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Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Science and Technology PDF

465 Pages·1983·17.923 MB·English
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Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Science and Technology NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemation of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical D. Reidel Publishing Company and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and Lancaster D Behavioural and Social Sciences Martinus Nijhoff Publishers E Engineering and The Hague, Boston and Lancaster Materials Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer Verlag G Ecological Sciences Heidelberg Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences No. 106 Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Science and Technology edited by Arthur P. Cracknell Carnegie Laboratory of Physics, University of Dundee, Scotland, U.K. D. Reidel Publishing Company Dordrecht / Boston / Lancaster Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Science and Technology Dundee, Scotland 1-21 August, 1982 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Study Institute (1982 : Dundee, Tayside) Remote sensing applications in marine science and technology. (NATO ASI series. Series C, Mathematical and physical sciences; no. 106) Includes index. 1. Oceanography-Remote senSing-Congresses. I. Cracknell, Arthur P. II. Title. III. Series. GC10.4.R4N37 1982 551.46'0028 83-9475 ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7165-3 e-ISBN-13: 978-94-009-7163-9 001: 10.1007/978-94-009-7163-9 This summer school was co-sponsored by: British Tourist Authority Council of Europe European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories European Space Agency Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company PO. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, MA 02043, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, PO. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland D. Reidel Publishing Company is a member of the Kluwer Academic Publishers Group All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland. and copyrightholders as specified on appropriate pages within. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1983 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any informational storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. ORGANISATION Organising Committee Professor A.P. Cracknell, Director Dr. W.M. Young, Secretary Dr. R.K. Bullard Mr. D.D. Hardy Professor G. ~strem Dr. B.E. Storey (Accommodation) Dr. A.O. Tooke (Social Programme) Mr. G.R. Whyte (Technical Arrangements) Demonstrating, Secretarial and Technical Assistance Mr. K.J. Arbuthnott Mr. I.M. Ballingall Mrs. M.M. Bulloch Dr. J.A. Charlton Mr. I. Durajczyk Mr. G. Dutch Miss C.L. Eggie Mr. M.G. Flynn Mrs. B. Johnston Mr. J.N. Low Mr. K.G. Miller Miss P.M. Mitchell Mr. K. Muirhead Mrs. K.M. Payne Mr. W.A. Reekie Miss A.M. Shivers Mr. S.B. Wilson v Reid Langot Hansen Valeur Alves Sun Nyfors Calmet Demarcq Lawrence Shivers Payne Flikke 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 4444444555555 0 ) . s r e 0 M ( 4J fj ~~~r&e 80 Maracci Safak Jayko Nilsen Offiler Gaspar Font Uysal Nacu Quader Lin Da SilvaLambert Bowyer i@ ~f / G 9. 0. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. l. 2. \~ ® 23333333333444 ~ € § e @ @ ~ § ® 8~ 0 ~@9 @ ~@§~~@)@® 0Gj Kurter Economides Macedo Charmasson Taccini Sengele Muirhead McFarlane Miskolczi Wilson Magnin McHardy Clement Lacey ~ e 8 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. @ @ 11111222222222 8 0 h t a a n n h Jolly Storey Tooke Offiler Bullard SathyendraCracknell Wyatt Yentsch Young MuralikrisSingh Scharfen Stott l. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 0. l. 2. 3. 4. 1l111 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface l. J.R. Apel Remote Measurement of the Ocean - An Overview 1 2. B.H. Needham NOAA's Activities in the Field of Marine Remote Sensing 17 3. P.E. Baylis University of Dundee Satellite Data Reception and Archiving Facility 29 4. A.P. Cracknell Data Acquisition and Quality 35 5. G. Paci and Status and Future Plans for the A. de Leffe First European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-l 67 6. P. Haber~cker Digital Image Processing 83 7. B. Sturm Selected Topics of Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) Data Evaluation 137 8. D. Offiler Surface Wind Vector Measurements from Satellites 169 9. L. Wyatt The Measurement of Oceanographic Parameters using Dekametric Radar 183 10. R.E. Leader and J.B. Jolly Remote Sensing v~a Meteor Trails 207 11. J.M. Anderson The Use of an Aerial Infrared and S.B. Wilson Survey in Identifying Roof Structures of High "u" Value in an Extensive Building Complex 219 12. S.M. Singh and Sea Surface Temperatures from D.E. Warren Infrared Measurements 231 13. C. S. Yentsch Remote Sensing of Biological Substances 263 14. LV. Murali- Ocean Color Studies ~n Arabian krishna Sea 299 x TABLE OF CONTENTS 15. I.V. Murali LANDSAT Application to Suspended krishna Sediments Evaluation 317 16. S. Sathyendranath Light Emerging from the Sea - and A. Morel Interpretation and Uses in Remote Sensing 323 17. R.K. Bullard Land into Sea Does Not Go 359 18. R.K. Bullard Detection of Marine Contours from LANDSAT Film and Tape 373 19. C. Valerio Airborne Remote Sensing and Experiments with Fluorescent Tracers 383 20. T.D. Allan Oceanography from Space 409 Index 435 Colour Section 449 List of Participants 457 PREFACE This summer school was a sequel to the summer school on Remote Sensing in Meteorology, Oceanography and Hydrology which was held in Dundee in 1980 and the proceedings of which were published by Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, England. At the present summer scnool we concentrated on only part of the subject area that was covered in 1980. Although there was some repetit ion of material that was presented in 1980, because by and large we had a new set of participants, most subjects were treated in considerably greater detail than had been possible previously. The major topics covered in the present summer school were (i) the general principles of remote sensing with particular reference to marine applications, (ii) applications to physical oceanography, (iii) marine resources applications and (iv) coastal monitoring and protection. The material contained in this volume represents the written texts of most of the lectures presented at the summer school. One important set of lecture notes was not available; this was for the lectures on active microwave techniques, principally synthetic aperture radar, by W. Alpers from Hamburg. For this material we would refer the reader to "Imaging Ocean Surface Waves by Synthetic Aperture Radar - A Review" by W. Alpers,which is to appear as chapter 6 in "Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing" edited by T.D. Allan (Ellis Horwood, Chichester) which is to be published in 1983. This summer school was part of a continuing programme of activities in postgraduate education and training in remote sensing undertaken by the European Association of Remote Sensing Laporatories, with stimulation from an initiative taken by the Council of Europe. This activity was described in some detail in the Foreword to the proceedings of our 1980 summer school. In addition to the main financial support received from NATO, additional financial support was also received from the British Tourist Authority, the Council of Europe, the European Association of Remote Sensing Laboratories and the European Space Agency. The University of Dundee also contributed in kind, in numerous ways, to the success of the summer school. I am enormously grateful to all those colleagues for all the tremendous hard work and enthusiasm that they put into handling all aspects of the organisation of the summer school. I am also grateful to those who have assisted technically in the preparation of copy for these proceedings, especially Mrs. M. Bulloch who has typed the prelims and index and retyped one or two chapters, to Miss M.M. Benstead who has redrawn many of the very poor diagrams that were submitted and to Mrs. K.M. Payne who has compiled the index. xi A. P. Cracknell (ed.). Remote Sensing Applications in Marine Science and Technology, xi-xii. Copyright © 1983 by D. Reidel Publishing Company.

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