Renewables Information 2017

488 Pages·04.59 MB·English

by  International Energy Agency

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R e n e w a b l e s
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2017
with 2016 data
INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCY
The International Energy Agency (IEA), an autonomous agency, was established in November 1974.
Its primary mandate was – and is – two-fold: to promote energy security amongst its member
countries through collective response to physical disruptions in oil supply, and provide authoritative
research and analysis on ways to ensure reliable, affordable and clean energy for its 29 member
countries and beyond. The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among
its member countries, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to 90 days of its net imports.
The Agency’s aims include the following objectives:
n Secure member countries’ access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy; in particular,
through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in case of oil supply disruptions.
n Promote sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental protection
in a global context – particularly in terms of reducing greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute
to climate change.
n Improve transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of
energy data.
n Support global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies
and mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy
efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies.
n Find solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and
dialogue with non-member countries, industry, international
organisations and other stakeholders.
IEA member countries:
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Canada
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Secure
Greece
Sustainable
Hungary Together
Ireland
Italy
Japan
Korea
Luxembourg
Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
Portugal
Slovak Republic
© OECD/IEA, 2017 Spain
International Energy Agency Sweden
Website: www.iea.org Switzerland
Turkey
United Kingdom
United States
Please note that this publication
is subject to specific restrictions
The European Commission
that limit its use and distribution.
The terms and conditions are also participates in
available online at www.iea.org/t&c/ the work of the IEA.
RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2017 edition) - iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. v
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN THE WORLD ................................................. vii
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND WASTE IN OECD COUNTRIES ..................................... x
PART I: EXPLANATORY NOTES
1. Definitions of products and flows ....................... I.3 3. Geographical coverage ...................................... I.15
2. Sources and notes.............................................. I.11 4. Energy conventions and units ........................... I.19
PART II: WORLD AND OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA
Table 1. World: Energy balance in 2015 ................................................................................................................ II.3
Table 2. OECD: Energy balance in 2015 ............................................................................................................... II.4
Table 3. World: Share of renewables in TPES in 2015 .......................................................................................... II.5
Table 4. World: Share of renewables in TFC in 2015 ............................................................................................ II.8
Table 5. OECD: Contribution of renewable energy sources to TPES .................................................................. II.11
Table 6. OECD: Contribution of renewable energy sources to TFC .................................................................... II.12
Table 7. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources ........................................................... II.13
Table 8. OECD: Share of electricity production from renewable sources excluding hydroelectricity ................ II.14
Table 9. OECD: Primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2015 .......................................................... II.15
Table 10. OECD: Provisional primary energy supply from renewable sources in 2016...................................... II.16
PART III: DETAILED OECD RENEWABLES AND WASTE DATA
OECD Total .......................................................... III.5 Israel .................................................................. III.205
OECD Americas .................................................. III.15 Italy .................................................................... III.215
OECD Asia Oceania ........................................... III.25 Japan .................................................................. III.225
OECD Europe ..................................................... III.35 Korea ................................................................. III.235
IEA Total ............................................................. III.45 Latvia ................................................................. III.245
Australia .............................................................. III.55 Luxembourg ...................................................... III.255
Austria ................................................................. III.65 Mexico ............................................................... III.265
Belgium ............................................................... III.75 Netherlands ........................................................ III.275
Canada ................................................................. III.85 New Zealand ...................................................... III.285
Chile .................................................................... III.95 Norway .............................................................. III.295
Czech Republic ................................................. III.105 Poland ................................................................ III.305
Denmark ............................................................ III.115 Portugal.............................................................. III.315
Estonia ............................................................... III.125 Slovak Republic ................................................. III.325
Finland .............................................................. III.135 Slovenia ............................................................. III.335
France ................................................................ III.145 Spain .................................................................. III.345
Germany ............................................................ III.155 Sweden .............................................................. III.355
Greece ............................................................... III.165 Switzerland ........................................................ III.365
Hungary ............................................................. III.175 Turkey................................................................ III.375
Iceland ............................................................... III.185 United Kingdom ................................................ III.385
Ireland ............................................................... III.195 United States ...................................................... III.395
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Country notes .................................................................................................................................................... III.405 01
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2017 edition) - v
INTRODUCTION
Renewables Information 2017 is the 16th edition of an Part II provides, in tabular form, a statistical overview
annual publication which provides sound market in- corresponding to key trends.
formation on renewable and waste energies to policy
Part III provides, in tabular form, a more detailed and
and market analysts, and those employed in all sectors
comprehensive picture of developments in renewables
of the renewables industry.
and waste for each OECD Member country, including
Monitoring and reporting of historical trends, as well the country notes, which information can help under-
as the current energy market situation, provides a standing the data.
strong foundation for policy and market analysis to
The OECD data shown in this publication are pri-
better inform the policy decision process towards pol-
marily based on the Annual Renewables and Waste
icy instruments that are best suited to meet domestic
Questionnaire submissions from OECD Member
and international objectives.
countries to the secretariat. The Energy Data Centre of
Renewables Information 2017 brings together in one the IEA secretariat works closely with national admin-
volume the basic statistics compiled by the IEA on istrations to ensure consistency in time series and with
renewables and waste. It covers production, trade, IEA product definitions and reporting conventions.
transformation to electricity and heat, final consump- The finalised data provide the basis for World Energy
tion and installed generating capacity from renewa- Balances.
bles and waste. This introduction is followed by im-
The non-OECD data are based upon information col-
portant information that will assist the reader in cor-
lected by the IEA secretariat, including via national
rectly using the data in this publication.
submissions to the United Nations and via national
The information is structured as follows:
energy publications. The resulting synthesis is pub-
Key trend provides an overview of developments in lished in World Energy Balances. Users of this publi-
the markets for renewables and waste in the world. cation are directed to the methodology sections of
The focus is given to OECD Member countries but it those publications for more detail on individual non-
also provides selected renewables indicators for non- member countries covered in the publication.
OECD countries.
A data service is available on the internet. It includes
Part I of the publication provides Explanatory notes: unlimited access through an annual subscription as well
1. Definitions as the possibility of obtaining data on a pay-per-view
basis. Details are available at http://data.iea.org.
2. Sources and notes
3. Geographical coverage1 In addition, all tables are available in our online data
service and on CD-ROM. Information on ordering the
4. Energy conventions and units
data services and other energy statistics publications is
available at the end of this book, and on the IEA web-
site at www.iea.org/statistics/.
1. This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over
any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries Further information on reporting methodologies is
and to the name of any territory, city or area. In this publication, 17
also available on the IEA website. 0
“country” refers to a country or a territory, as the case may be. 2
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vi - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2017 edition)
Data were collected by the team in the Energy Data and Arnaud Pincet under the responsibility of Céline
Centre (EDC) of the IEA secretariat, headed by Duncan Rouquette.
Millard. The IEA would like to thank and acknowledge
Vladimir Kubecek has the overall responsibility for
the dedication and professionalism of the statisticians
this report. The publication and its statistics were pro-
working on energy data in the countries. Within the
duced by DaeYong Kwon. Desktop publishing was
IEA, for OECD members: electricity, coal and renew-
carried out by Sharon Burghgraeve.
able data were prepared, respectively, by Mark Mateo,
Beatriz Martínez and DaeYong Kwon, under the re- Enquiries, comments and suggestions are welcome
sponsibility of Vladimir Kubecek; oil and natural gas and should be addressed to:
data were prepared, respectively, by Laura Thomson
RenewAQ
and Aitor Soler Garcia, under the responsibility of
Energy Data Centre
Erica Robin; balances data were prepared by Rémi
International Energy Agency
Gigoux, under the responsibility of Roberta Quadrelli.
31-35, rue de la Fédération
Non-OECD countries statistics were prepared by
75739 Paris Cedex 15, France
Emmanouil Christinakis, Laila El-Ashmawy, Musa
Erdogan, Markus Fager-Pintilä, Nikolaos Kordevas, Tel: [phone]
Agnieszka Koscielniak, Claire Morel, Klaus Pedersen E-mail: [email protected]

What’s new?
Latvia joining OECD
As Latvia became an OECD member in July 2016, Latvia appears in the list of OECD members and is included
in the zone aggregates, starting with the 2017 edition. Consequently, you can find data for Latvia in Part II and
Part III.
New data
In this edition, you can find new data showing hydro capacity broken down by size and type in Table 2 of
Part II.
In Table 3 of Part II, 5 year average of capacity factor has been added.

In the case you would like us to add some more or other information, please contact us at [email protected].

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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2017 edition) - vii
OVERVIEW OF RENEWABLES AND
WASTE IN THE WORLD
In 2015, world Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) Figure 2: 2015product shares in
world renewable energy supply
was 13,647 Mtoe, of which 13.4%, or 1,823 Mtoe (up
from 1,784 Mtoe in 2014), was from renewable ener- Liquid
biofuels
gy sources (Figure 1). Geothermal 4.3%
4.1%
Solar, Tide Renewable
Figure 1: 2015 fuel shares in 3.0% municipal
world total primary energy supply waste
0.9%
Wind Biofuels
Solid biofuels/
Other¹ 4.0% and waste charcoal
70.7%
0.3% 63.7%
Natural Nuclear Hydro
Gas 4.9% 2.5%
21.6% Hydro
18.3%
Biofuels Biogases
Oil Renewables and 1.7%
31.8% 13.4% waste
9.4% Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.
Coal

28.1%
Growth has been especially high for solar photo-
Solar, wind, voltaic and wind power, which grew at average annual
geoth., tide
rates of 45.5% and 24.0% respectively, both from
1.5%
very low bases in 1990. Biogases had the third highest
1. Other includes non-renewable wastes and other sources not
included elsewhere such as fuel cells. growth rate at 12.8%, followed by solar thermal
Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. (11.4%) and liquid biofuels (10.1%).
Due to its widespread non-commercial use in develop- Figure 3: Average annual growth rates of world
ing countries (i.e. residential heating and cooking), renewables supply from 1990 to 2015
solid biofuels/charcoal remains the largest renewable
50% Solar PV
energy source, representing 63.7% of global renewa- 45.5%
45%
bles supply (Figure 2). The second largest source is
40%
hydro power, which provides 2.5% of world TPES or
35%
18.3% of renewable energy supply. Geothermal, liq-
30% Wind
uid biofuels, biogases, solar, wind, and tide each hold 24.0%
25%
a smaller share making up the rest of the renewables
eSannin eacrvgee yr1 as9gu9ep0 pa, lnyrne.u naelw raabtele o fe n2e.0rg%y, wsohuircche sis hsalivgeh tglyro hwignh eart 1125050%%%% T1TP.o8Et%aRSl en2e.w0%ables B1io2g.a8s%es t 1h S 1e o .r 4lm a % ra l b1Lio0iqf.u1ue%idls t h 3G e . e1r mo% -alH2y.4d%ro Cbih1Soa.fo1urlc%eidols a/l
7
than the growth rate of world TPES, 1.8% (Figure 3). 1
0% 20
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viii - RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2017 edition)
The average annual growth rate of hydroelectric pow- major role when looking at “new” renewables, a
er in non-OECD countries between 1990 and 2015, loosely defined term used to delineate between tradi-
was 3.9%, much larger than the 0.6% growth in tional and more recent technologies used to produce
OECD countries. Growth in non-OECD was mainly renewable energy. In 2015, the OECD countries ac-
driven by China accounting for 63.8% of hydro power counted for 64.0% of world energy from solar, wind,
increase in non-OECD countries. China showed 9.1%
tide, renewable municipal waste, biogases and liquid
of growth rate between 1990 and 2015. Viet Nam and
biofuels, whilst Africa represented 0.4%, 9.4% for
Mozambique are the other main contributors to the
Non-OECD Americas, 5.0% for Asia excluding China,
high growth rate, with average annual growth rates of
and 20.1% for China.
9.8% and 17.8% respectively.
Figure 5: 2015 shares of renewables of
In 2015, non-OECD countries accounted for 64.5% of
regional total primary energy supply
total hydro power and any further increase is likely to
60%
be from these countries, as most of the remaining
49.8%
hydro potential resides in these countries. 50%
Non-OECD countries also account for most of the 40%
production of solid biofuels. In 2015, 83.7% was pro- 29.6%
duced and consumed in non-OECD countries, where 30% 25.0%
developing countries, situated mainly in Asia and
20%
Africa, use non-commercial biomass for residential
8.4%
cooking and heating (Figure 4). Africa, which ac- 10% 9.6%
4.1%
counted for only 5.8% of the world’s total TPES in 0.4%
0%
2015, accounted for 32.4% of the world’s solid bio- OECD Africa Non-OECD Asia China Non-OECD Middle
Total Americas excluding Europe and East
fuels supply. China Eurasia

Figure 4: 2015 regional shares
in renewables supply About half of the renewable primary energy supply in
Solid Biofuels Hydro¹ OECD countries is used in the transformation sector
to generate electricity and sold heat. However, on a
Non-OECD
Europe Middle Non-OECD Middle global level a majority of renewables is consumed in
and East Europe East
E1u.r5a%sia 0.1% OTEoCtaDl Euarnads ia 0.5% OTEoCtaDl tt ohres .r eAsgidaeinn,t itahli, s cios ma mcoenrcsieaql uaenndc e poufb wlicid esesprvreicaeds ssoelcid-
China 16.3% 7.4% 35.5%
8.5% biofuels use in the residential sector of developing
China countries. In fact, globally 35.1% of renewables are
28.7%
used for electricity production and heat production
worldwide, while 45.0% are used in the residential,
commercial and public sectors (Figure 6).

Asia Africa
e x3Cc2hlu.i3nd%ain g NAomn-eOriEcaCsD 3A2fr.4ic%a exCcAlhusinidaian g NAomn-eOriEcaCsD 3 . 1 % Figure 6: 2015 owfo rrelnde sweacbtolersa l consumption
8.9% 8.2% 16.6%
1. Excludes pump storage generation. Electricity
plants
Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. Residential/ 31.8%
Comm. &
Public²
Largely because of their use of non-commercial solid 45.0%
biofuels, non-OECD countries are the principal renewa- Combined
heat & power
ble energy users, accounting for 72.3% of world total plants
2.9%
renewables supply. On the other hand, while OECD
Heat plants
countries supply 27.7% of world renewables, they 0.5%
constitute 38.5% of the world TPES. In OECD coun- Transport Industry Other¹
tries the share of renewables in total energy supply is 4.2% 10.2% 5.5%
9.6% compared to 49.8% in Africa, 29.6% in Non- 1. Other transformation, energy industry own use, losses.
2. Includes the Agriculture/ forestry, fishing and non-specified
OECD Americas, 25.0% in Asia excluding China
industries. 7
1
(Figure 5). However, the OECD countries play a Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding. 20
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RENEWABLES INFORMATION (2017 edition) - ix
Renewables were the third largest contributor to glob- Over this period, hydroelectric power saw its share of
al electricity production in 2015. They accounted for total world electricity production fall from 18.1% in
22.8% of world electricity generation, after coal 1990 to 16.0% in 2015. Taking out hydroelectricity
(39.3%) and gas (22.9%) and ahead of nuclear from renewables, the share of the remaining renewa-
(10.6%) and oil (4.1%). However, the relative position ble sources used to produce electricity grew from
of renewables and gas can be influenced by various 1.3% in 1990 to 6.8% in 2015.
factors among which the weather conditions play
prime role. Figure 7: Fuel shares in
world electricity production in 2015
Hydroelectricity supplies the vast majority of renewa-
ble electricity, generating 16.0% of world electricity,
Other¹
which is 70.3% of total renewable electricity, whilst 0.3%
biofuels and waste, including solid biofuels, play a
minor role in electricity generation, supplying 1.9% of Natural Nuclear
Oil Gas 10.6%
world electricity. Although growing rapidly, geother- 4.1% 22.9% Hydro
mal, solar, wind and tide energies accounted for only 16.0%
Renewables
4.8% of world electricity production, 21.2% of total 22.8%
renewable electricity in 2015. Biofuels and
waste
Coal
Since 1990, renewable electricity generation world- 39.3% 1.9%
wide grew on average by 3.6% per annum, which is Solar, wind,
geoth., tide
slightly faster than the total electricity generation 4.8%
growth rate (2.9%). So whilst 19.4% of global
1. Other includes electricity from non-renewable wastes and other
electricity in 1990 was produced from renewable sources not included elsewhere such as fuel cells and chemical heat, etc.
sources, this share has increased to 22.8% in 2015. Note: Totals in graphs might not add up due to rounding.

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