Requirements Gathering aka Understanding the - WordPress.com PDF
Preview Requirements Gathering aka Understanding the - WordPress.com
Requirements Gathering aka Understanding the Problem plus a few words about prototyping From Whom to Learn Requirements • Start with your customer – but don’t stop there!! Customer is rarely the user • Go on to …… • Users – may be several categories • Stakeholders – all who are affected by the system, even if are not using it • Government rules and regs – Privacy, FERPA Methods • Interviews (in person) • Focus groups • Surveys (paper, on-line) • Review existing software or website • Observe others at work (ethnography) • Learn how to do it yourself • Review internal/external documents • Build rapid prototypes, get feedback Interviews • Structured – “Just the facts” – Efficient • Unstructured – A conversation – Inefficient • Semi-structured – start with focused questions, move to open- ended discussion – Good balance, typically most appropriate • Prepare in advance! – Questions – Knowledge level of interviewee • Computer knowledge • Domain knowledge • Organizational and usage role Introduction to HCI Interviews : Semi-Structured • Plan for effective question types – dependent on role of interviewee • How do you perform task x? • Why do you perform task x? • Under what conditions do you perform task x? • What do you do before you perform…? • What information do you need to…? • Whom do you need to communicate with …? • What do you use to…? • What happens after you…? • What is the result or consequence of…? • What is the result or consequence of NOT…? – See Gordon & Gill, 1992; Graesser, Lang, & Elofson, 1987 Introduction to HCI Other Typical Questions • Rank the importance of each of these tasks (give a list of tasks, which assumes familiarity with domain) • List the four most important tasks that you perform (this is an open question) • List the pieces of information you need to have before making a decision about X, in order of importance • Are there any other points you would like to make? (open-ended opinion question; good way to end) • Same questions can be used in interview and in questionnaire; difference is in follow-up opportunity Introduction to HCI Focus Groups • Group of individuals - 3 to 10 – Use several different groups with different roles or perspectives – And to separate the powerful from those who are not – Careful about few people dominating discussion • Use structured set of questions – More specific at beginning, more open as progresses – Allow digressions before coming back on track • Relatively low cost, quick way to learn a lot • Audio or video record, with permission Introduction to HCI Surveys/Questionnaires - Example • Seven-point Likert Scale (use odd #) Evaluation Questionnaire Please complete the following questionnaire by indicating how strongly you agree or disagree with the following statements. Your responses will be kept confidential and will be used only for improving the interface that you worked with in this experiment. 1. I felt that the computer agent’s help was worthwhile. 1-----2------3------4------5------6------7 Strongly Strongly Disagree Agree 2. I found the computer agent to be intrusive. 1-----2------3------4------5------6------7 Strongly Strongly Disagree Agree 3. I found the computer agent's help to be distracting. 1-----2------3------4------5------6------7 Strongly Strongly • Use non-leading que Dsisagtreie o n s Agree – Rephrase above to be non-leading • Five-point scale OK too • Google survey tool is great! Introduction to HCI Process • Can’t use all these methods • Pick ones that seem most appropriate and achievable • Make a plan, stick with it • One team member interfaces with customer – Reach out to customer NOW – Plan your customer interactions in advance – Give them lead time Results of Req’ts Gathering • User categories and characteristics • Constraints • Functionalities • Use Cases
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