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Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle PDF

577 Pages·2014·39.596 MB·English
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Geophysical Monograph 206 Geophysical Monograph Series 168 Earth’s Deep Water Cycle Steven D. Jacobsen and 187 Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Processes Corinne Suzan van der Lee (Eds.) Le Quèrè and Eric S. Saltzman (Eds.) 169 Magnetospheric ULF Waves: Synthesis and 188 Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow Spreading New Directions Kazue Takahashi, Peter J. Chi, Ocean Ridges Peter A. Rona, Colin W. Devey, Jérôme Richard E. Denton, and Robert L. Lysak (Eds.) Dyment, and Bramley J. Murton (Eds.) 170 Earthquakes: Radiated Energy and the Physics of 189 C limate Dynamics: Why Does Climate Vary? De-Zheng Faulting Rachel Abercrombie, Art McGarr, Hiroo Sun and Frank Bryan (Eds.) Kanamori, and Giulio Di Toro (Eds.) 190 The Stratosphere: Dynamics, Transport, 171 Subsurface Hydrology: Data Integration for Properties and Chemistry L. M. Polvani, A. H. Sobel, and and Processes David W. Hyndman, Frederick D. W. Waugh (Eds.) D. Day-Lewis, and Kamini Singha (Eds.) 191 Rainfall: State of the Science Firat Y. Testik and 172 Volcanism and Subduction: The Kamchatka Region Mekonnen Gebremichael (Eds.) John Eichelberger, Evgenii Gordeev, Minoru Kasahara, 192 Antarctic Subglacial Aquatic Environments Martin Pavel Izbekov, and Johnathan Lees (Eds.) J. Siegert, Mahlon C. Kennicut II, and Robert A. 173 Ocean Circulation: Mechanisms and Impacts—Past Bindschadler and Future Changes of Meridional Overturning 193 Abrupt Climate Change: Mechanisms, Patterns, and Andreas Schmittner, John C. H. Chiang, and Sidney Impacts Harunur Rashid, Leonid Polyak, and Ellen R. Hemming (Eds.) Mosley-Thompson (Eds.) 174 Post-Perovskite: The Last Mantle Phase Transition Kei 194 Stream Restoration in Dynamic Fluvial Systems: Hirose, John Brodholt, Thorne Lay, and David Yuen Scientific Approaches, Analyses, and Tools Andrew (Eds.) Simon, Sean J. Bennett, and Janine M. Castro (Eds.) 175 A Continental Plate Boundary: Tectonics at South 195 Monitoring and Modeling the Deepwater Horizon Island, New Zealand David Okaya, Tim Stem, Oil Spill: A Record-Breaking Enterprise Yonggang and Fred Davey (Eds.) Liu, Amy MacFadyen, Zhen-Gang Ji, and Robert H. 176 Exploring Venus as a Terrestrial Planet Larry W. Weisberg (Eds.) Esposito, Ellen R. Stofan, and Thomas E. Cravens (Eds.) 196 Extreme Events and Natural Hazards: The Complexity 177 Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime Matthew Hecht Perspective A. Surjalal Sharma, Armin Bunde, Vijay and Hiroyasu Hasumi (Eds.) P. Dimri, and Daniel N. Baker (Eds.) 178 Magma to Microbe: Modeling Hydrothermal 197 Auroral Phenomenology and Magnetospheric Processes at Oceanic Spreading Centers Robert P. Processes: Earth and Other Planets Andreas Keiling, Lowell, Jeffrey S. Seewald, Anna Metaxas, and Michael Eric Donovan, Fran Bagenal, and Tomas R. Perfit (Eds.) Karlsson (Eds.) 179 Active Tectonics and Seismic Potential of Alaska Jeffrey 198 Climates, Landscapes, and Civilizations Liviu Giosan, T. Freymueller, Peter J. Haeussler, Robert L. Wesson, Dorian Q. Fuller, Kathleen Nicoll, Rowan K. Flad, and and Göran Ekström (Eds.) Peter D. Clift (Eds.) 180 Arctic Sea Ice Decline: Observations, Projections, 199 Dynamics of the Earth’s Radiation Belts and Inner Mechanisms, and Implications Eric T. DeWeaver, Magnetosphere Danny Summers, Ian R. Mann, Daniel Cecilia M. Bitz, and L.-Bruno Tremblay (Eds.) N. Baker, Michael Schulz (Eds.) 181 Midlatitude Ionospheric Dynamics and Disturbances 200 Lagrangian Modeling of the Atmosphere John Lin (Ed.) Paul M. Kintner, Jr., Anthea J. Coster, Tim Fuller-Rowell, 201 Modeling the Ionosphere-Thermosphere Jospeh D. Anthony J. Mannucci, Michael Mendillo, and Roderick Huba, Robert W. Schunk, and George V Khazanov Heelis (Eds.) (Eds.) 182 The Stromboli Volcano: An Integrated Study of 202 The Mediterranean Sea: Temporal Variability and the 2002–2003 Eruption Sonia Calvari, Salvatore Spatial Patterns Gian Luca Eusebi Borzelli, Miroslav Inguaggiato, Giuseppe Puglisi, Maurizio Ripepe, GaCiC, Piero Lionello and Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli and Mauro Rosi (Eds.) (Eds.) 183 Carbon Sequestration and Its Role in the Global Carbon 203 Future Earth: Advancing Civic Understanding Of the Cycle Brian J. McPherson and Eric T. Sundquist (Eds.) Anthropocene Diana Dalbotten, Gillian Roehrig and 184 Carbon Cycling in Northern Peatlands Andrew J. Baird, Patrick Hamilton (Eds.) Lisa R. Belyea, Xavier Comas, A. S. Reeve, and Lee D. 204 The Galápagos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Slater (Eds.) Sciences Karen S. Harpp, Eric Mittelstaedt, Noémi 185 Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and d’Ozouville, David W. Graham (Eds.) Ecological Variability Jerry D. Wiggert, Raleigh R. Hood, 205 Modeling Atmospheric and Oceanic Flows: Insights S. Wajih A. Naqvi, Kenneth H. Brink, and Sharon L. from Laboratory Experiments and Numerical Smith (Eds.) Simulations Thomas von Larcher, Paul D. Williams 186 Amazonia and Global Change Michael Keller, Mercedes (Eds.) Bustamante, John Gash, and Pedro Silva Dias (Eds.) Geophysical Monograph 206 Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle Venkat Lakshmi Douglas Alsdorf Martha Anderson Sylvain Biancamaria Michael Cosh Jared Entin George Huffman William Kustas Peter van Oevelen Thomas Painter Juraj Parajka Matthew Rodell Christoph Rüdiger Editors This work is a co-publication between the American Geophysical Union & John Wiley & Sons, Inc. This work is a co-publication between the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published under the aegis of the AGU Publications Committee Brooks Hanson, Director of Publications Robert van der Hilst, Chair, Publications Committee Richard Blakely, Vice Chair, Publications Committee © 2015 by the American Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009 For details about the American Geophysical Union, see www.agu.org. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. ISBN: 978-1-118-87203-1 Images clockwise from top left: 1. View of Mt Breckenridge across Harrison Lake, BC, Canada (2011). 2. Polarization Ratio derived from NASA’s Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR; flown on board Nimbus-7) C-band data over Eurasia and Africa (1985). 3. Dried up ephemeral flood plain in the western Simpson Desert, SA, Australia (2004). 4. Ascending swath of brightness temperature data from ESA’s Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission over Central Asia (2010). The quadriptych shows the various aspects of the terrestrial water cycle, represented through the data and photos from the inhabited continents of the Earth from the western to the eastern hemispheres. From left to right those are : 1. the open water bodies, snow and atmospheric water vapour (the Americas); 2. vegetation water content as detected through the polarization ratio (Eurasia and Africa); 3. resilient vegetation in arid zones (Australia); and 4. soil moisture, vegetation, and RFI signals in raw brightness temperature data (Asia). The two photos also frame the entire globe with their hydrological extremes: saturated water conditions against the dryness in the extreme arid zones of this world. Printed in United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Contributors ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ix Preface Venkat Lakshmi, Douglas Alsdorf, Martha Anderson, Sylvain Biancamaria, Michael H. Cosh, Jared Entin, George J. Huffman, William Kustas, Peter van Oevelen, Thomas H. Painter, Juraj Parajka, Matthew Rodell, and Christoph Rüdiger ...........................................................................................xvii Section I: Precipitation ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 1. Rain/No-Rain Classification Using Passive Microwave Radiometers J. Indu and D. Nagesh Kumar .........................................................................................................................3 2. Improvement of TMI Rain Retrieval Over the Indian Subcontinent Shoichi Shige, Munehisa K. Yamamoto, and Aina Taniguchi ..........................................................................27 3. Integrating Information from Satellite Observations and Numerical Models for Improved Global Precipitation Analyses: Exploring for an Optimal Strategy Pingping Xie and Robert J. Joyce �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������43 4. Research Framework to Bridge from the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission Core Satellite to the Constellation Sensors Using Ground-Radar-Based National Mosaic QPE Pierre-Emmanuel Kirstetter, Yang Hong, Jonathan J. Gourley, Qing Cao, M. Schwaller, and W. Petersen ���������61 Section II: Evapotranspiration �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������81 5. Estimating Regional Evapotranspiration Using a Three-Temperature Model and MODIS Products Yu Jiu Xiong, Guo Yu Qiu, Shao Hua Zhao, and Fei Tian �������������������������������������������������������������������������������83 6. Water Use and Stream-Aquifer-Phreatophyte Interaction Along a Tamarisk-Dominated Segment of the Lower Colorado River Saleh Taghvaeian, Christopher M.U. Neale, John Osterberg, Subramania I. Sritharan, and Doyle R. Watts ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������95 Section III: Surface Water �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������115 7. Controls of Terrestrial Water Storage Changes Over the Central Congo Basin Determined by Integrating PALSAR ScanSAR, Envisat Altimetry, and GRACE Data Hyongki Lee, Hahn Chul Jung, Ting Yuan, R. Edward Beighley, and Jianbin Duan ���������������������������������������117 8. Spatial Patterns of River Width in the Yukon River Basin Tamlin M. Pavelsky, George H. Allen, and Zachary F. Miller ........................................................................131 9. Near-Nadir Ka-band Field Observations of Freshwater Bodies Delwyn Moller and Daniel Esteban-Fernandez �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������143 Section IV: Snow �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������157 10. Snow Cover Depletion Curves and Snow Water Equivalent Reconstruction: Six Decades of Hydrologic Remote Sensing Applications Noah P. Molotch, Michael T. Durand, Bin Guan, Steven A. Margulis, and Robert E. Davis ��������������������������159 v vi Contents 11. Retrieval and Validation of VIIRS Snow Cover Information for Terrestrial Water Cycle Applications Igor Appel ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������175 12. Seeing the Snow Through the Trees: Toward a Validated Canopy Adjustment for Satellite Snow-Covered Area Lexi P� Coons, Anne W� Nolin, Kelly E� Gleason, Eugene J� Mar, Karl Rittger, Travis R� Roth, and Thomas H� Painter ........................................................................................................199 13. Passive Microwave Remote Sensing of Snowmelt and Melt-Refreeze Using Diurnal Amplitude Variations Kathryn Alese Semmens, Joan Ramage, Jeremy D� Apgar, Katrina E� Bennett, Glen E� Liston, and Elias Deeb ...........................................................................................................................................215 14. Changes in Snowpacks of Canadian Prairies for 1979–2004 Detected from Snow Water Equivalent Data of SMMR and SSM/I Passive Microwave and Related Climatic Factors Thian Yew Gan, Roger G� Barry, and Adam K� Gobena ...............................................................................227 Section V: Soil Moisture ....................................................................................................................245 15. Some Issues in Validating Satellite-Based Soil Moisture Retrievals from SMAP with in Situ Observations Thomas J� Jackson, Michael Cosh, and Wade Crow�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������247 16. Soil Moisture Retrieval from Microwave (RADARSAT-2) and Optical Remote Sensing (MODIS) Data Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques Nasreen Jahan and Thian Yew Gan ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������255 17. AMSR-E Soil Moisture Disaggregation Using MODIS and NLDAS Data Bin Fang and Venkat Lakshmi ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������277 18. Assessing Near-Surface Soil Moisture Assimilation Impacts on Modeled Root-Zone Moisture for an Australian Agricultural Landscape R� C� Pipunic, D� Ryu, and J� P� Walker .........................................................................................................305 19. Assimilation of Satellite Soil Moisture Retrievals into Hydrologic Model for Improving River Discharge Feyera A� Hirpa, Mekonnen Gebremichael, Thomas M� Hopson, Rafal Wojick, and Haksu Lee ...................319 20. NASA Giovanni: A Tool for Visualizing, Analyzing, and Intercomparing Soil Moisture Data William Teng, Hualan Rui, Bruce Vollmer, Richard de Jeu, Fan Fang, Guang-Dih Lei, and Robert Parinussa .................................................................................................................................331 Section VI: Groundwater ...................................................................................................................347 21. Monitoring Aquifer Depletion from Space: Case Studies from the Saharan and Arabian Aquifers Mohamed Sultan, Mohamed Ahmed, John Wahr, Eugene Yan, and Mustafa Kemal Emil ..............................349 22. Dominant Patterns of Water Storage Changes in the Nile Basin During 2003–2013 J� L� Awange, E� Forootan, K� Fleming, and G� Odhiambo ............................................................................367 23. Use of Multifrequency Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) to Support Regional-Scale Groundwater Potential Maps Gregory S� Babonis and Matthew W� Becker ..............................................................................................383 Contents vii 24. Monitoring Subsidence Associated with Groundwater Dynamics in the Central Valley of California Using Interferometric Radar Tom G. Farr and Zhen Liu ..........................................................................................................................397 Section VII: Data and Modeling ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������407 25. NLDAS Views of North American 2011 Extreme Events Hualan Rui, Bill Teng, Bruce Vollmer, David Mocko, and Guang-Dih Lei �����������������������������������������������������409 26. Growth Studies of Mytilus californianus Using Satellite Surface Temperatures and Chlorophyll Data for Coastal Oregon Jessica R. Price and Venkat Lakshmi ............................................................................................................427 27. Impact of Assimilating Spaceborne Microwave Signals for Improving Hydrological Prediction in Ungauged Basins Yu Zhang, Yang Hong, Jonathan J. Gourley, Xuguang Wang, G. Robert Brakenridge, Tom De Groeve, and Humberto Vergara ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������439 28. Application of High-Resolution Images from Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Watershed and Rangeland Science A. Rango, E. R. Vivoni, C. A. Anderson, N. A. Pierini, A. Schreiner-McGraw, S. Saripalli, A. Slaughter, and A. S. Laliberte ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������451 29. Simulation of Water Balance Components in a Watershed Located in Central Drainage Basin of Iran Ammar Rafiei Emam, Martin Kappas, and Karim C. Abbaspour ������������������������������������������������������������������463 30. Estimating Water Use Efficiency in Bioenergy Ecosystems Using a Process-Based Model Zhangcai Qin and Qianlai Zhuang �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������479 31. Watershed Reanalysis of Water and Carbon Cycle Models at a Critical Zone Observatory Xuan Yu, Christopher Duffy, Jason Kaye, Wade Crow, Gopal Bhatt, and Yuning Shi �������������������������������������493 32. Challenges for Observing and Modeling the Global Water Cycle Kevin E. Trenberth ......................................................................................................................................511 33. Integrated Assessment System Using Process-Based Eco-Hydrology Model for Adaptation Strategy and Effective Water Resources Management Tadanobu Nakayama .................................................................................................................................521 Index ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������537

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