Table Of ContentReliability Engineering
Advanced Research in Reliability and System Assurance Engineering
Series Editor: Mangey Ram, Professor, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University),
Dehradun, India
Reliability Engineering
Modeling and Simulation Based Analysis in Reliability Engineering
Edited by Mangey Ram Methods and Applications
Reliability Engineering
Theory and Applications
Edited by Ilia Vonta and Mangey Ram
System Reliability Management
Solutions and Technologies
Edited by Adarsh Anand and Mangey Ram
Reliability Engineering
Methods and Applications
Edited by Mangey Ram
Edited by
Mangey Ram
For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.crcpress.com/
Reliability-Engineering-Theory-and-Applications/Vonta-Ram/p/book/9780815355175
Reliability Engineering
Methods and Applications
Edited by
Mangey Ram
CRC Press
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© 2020 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed on acid-free paper
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-59385-5 (Hardback)
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CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Ram, Mangey, editor.
Title: Reliability engineering : methods and applications / edited by Mangey Ram.
Other titles: Reliability engineering (CRC Press : 2019)
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.
Series: Advanced research in reliability and system assurance engineering | Includes
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019023663 (print) | LCCN 2019023664 (ebook) | ISBN
9781138593855 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429488009 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Reliability (Engineering)
Classification: LCC TA169 .R439522 2019 (print) | LCC TA169 (ebook) | DDC
620/.00452--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019023663
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
CRC Press Acknowledgments .....................................................................................................ix
Taylor & Francis Group Editor ........................................................................................................................xi
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xiii
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2020 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Chapter 1 Preventive Maintenance Modeling: State of the Art ............................1
No claim to original U.S. Government works Sylwia Werbińska-Wojciechowska
Printed on acid-free paper
Chapter 2 Inspection Maintenance Modeling for Technical Systems:
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-138-59385-5 (Hardback)
An Overview ......................................................................................41
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts
have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume Sylwia Werbińska-Wojciechowska
responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers
have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize
to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material Chapter 3 Application of Stochastic Processes in Degradation Modeling:
has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. An Overview ......................................................................................79
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, trans- Shah Limon, Ameneh Forouzandeh Shahraki,
mitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereaf-
and Om Prakash Yadav
ter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright. Chapter 4 Building a Semi-automatic Design for Reliability Survey with
com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Semantic Pattern Recognition ..........................................................107
Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and
registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the Christian Spreafico and Davide Russo
CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
Chapter 5 Markov Chains and Stochastic Petri Nets for Availability and
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Reliability Modeling ........................................................................127
Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data Paulo Romero Martins Maciel, Jamilson Ramalho Dantas,
Names: Ram, Mangey, editor. and Rubens de Souza Matos Júnior
Title: Reliability engineering : methods and applications / edited by Mangey Ram.
Other titles: Reliability engineering (CRC Press : 2019)
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. Chapter 6 An Overview of Fault Tree Analysis and Its Application in Dual
Series: Advanced research in reliability and system assurance engineering | Includes Purposed Cask Reliability in an Accident Scenario ........................153
bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2019023663 (print) | LCCN 2019023664 (ebook) | ISBN Maritza Rodriguez Gual, Rogerio Pimenta Morão, Luiz
9781138593855 (hardback) | ISBN 9780429488009 (ebook)
Leite da Silva, Edson Ribeiro, Claudio Cunha Lopes,
Subjects: LCSH: Reliability (Engineering)
Classification: LCC TA169 .R439522 2019 (print) | LCC TA169 (ebook) | DDC and Vagner de Oliveira
620/.00452--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019023663
Chapter 7 An Overview on Failure Rates in Maintenance Policies .................165
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at Xufeng Zhao and Toshio Nakagawa
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
v
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Accelerated Life Tests with Competing Failure Modes:
An Overview ....................................................................................197
Kanchan Jain and Preeti Wanti Srivastava
Chapter 9 European Reliability Standards .......................................................223
Miguel Angel Navas, Carlos Sancho, and Jose Carpio
Chapter 10 Time-Variant Reliability Analysis Methods for Dynamic
Structures .........................................................................................259
Zhonglai Wang and Shui Yu
Chapter 11 Latent Variable Models in Reliability ..............................................281
Laurent Bordes
Chapter 12 Expanded Failure Modes and Effects Analysis: A Different
Approach for System Reliability Assessment ..................................305
Perdomo Ojeda Manuel, Rivero Oliva Jesús, and Salomón
Llanes Jesús
Chapter 13 Reliability Assessment and Probabilistic Data Analysis of
Vehicle Components and Systems ....................................................337
Zhigang Wei
Chapter 14 Maintenance Policy Analysis of a Marine Power Generating
Multi-state System ............................................................................361
Thomas Markopoulos and Agapios N. Platis
Chapter 15 Vulnerability Discovery and Patch Modeling: State of the Art .......401
Avinash K. Shrivastava, P. K. Kapur, and Misbah Anjum
Chapter 16 Signature Reliability Evaluations: An Overview of Different
Systems .............................................................................................421
Akshay Kumar, Mangey Ram, and S. B. Singh
Index ......................................................................................................................439
Preface
The theory, methods, and applications of reliability analysis have been developed
significantly over the last 60 years and have been recognized in many publications.
Therefore, awareness about the importance of each reliability measure of the system
and its fields is very important to a reliability specialist.
This book Reliability Engineering: Methods and Applications is a collection of
different models, methods, and unique approaches to deal with the different techno-
logical aspects of reliability engineering. A deep study of the earlier approaches and
models has been done to bring out better and advanced system reliability techniques
for different phases of the working of the components. Scope for future develop-
ments and research has been suggested.
The main areas studied follow under different chapters:
Chapter 1 provides the review and analysis of preventive maintenance modeling
issues. The discussed preventive maintenance models are classified into two main
groups for one-unit and multi-unit systems.
Chapter 2 provides the literature review on the most commonly used optimal
inspection maintenance mode using appropriate inspection strategy analyzing the
complexity of the system whether single or multi-stage system etc. depending on the
requirements of quality, production, minimum costs, and reducing the frequency of
failures.
Chapter 3 presents the application of stochastic processes in degradation modeling
to assess product/system performances. Among the continuous stochastic processes,
the Wiener, Gamma, and inverse Gaussian processes are discussed and applied for
degradation modeling of engineering systems using accelerated degradation data.
Chapter 4 presents a novel approach for analysis of Failure Modes and Effect
Analysis (FMEA)-related documents through a semi-automatic procedure involving
semantic tools. The aim of this work is reducing the time of analysis and improving
the level of detail of the analysis through the introduction of an increased number of
considered features and relations among them.
Chapter 5 studies the reliability and availability modeling of a system through
Markov chains and stochastic Petri nets.
Chapter 6 talks about the fault tree analysis technique for the calculation of
reliability and risk measurement in the transportation of radioactive materials.
This study aims at reducing the risk of environmental contamination caused due to
human errors.
Chapter 7 surveys the failure rate functions of replacement times, random, and
periodic replacement models and their properties for an understanding of the com-
plex maintenance models theoretically.
Chapter 8 highlights the design of accelerated life tests with competing failure
modes which give rise to competing risk analysis. This design helps in the prediction
of the product reliability accurately, quickly, and economically.
vii
viii Preface
Chapter 9 presents an analysis, classification, and orientation of content to encour-
age researchers, organizations, and professionals to use IEC standards as applicable
procedures and/or as reference guides. These standards provide methods and math-
ematical metrics known worldwide.
Chapter 10 discusses the time-variant reliability analysis methods for real-life
dynamic structures under uncertainties and vibratory systems having high nonlinear
performance. These methods satisfy the accuracy requirements by considering the
time correlation.
Chapter 11 presents a few reliability or survival analysis models involving latent
variables. The latent variable model considers missing information, heterogeneity of
observations, measurement of errors, etc.
Chapter 12 highlights the failure mode and effects analysis technique that esti-
mates the system reliability when the components are dependent on each other and
there is common cause failure as in redundant systems using the logical algorithm.
Chapter 13 provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art reliability assess-
ment approaches, including testing and probabilistic data analysis approaches, for
vehicle components and systems, vehicle exhaust components, and systems. The new
concepts include a fatigue S-N curve transformation technique and a variable trans-
formation technique in a damage-cycle diagram.
Chapter 14 is an attempt to develop a semi-Markov model of a ship’s electric
power generation system and use multi-state systems theory to develop an alterna-
tive aspect of maintenance policy, indicating the importance of the human capital
management relating to its cost management optimization.
Chapter 15 discusses the quantitative models proposed in the software security
literature called vulnerability discovery model for predicting the total number of
vulnerabilities detected, identified, or discovered during the operational phase of
the software. This work also described the modeling framework of the vulnerability
discovery models and vulnerability patching models.
Chapter 16 discusses the signature and its factor such as mean time to failure,
expected cost, and Barlow-Proschan index with the help of the reliability function
and the universal generating function also using Owen’s method for a coherent sys-
tem, which has independent identically, distributed elements.
Throughout this book, engineers and academician gain great knowledge and help
in understanding reliability engineering and its overviews. This book gives a broad
overview on the past, current, and future trends of reliability methods and applica-
tions for the readers.
Mangey Ram
Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), India
Acknowledgments
The Editor acknowledges CRC Press for this opportunity and professional sup-
port. My special thanks to Ms. Cindy Renee Carelli, Executive Editor, CRC Press/
Taylor & Francis Group for the excellent support she provided me to complete this
book. Thanks to Ms. Erin Harris, Editorial Assistant to Mrs. Cindy Renee Carelli,
for her follow up and aid. Also, I would like to thank all the chapter authors and
reviewers for their availability for this work.
Mangey Ram
Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), India
ix
