten AG
f-bau-ein-e 08.03.2005 0:51 Uhr Seite 8
f-bau-ein-e 08.03.2005 0:51 Uhr Seite 9
Principles
of Research
and Technology
Buildings
Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College, London, UK;
architects: Foster and Partners
f-bau-ein-e 08.03.2005 0:51 Uhr Seite 10
What is research?
SVANTE PÄÄBO
Research is more lifestyle than work. It is a lifestyle that tends to form a large part of a researcher’s life.
Particularly if belonging to the biomedical research community, researchers will spend much time in the
laboratory, in front of computer screens, or talking to colleagues. They experience recognition of their
achievements both through the joy of covering new ground as well as through the feedback of their col-
leagues. They feel strongly attached to their work and therefore are inclined to experience mood swings
according to the results of their research projects.
Research is teamwork. Teams are composed of scientists and technical assistants; however, the mem-
bers of a team might be pronounced individualists. Every scientist deals with projects partly alone, part-
ly in collaboration with others. This conflict between the team and the individual is a constant source of
stress even if its disturbing effects can be reduced to a minimum, as is the case in well-functioning
teams.
Research is a global phenomenon. The fruit of this work – knowledge – is common property basically
accessible to everyone on the planet. It is expected of scientists in most research fields not only to
change jobs during their career but also countries to gain international experience. Young ambitious sci-
entists and the established elite alike are extremely mobile and regard the entire industrialised world as
their potential job market.
Research is also competition. This fact sometimes leads to a frantic run to be the first to discover or
publish results. One can look at global research today as a Darwinist process: Those who find solutions
to the most important issues using the fastest and most efficient methods are the ones who are really
successful. However, fair competition between individual research teams is healthy and governed by pro-
fessional respect.
What characterises the most successful research teams that are setting the benchmark in this pro-
cess? They succeed in recruiting the best talents among students and on the international job market.
They are able to mobilise creativity and enthusiasm to get the best out of a team.
What are the crucial preconditions needed to achieve this? Beyond obvious attractors such as the sig-
nificance of a research project and a sound financial base, the most important factor for successful
teamwork is social interaction. The social structure of a team can either boost or hamper its creativity
and enthusiasm. The architecture of a research building potentially plays a positive and stimulating role
in achieving this.
Almost all scientific ideas are born out of communication between research colleagues. The exchange
of ideas is also indispensable for recognising the most viable and visionary ones among the many ideas
that form the ”raw material” of progress in a research team. Criticism and revision of scientific goals and
strategies ensure that dead-ends are identified and abandoned quickly. In this process social interaction
between all members of the team is essential. Communication – whether it happens among few or many
persons, or whether it is organised less or more formally – is the focal point of social life in a research
team. Hence, a research building has to provide ample spaces for conversations and meetings on all lev-
els of communication. This, for example, concerns ”open” seminar and meeting rooms that are situated
next to circulation routes in an institute or department. Accidental passers-by may get involved into con-
versations and share unexpected or novel points of view. Open plan office layouts encourage communica-
tion and are flexible enough to accommodate changing work procedures. Nonetheless, as in many other
areas of life, a mixed strategy is also desirable in this case: individual office cells – in combination with
open areas – provide a spatial or even intellectual enclosure that might be helpful for some employees or
research tasks.
Research challenges established knowledge. Taken in this sense, the nature of research is anti-author-
itarian. Hierarchic structures have to be avoided since they hamper creativity and keep doctrines from
being questioned. For example, research buildings should not suggest or even stipulate hierarchic struc-
tures by providing remote executive offices that can only be reached through an outer office.
10