Table Of Content

REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS _i_Half-Title_UK.indd 1 02/03/2016 10:50 _ii_Title_UK.indd 2 02/03/2016 10:53 REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS _ii_Title_UK.indd 3 02/03/2016 10:54 FOR THE TENTH EDITION Senior Cartographic Editor Simon Mumford Producer, Pre-Production Luca Frassinetti Producer Vivienne Yong Jacket Design Development Manager Sophia MTT Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf Associate Publishing Director Liz Wheeler Art Director Karen Self General Geographical Consultants Physical Geography Denys Brunsden, Emeritus Professor, Department of Geography, King’s College, London Human Geography Professor J Malcolm Wagstaff, Department of Geography, University of Southampton Place Names Caroline Burgess, CartoConsulting Ltd, Reading Boundaries International Boundaries Research Unit, Mountjoy Research Centre, University of Durham Digital Mapping Consultants DK Cartopia developed by George Galfalvi and XMap Ltd, London Professor Jan-Peter Muller, Department of Photogrammetry and Surveying, University College, London Planets and information on the Solar System provided by Philip Eales and Kevin Tildsley, Planetary Visions Ltd, London Regional Consultants North America Dr David Green, Department of Geography, King’s College, London • Jim Walsh, Head of Reference, Wessell Library, Tufts University, Medford, Massachussetts South America Dr David Preston, School of Geography, University of Leeds Europe Dr Edward M Yates, formerly of the Department of Geography, King’s College, London Africa Dr Philip Amis, Development Administration Group, University of Birmingham • Dr Ieuan Ll Griffiths, Department of Geography, University of Sussex Dr Tony Binns, Department of Geography, University of Sussex Central Asia Dr David Turnock, Department of Geography, University of Leicester South and East Asia Dr Jonathan Rigg, Department of Geography, University of Durham Australasia and Oceania Dr Robert Allison, Department of Geography, University of Durham Acknowledgments Digital terrain data created by Eros Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. Processed by GVS Images Inc, California, USA and Planetary Visions Ltd, London, UK Cambridge International Reference on Current Affairs (CIRCA), Cambridge, UK • Digitization by Robertson Research International, Swanley, UK • Peter Clark British Isles maps generated from a dataset supplied by Map Marketing Ltd/European Map Graphics Ltd in combination with DK Cartopia copyright data DORLING KINDERSLEY CARTOGRAPHY Editor-in-Chief Andrew Heritage Managing Cartographer David Roberts Senior Cartographic Editor Roger Bullen Editorial Direction Louise Cavanagh Database Manager Simon Lewis Art Direction Chez Picthall Cartographers Pamela Alford • James Anderson • Caroline Bowie • Dale Buckton • Tony Chambers • Jan Clark • Bob Croser • Martin Darlison • Damien Demaj • Claire Ellam • Sally Gable Jeremy Hepworth • Geraldine Horner • Chris Jackson • Christine Johnston • Julia Lunn • Michael Martin • Ed Merritt • James Mills-Hicks • Simon Mumford • John Plumer John Scott • Ann Stephenson • Gail Townsley • Julie Turner • Sarah Vaughan • Jane Voss • Scott Wallace • Iorwerth Watkins • Bryony Webb • Alan Whitaker • Peter Winfield Digital Maps Created in DK Cartopia by Placenames Database Team Tom Coulson • Thomas Robertshaw Natalie Clarkson • Ruth Duxbury • Caroline Falce • John Featherstone • Dan Gardiner Philip Rowles • Rob Stokes Ciárán Hynes • Margaret Hynes • Helen Rudkin • Margaret Stevenson • Annie Wilson Managing Editor Senior Managing Art Editor Lisa Thomas Philip Lord Editors Designers Thomas Heath • Wim Jenkins • Jane Oliver Scott David • Carol Ann Davis • David Douglas • Rhonda Fisher Siobhan Ryan • Elizabeth Wyse Karen Gregory • Nicola Liddiard • Paul Williams Editorial Research Illustrations Helen Dangerfield • Andrew Rebeiro-Hargrave Ciárán Hughes • Advanced Illustration, Congleton, UK Additional Editorial Assistance Picture Research Debra Clapson • Robert Damon • Ailsa Heritage Melissa Albany • James Clarke • Anna Lord Constance Novis • Jayne Parsons • Chris Whitwell Christine Rista • Sarah Moule • Louise Thomas First published in Great Britain in 1997 as the DK World Atlas, and subsequent editions as the Reference Atlas of the World, by Dorling Kindersley Limited, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL. Reprinted with revisions 1998, 1999. Second Edition 2001. Third Edition 2003. Reprinted with revisions 2004. Sixth Edition 2005. Seventh Edition 2007. Eighth Edition 2010. Ninth Edition 2013. Tenth Edition 2016. Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. A Penguin Random House Company 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 001 - 265170 - August 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-0-2412-2633-9 Printed and bound in Hong Kong. A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk.com _iv_Imprint-Intro_UK.indd 4 02/03/2016 10:55 Introduction EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT OUR PLANET TODAY For many, the outstanding legacy of the twentieth century was the way in which the Earth shrank. In the third millennium, it is increasingly important for us to have a clear vision of the world in which we live. The human population has increased fourfold since 1900. The last scraps of terra incognita – the polar regions and ocean depths – have been penetrated and mapped. New regions have been colonized and previously hostile realms claimed for habitation. The growth of air transport and mass tourism allows many of us to travel further, faster, and more frequently than ever before. In doing so we are given a bird’s-eye view of the Earth’s surface denied to our forebears. At the same time, the amount of information about our world has grown enormously. Our multi- media environment hurls uninterrupted streams of data at us, on the printed page, through the airwaves and across our television, computer, and phone screens; events from all corners of the globe reach us instantaneously, and are witnessed as they unfold. Our sense of stability and certainty has been eroded; instead, we are aware that the world is in a constant state of flux and change. Natural disasters, man-made cataclysms, and conflicts between nations remind us daily of the enormity and fragility of our domain. The ongoing threat of international terrorism throws into very stark relief the difficulties that arise when trying to ‘know’ or ‘understand’ our planet and its many cultures. The current crisis in our ‘global’ culture has made the need greater than ever before for everyone to possess an atlas. The REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS has been conceived to meet this need. At its core, like all atlases, it seeks to define where places are, to describe their main characteristics, and to locate them in relation to other places. Every attempt has been made to make the information on the maps as clear, accurate, and accessible as possible using the latest digital cartographic techniques. In addition, each page of the atlas provides a wealth of further information, bringing the maps to life. Using photographs, diagrams, ‘at-a-glance’ maps, introductory texts, and captions, the atlas builds up a detailed portrait of those features – cultural, political, economic, and geomorphological – that make each region unique and which are also the main agents of change. This tenth edition of the REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS incorporates hundreds of revisions and updates, distilling the burgeoning mass of information available through modern technology into an extraordinarily detailed and reliable view of our world. _iv_Imprint-Intro_UK.indd 5 02/03/2016 10:55 The Caribbean .....................................................................44–45 C O N T E N T S Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & Introduction ........................................................................................v ATLAS OF THE WORLD the Grenadines, Sint Maarten, Trinidad & Tobago, Turks & Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands (US) Contents ........................................................................................vi–vii North America South America How to use this Atlas .................................................viii–ix THE WORLD NORTH AMERICA ...................................................................1 SOUTH AMERICA .....................................................46–47 PHYSICAL NORTH AMERICA................................2–3 PHYSICAL SOUTH AMERICA .............................48–49 POLITICAL NORTH AMERICA ..............................4–5 POLITICAL SOUTH AMERICA ..............................50–51 The solar system....................................................................x–xi NORTH AMERICAN RESOURCES ......................6–7 SOUTH AMERICAN RESOURCES ....................52–53 The physical world ........................................................xii–xiii Canada .................................................................................................8–9 Northern South America ......................................54–55 Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Canada: Western Provinces ..................................10–11 Suriname, Venezuela Structure of the Earth .............................................xiv–xv Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Yukon Western South America .........................................56–57 Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru Shaping the landscape .........................................xvi–xvii Canada: Eastern Provinces ......................................12–13 New Brunswick, Newfoundland & Labrador, Brazil .................................................................................................58–59 Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, The world’s oceans ..................................................xviii–xix Québec, St Pierre & Miquelon Eastern South America ............................................60–61 Southeast Brazil, Northeast Argentina, Uruguay Southeastern Canada ..................................................14–15 The global climate .......................................................xx–xxi Southern Ontario, Southern Québec Southern South America ......................................62–63 Argentina, Chile, Paraguay United States of America .......................................16–17 Life on Earth ...................................................................xxii–xxiii The Atlantic Ocean ......................................................64–65 USA: Northeastern States ......................................18–19 Population and settlement .........................xxiv–xxv Connecticut, Maine, Massachussetts, Africa New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont The economic system .....................................xxvi–xxvii USA: Mid-Eastern States .........................................20–21 Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, The political world .............................................xxviii–xxix Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia States and boundaries .......................................xxx–xxxi USA: Southern States ..................................................22–23 Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi AFRICA ..............................................................................................66–67 International disputes ....................................................xxxii USA: Texas ..................................................................................24–25 PHYSICAL AFRICA .............................................................68–69 POLITICAL AFRICA ..............................................................70–71 USA: South Midwestern States.......................26–27 THE BRITISH ISLES Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma AFRICAN RESOURCES ...................................................72–73 USA: Upper Plains States ........................................28–29 North Africa ............................................................................74–75 Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara USA: Great Lakes States ...........................................30–31 Political British Isles ..........................................................xxxiv Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin West Africa ..............................................................................76–77 Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Wales ...................................................................................................xxxv USA: North Mountain States ............................32–33 Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo Southern England ............................................xxxvi–xxxvii USA: California & Nevada ......................................34–35 Central Africa ........................................................................78–79 Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Central England .................................................xxxviii–xxxix USA: South Mountain States ............................36–37 Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah Sao Tome & Principe Northern England .............................................................xl–xli USA: Hawaii & Alaska ..................................................38–39 East Africa .................................................................................80–81 Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Mexico ............................................................................................40–41 Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda Scotland .................................................................................xlii–xliii Central America................................................................ 42–43 Southern Africa..................................................................82–83 Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Ireland ....................................................................................................xliv Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe vi _vi_Contents_UK.indd 6 02/03/2016 11:27 Europe Asia Australasia & Oceania EUROPE..............................................................................................84–85 ASIA.....................................................................................................128–129 PHYSICAL.EUROPE............................................................86–87 PHYSICAL.ASIA......................................................................130–131 AUSTRALASIA.&.OCEANIA.................................174–175 POLITICAL.EUROPE..........................................................88–89 POLITICAL.ASIA...................................................................132–133 POLITICAL.AUSTRALASIA. &.OCEANIA...................................................................176–177 EUROPEAN.RESOURCES..............................................90–91 ASIAN.RESOURCES.........................................................134–135 AUSTRALASIAN.&. Scandinavia,.Finland.&.Iceland........................92–93 Turkey.&.the.Caucasus..........................................136–137 Denmark,.Finland,.Iceland,.Norway,.Svalbard,. . Armenia,.Azerbaijan,.Georgia,.Turkey OCEANIAN.RESOURCES.............................178–179 Sweden The.Near.East....................................................................138–139 Australia.....................................................................................180–181 Iraq,.Israel,.Jordan,.Lebanon,.Syria Southern.Scandinavia.................................................94–95 Denmark,.Faroe.Islands,.Southern.Norway,. The.Arabian.Peninsula.............................................140–141 Southeast.Australia....................................................182–183 Southern.Sweden New.South.Wales,.South.Australia,.. Bahrain,.Kuwait,.Oman,.Qatar,.Saudi.Arabia,.. Tasmania,.Victoria United.Arab.Emirates,.Yemen The.British.Isles....................................................................96–97 Channel.Islands,.Ireland,.Isle.of.Man,.. Iran.&.the.Gulf.States..............................................142–143 New.Zealand.......................................................................184–185 United.Kingdom Bahrain,.Iran,.Kuwait,.Qatar,.United.Arab.Emirates Melanesia................................................................................186–187 The.Low.Countries........................................................98–99 Kazakhstan.............................................................................144–145 Fiji,.New.Caledonia,.Papua.New.Guinea,. Belgium,.Luxembourg,.Netherlands Solomon.Islands,.Vanuatu Central.Asia..........................................................................146–147 Germany...................................................................................100–101 Kyrgyzstan,.Tajikistan,.Turkmenistan,.Uzbekistan Micronesia.............................................................................188–189 Guam,.Marshall.Islands,.Micronesia,.Nauru,.. France...........................................................................................102–103 Afghanistan.&.Pakistan..........................................148–149 Northern.Mariana.Islands,.Palau,.Wake.Island France,.Monaco South.Asia...............................................................................150–151 Polynesia...................................................................................190–191 The.Iberian.Peninsula.............................................104–105 Bangladesh,.Bhutan,.India,.Maldives,.Nepal,.. Cook.Islands,.Easter.Island,.French.Polynesia,.. Pakistan,.Sri.Lanka Andorra,.Gibraltar,.Portugal,.Spain Kiribati,.Niue,.Pitcairn.Islands,.Tokelau,.Tuvalu,.. Northern.India.&.the.. Wallis.&.Futuna The.Italian.Peninsula................................................106–107 Italy,.San.Marino,.Vatican.City Himalayan.States.................................................152–153 The.Pacific.Ocean.........................................................192–193 Bangladesh,.Bhutan,.Nepal,.Northern.India The.Alpine.States........................................................108–109 Southern.India.&.Sri.Lanka..............................154–155 Antarctica...............................................................................194–195 Austria,.Liechtenstein,.Slovenia,.Switzerland The.Arctic...............................................................................196–197 Mainland.East.Asia......................................................156–157 Central.Europe.....................................................................110–111 China,.Mongolia,.North.Korea,.South.Korea,.Taiwan Czech.Republic,.Hungary,.Poland,.Slovakia. Western.China..................................................................158–159 INDEX–GAZETTEER Southeast.Europe...........................................................112–113 Eastern.China......................................................................160–161 Albania,.Bosnia.&.Herzegovina,.Croatia,.Kosovo,.. Eastern.China,.Taiwan Macedonia,.Montenegro,.Serbia Northeastern.China,.. Geographical.comparisons.............................198–199 Bulgaria.&.Greece...........................................................114–115 Mongolia.&.Korea...............................................162–163 (including.European.Turkey) Mongolia,.Northeastern.China,.North.Korea,.. Standard.time.zones..........................................................200 Romania,.Moldova.&.Ukraine.........................116–117 South.Korea. Countries.of.the.world........................................201–207 Japan.............................................................................................164–165 The.Baltic.States.&.Belarus................................118–119 Geographical.glossary..........................................208–210 Belarus,.Estonia,.Latvia,.Lithuania,.Kaliningrad Mainland.Southeast.Asia....................................166–167 Cambodia,.Laos,.Myanmar.(Burma),.Paracel.Islands,. Geographical.names..............................................................211 The.Mediterranean.......................................................120–121 Thailand,.Vietnam West.Maritime.Southeast.Asia.................168–169 Index..............................................................................................212–349 The.Russian.Federation.........................................122–123 Brunei,.Indonesia,.Malaysia,.Singapore Acknowledgements..............................................................350 Northern.European.Russia................................124–125 East.Maritime.Southeast.Asia.......................170–171 East.Timor,.Indonesia,.Philippines Southern.European.Russia.................................126–127 The.Indian.Ocean..........................................................172–173 vii _vi_Contents_UK.indd 7 02/03/2016 11:27 INTRODUCTION Key to maps How to use this Atlas Regional Physical features Communications Typographic key The atlas is organized by continent, moving eastwards from the International Date Line. The opening section describes the world’s elevation motorway / highway Physical features structure, systems and its main features. The Atlas of the World which motorway / highway 6000m / 19,686ft (under construction) landscape features Namib Desert follows, is a continent-by-continent guide to today’s world, starting with 4000m / 13,124ft major road Massif Central a comprehensive insight into the physical, political and economic ANDES 3000m / 9843ft minor road structure of each continent, followed by integrated mapping and 2000m / 6562ft tunnel (road) headland Nordkapp descriptions of each region or country. main line 1000m / 3281ft minor line elevation / The world 500m / 1640ft volcano / pass Mount Meru tunnel (rail) 4556 m 250m / 820ft The introductory section of the Atlas deals with every aspect of the drainage features Lake Geneva international airport planet, from physical structure to human geography, providing an 100m / 328ft rivers / canals overall picture of the world we live in. 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These pages show the Miscellaneous features location of minerals and agricultural resources on each continent, and how seasonal salt lake they have been instrumental in dictating industrial growth and the varieties reservoir ancient wall of economic activity across the continent. salt flat / salt pan site of interest scientific station marsh / salt marsh SoUtAh AMerICAB C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W SoXUth AMerIYCAN reSoUZrCeS Ices pfrienga /iigsmwcctu lweeaaaumc dnecsimihgerlalr erpee/o l /r f/vw sp essanahtoceekwer hitfcoieell edli m/ iotasis GradlaettigtirucedeuellTsoinr oonelgfpes i iltoco usfnfd /gleea itPt /aiuot duEltadeqru eu /c aairtrncoedlre ss 11111111869457310642573152SWclppiddnl(cid:29)ntpogerSrBTweoanehrxaorfroooxiiraeodn o flepssece(cid:30)wTorettAx pnvru uotdvldthaauhPsopadta hriecno ekaBltrdeotaleihilPme otud drebtefc o gicywaruwdncwnnoprithsrico teuotnfiroo,tn i.agayotr h nP itnnenircHett mlovBid tr ne rgdidaa t twiApiselo eneioacro inidr c glshnttsaPutroA r wnarnhr’ih heinhdgspe esrad’eniadris r zde eeeanen rarn,el raosueia ama vadunin esnt unsncutr1lAlrec rnf w n so t9 sia itCofggogete nrnidSotdeoc,ordunc,hs6e f uu t i rinnvhoo,btrbseo reasoae m-f Pr0el heaottrttnvc eu f r rsaAueorcm Saahures Sveecs tfix ieodaBrrtti bta srtnrtnyrtnp poobsguolorahruo- nctyiaiyh idhafetlci,ecntnsrhneuos ml o nu fn nf i liriatAflienCti astvreaodtr or cnsoht w oetdaol g j leohime t,ougcof hounamulas twwme f ie heatnonnolmfir 1t gllbee sMc.wintsAs9efleghrtoaivgl h pl riyou ys as.d np7oina hitmtio cH .ltrscd;n ri g 0ohao eu o ihTtatueeacbrec nfo enfeshe iyffnreelheo,tl h Jle lm.tflardsadoe a iim d we h n nntgicAvTticnwau cp nheegg iPbthioio.efie thelo arla-eclyfulusnoCnp sn iilen o psc.ghetcrtclttpc . iaeinuora i tlhintnGtoeaoblA tsnn yrsgu enmdi ovr t tlabP,itndiyi r(nzSAUndatuaeiti itNqeonencNpenan’u Csshgn ndPisAoi e utlG t atQe dmhElh hvfiMunito iuie acalagaCmwheeftnihm rAoCst v eIoUeor dde.hapafeent d A ivMclocyr eDoa lbDolcafd oFBCrym icpouvlOnogahuimorveimteeirRrmeecinhaI nnsr bni tut tatnC gooqLifion ltluaCifnoeasdi mulir aieliutMsilatanxC Patni)speoceassgOiddrIt lultnCeqE tgear ElfutoAf gl Nueí uiBo,euntf ncRooCoefdofeAasagEotg lorrlrOCmuse tlUrimáorq lvraoaneuaLeeBp cinwsspVoeVa, On hpoarsdpCaagMfqCecllihidpu ue ivoIucMaAóudmeiaqisvreronsqarvruCcaim icauiaomi bclicepíBqid neasaceupyopiralaC tbseeeHIenomPI ool,LArbAuo VTrmaAAEatsanrattyrnoaitlllis ctSEgaettsmoaw a iAhe.BnfownbN VarTteeonatgeaminLhanaolsbnrtEuegas;a dnii tMo SB tAsbtgPcnafCrcZbaea siato eiohhfioaa azn rnrUMOtr ad.eNsaarR sa haocrReSaeugazrEuCoenessaekoexLqlbóGlw CGLu aa cSr huBis zdBonuoréunmeIaaeAntmotSu acShnniarbdhaEnhdogíVdeCnpaíalndate uia ee MA kloohlSpBtNesy r aeeniGlIiacometga n,a S Huu lnuCroR aayCtAJlloceinofRe,iTvhraia lah vnrotu onaedrgaafilesdsBie del irClavaytcd uae ITreCdrlaevei auuee oon ifrGFlNciraz,Pdro rsspSu uG arcsoaAatm siial eeAinsiykUo-lnnmtMáAttaRtindlcatnrin Yahcer(a eebFdtaAs eninAsoroteHbsaed eevUGhN uuu ieKanIsenrAsUgt)UeGslecl oehaiASWAeBseRpnnodpUs eY rUuradgog aoeRunsileMGdcyrndtrrIioscoóUlN a. w dn nhRlAnAt e YvMPCidaiureaod(mIatAGIAiliippeCeflcoFodennna rou ccnFrrrufordaevddioerR igooebmncaatdeluuliAdooenccn honntdEsihcssma enuonmsGetooettPt)sZmtgaerm rruToommbcasitii rnnaaiineotiiinnyioodnaallsc n in eg dAtL zbanahaattht,elut lsae aninCIlteirgnrd.sysnse uoSddrA.tFee e rã yxcsrlu TBioo;neBBtii toJ igaghrePobtfiroLallhuanNa,teane d Aulz ciBnoiiBz Bg ltnfi viioemeeiptr llhuillcililcanrno aaeéretsTaalia meIíoHut.ne g ln rntnirceTIods aecahenduitor rlne iia. e uIifSnz cceefffhimmnabiupVnsdrnLaooiin aesholnaiornsgse-leenrenrgeohrroucetgdna/te coci atwoutre LdtvCmintn, nBattponetssns& eych cri lrtpdSesurpntit pgohseho ecorgyihsaeegtricerrn ã acur toczcoirl-iesR fynallie e ieioKeesnccvictuncA Avdneies n ese eogmdusi lhuAteaisnsmPln idassdarnis gluanlOtoinipnmagedna, nru se smdyggJunCe,rfe at a roe t lngcrrahiicooNthcnaenidounhaiCi fabrleercuiev el eos’lc clorsecyG,eo ma o otu tETrm(cid:31)acViti lihdrrNEtuoni lcoicr eooo-ecope e aonammnIuCdennxaln gvaieIxts pb1234aiacwonppl0aoue,z0pbe0re0ntimesogppsstttw dnoeA0lnoeeuidir0mhu0o0fl laLLl nehrnoimlddoe0aioolexrig0oi0sobo0nvdenaanx pjeuw–tt abor–es –ii–earilSiCt rbictdso1dstrpa rmanllitces 32 ri4 9eeat n5n9ud i ao c9tp t9r a9rF,9ilsedasnaGa0gi9i nNe idovh99rln9ppa bo9ece td0f 9odntadeo 9 e&9l9ueerrdipira u0iidceuoncvlotu d tv anr ieupasosinicgocpaltdlteetstlynuret tisieecersc eeOpPs absr atiezi’( a aanasR.nssrrslUeaasrlrnliinsgtrsi nseseaatir rbrhaic gcSanrCMsee luiiey ngfe$n i ae sag.s) cENeiaótMAalN NEETwrguieftdUMActePcCpcsnaaehhnoeaaxxanhreomiciranmvoerusplrtnnnigemdlriqaneiss ovegmaeferrt rpntfddpmhpaegynuAoovaoiirhrinamtaeaooeeiodnvnaeruipr tdseainssloitrmedcnsprfinlcaeesveegoiuirieab srs oiianmvayrrciio attpe.nnr ny utteanns r e taiePtm.ooaimdtgTar sffAge .ltledtizpelgg bo ieeaT ofCfcsofsad. 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REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS _i_Half-Title_UK.indd 1 02/03/2016 10:50 _ii_Title_UK.indd 2 02/03/2016 10:53 REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS _ii_Title_UK.indd 3 02/03/2016 10:54 FOR THE TENTH EDITION Senior Cartographic Editor Simon Mumford Producer, Pre-Production Luca Frassinetti Producer Vivienne Yong Jacket Design Development Manager Sophia MTT Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf Associate Publishing Director Liz Wheeler Art Director Karen Self General Geographical Consultants Physical Geography Denys Brunsden, Emeritus Professor, Department of Geography, King’s College, London Human Geography Professor J Malcolm Wagstaff, Department of Geography, University of Southampton Place Names Caroline Burgess, CartoConsulting Ltd, Reading Boundaries International Boundaries Research Unit, Mountjoy Research Centre, University of Durham Digital Mapping Consultants DK Cartopia developed by George Galfalvi and XMap Ltd, London Professor Jan-Peter Muller, Department of Photogrammetry and Surveying, University College, London Planets and information on the Solar System provided by Philip Eales and Kevin Tildsley, Planetary Visions Ltd, London Regional Consultants North America Dr David Green, Department of Geography, King’s College, London • Jim Walsh, Head of Reference, Wessell Library, Tufts University, Medford, Massachussetts South America Dr David Preston, School of Geography, University of Leeds Europe Dr Edward M Yates, formerly of the Department of Geography, King’s College, London Africa Dr Philip Amis, Development Administration Group, University of Birmingham • Dr Ieuan Ll Griffiths, Department of Geography, University of Sussex Dr Tony Binns, Department of Geography, University of Sussex Central Asia Dr David Turnock, Department of Geography, University of Leicester South and East Asia Dr Jonathan Rigg, Department of Geography, University of Durham Australasia and Oceania Dr Robert Allison, Department of Geography, University of Durham Acknowledgments Digital terrain data created by Eros Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. Processed by GVS Images Inc, California, USA and Planetary Visions Ltd, London, UK Cambridge International Reference on Current Affairs (CIRCA), Cambridge, UK • Digitization by Robertson Research International, Swanley, UK • Peter Clark British Isles maps generated from a dataset supplied by Map Marketing Ltd/European Map Graphics Ltd in combination with DK Cartopia copyright data DORLING KINDERSLEY CARTOGRAPHY Editor-in-Chief Andrew Heritage Managing Cartographer David Roberts Senior Cartographic Editor Roger Bullen Editorial Direction Louise Cavanagh Database Manager Simon Lewis Art Direction Chez Picthall Cartographers Pamela Alford • James Anderson • Caroline Bowie • Dale Buckton • Tony Chambers • Jan Clark • Bob Croser • Martin Darlison • Damien Demaj • Claire Ellam • Sally Gable Jeremy Hepworth • Geraldine Horner • Chris Jackson • Christine Johnston • Julia Lunn • Michael Martin • Ed Merritt • James Mills-Hicks • Simon Mumford • John Plumer John Scott • Ann Stephenson • Gail Townsley • Julie Turner • Sarah Vaughan • Jane Voss • Scott Wallace • Iorwerth Watkins • Bryony Webb • Alan Whitaker • Peter Winfield Digital Maps Created in DK Cartopia by Placenames Database Team Tom Coulson • Thomas Robertshaw Natalie Clarkson • Ruth Duxbury • Caroline Falce • John Featherstone • Dan Gardiner Philip Rowles • Rob Stokes Ciárán Hynes • Margaret Hynes • Helen Rudkin • Margaret Stevenson • Annie Wilson Managing Editor Senior Managing Art Editor Lisa Thomas Philip Lord Editors Designers Thomas Heath • Wim Jenkins • Jane Oliver Scott David • Carol Ann Davis • David Douglas • Rhonda Fisher Siobhan Ryan • Elizabeth Wyse Karen Gregory • Nicola Liddiard • Paul Williams Editorial Research Illustrations Helen Dangerfield • Andrew Rebeiro-Hargrave Ciárán Hughes • Advanced Illustration, Congleton, UK Additional Editorial Assistance Picture Research Debra Clapson • Robert Damon • Ailsa Heritage Melissa Albany • James Clarke • Anna Lord Constance Novis • Jayne Parsons • Chris Whitwell Christine Rista • Sarah Moule • Louise Thomas First published in Great Britain in 1997 as the DK World Atlas, and subsequent editions as the Reference Atlas of the World, by Dorling Kindersley Limited, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL. Reprinted with revisions 1998, 1999. Second Edition 2001. Third Edition 2003. Reprinted with revisions 2004. Sixth Edition 2005. Seventh Edition 2007. Eighth Edition 2010. Ninth Edition 2013. Tenth Edition 2016. Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. A Penguin Random House Company 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 001 - 265170 - August 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-0-2412-2633-9 Printed and bound in Hong Kong. A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW www.dk.com _iv_Imprint-Intro_UK.indd 4 02/03/2016 10:55 Introduction EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT OUR PLANET TODAY For many, the outstanding legacy of the twentieth century was the way in which the Earth shrank. In the third millennium, it is increasingly important for us to have a clear vision of the world in which we live. The human population has increased fourfold since 1900. The last scraps of terra incognita – the polar regions and ocean depths – have been penetrated and mapped. New regions have been colonized and previously hostile realms claimed for habitation. The growth of air transport and mass tourism allows many of us to travel further, faster, and more frequently than ever before. In doing so we are given a bird’s-eye view of the Earth’s surface denied to our forebears. At the same time, the amount of information about our world has grown enormously. Our multi- media environment hurls uninterrupted streams of data at us, on the printed page, through the airwaves and across our television, computer, and phone screens; events from all corners of the globe reach us instantaneously, and are witnessed as they unfold. Our sense of stability and certainty has been eroded; instead, we are aware that the world is in a constant state of flux and change. Natural disasters, man-made cataclysms, and conflicts between nations remind us daily of the enormity and fragility of our domain. The ongoing threat of international terrorism throws into very stark relief the difficulties that arise when trying to ‘know’ or ‘understand’ our planet and its many cultures. The current crisis in our ‘global’ culture has made the need greater than ever before for everyone to possess an atlas. The REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS has been conceived to meet this need. At its core, like all atlases, it seeks to define where places are, to describe their main characteristics, and to locate them in relation to other places. Every attempt has been made to make the information on the maps as clear, accurate, and accessible as possible using the latest digital cartographic techniques. In addition, each page of the atlas provides a wealth of further information, bringing the maps to life. Using photographs, diagrams, ‘at-a-glance’ maps, introductory texts, and captions, the atlas builds up a detailed portrait of those features – cultural, political, economic, and geomorphological – that make each region unique and which are also the main agents of change. This tenth edition of the REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS incorporates hundreds of revisions and updates, distilling the burgeoning mass of information available through modern technology into an extraordinarily detailed and reliable view of our world. _iv_Imprint-Intro_UK.indd 5 02/03/2016 10:55 The Caribbean .....................................................................44–45 C O N T E N T S Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & Introduction ........................................................................................v ATLAS OF THE WORLD the Grenadines, Sint Maarten, Trinidad & Tobago, Turks & Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands (US) Contents ........................................................................................vi–vii North America South America How to use this Atlas .................................................viii–ix THE WORLD NORTH AMERICA ...................................................................1 SOUTH AMERICA .....................................................46–47 PHYSICAL NORTH AMERICA................................2–3 PHYSICAL SOUTH AMERICA .............................48–49 POLITICAL NORTH AMERICA ..............................4–5 POLITICAL SOUTH AMERICA ..............................50–51 The solar system....................................................................x–xi NORTH AMERICAN RESOURCES ......................6–7 SOUTH AMERICAN RESOURCES ....................52–53 The physical world ........................................................xii–xiii Canada .................................................................................................8–9 Northern South America ......................................54–55 Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Canada: Western Provinces ..................................10–11 Suriname, Venezuela Structure of the Earth .............................................xiv–xv Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Yukon Western South America .........................................56–57 Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru Shaping the landscape .........................................xvi–xvii Canada: Eastern Provinces ......................................12–13 New Brunswick, Newfoundland & Labrador, Brazil .................................................................................................58–59 Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, The world’s oceans ..................................................xviii–xix Québec, St Pierre & Miquelon Eastern South America ............................................60–61 Southeast Brazil, Northeast Argentina, Uruguay Southeastern Canada ..................................................14–15 The global climate .......................................................xx–xxi Southern Ontario, Southern Québec Southern South America ......................................62–63 Argentina, Chile, Paraguay United States of America .......................................16–17 Life on Earth ...................................................................xxii–xxiii The Atlantic Ocean ......................................................64–65 USA: Northeastern States ......................................18–19 Population and settlement .........................xxiv–xxv Connecticut, Maine, Massachussetts, Africa New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont The economic system .....................................xxvi–xxvii USA: Mid-Eastern States .........................................20–21 Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, The political world .............................................xxviii–xxix Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia States and boundaries .......................................xxx–xxxi USA: Southern States ..................................................22–23 Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi AFRICA ..............................................................................................66–67 International disputes ....................................................xxxii USA: Texas ..................................................................................24–25 PHYSICAL AFRICA .............................................................68–69 POLITICAL AFRICA ..............................................................70–71 USA: South Midwestern States.......................26–27 THE BRITISH ISLES Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma AFRICAN RESOURCES ...................................................72–73 USA: Upper Plains States ........................................28–29 North Africa ............................................................................74–75 Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara USA: Great Lakes States ...........................................30–31 Political British Isles ..........................................................xxxiv Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin West Africa ..............................................................................76–77 Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Wales ...................................................................................................xxxv USA: North Mountain States ............................32–33 Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo Southern England ............................................xxxvi–xxxvii USA: California & Nevada ......................................34–35 Central Africa ........................................................................78–79 Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Central England .................................................xxxviii–xxxix USA: South Mountain States ............................36–37 Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah Sao Tome & Principe Northern England .............................................................xl–xli USA: Hawaii & Alaska ..................................................38–39 East Africa .................................................................................80–81 Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Mexico ............................................................................................40–41 Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda Scotland .................................................................................xlii–xliii Central America................................................................ 42–43 Southern Africa..................................................................82–83 Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Ireland ....................................................................................................xliv Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe vi _vi_Contents_UK.indd 6 02/03/2016 11:27 Europe Asia Australasia & Oceania EUROPE..............................................................................................84–85 ASIA.....................................................................................................128–129 PHYSICAL.EUROPE............................................................86–87 PHYSICAL.ASIA......................................................................130–131 AUSTRALASIA.&.OCEANIA.................................174–175 POLITICAL.EUROPE..........................................................88–89 POLITICAL.ASIA...................................................................132–133 POLITICAL.AUSTRALASIA. &.OCEANIA...................................................................176–177 EUROPEAN.RESOURCES..............................................90–91 ASIAN.RESOURCES.........................................................134–135 AUSTRALASIAN.&. Scandinavia,.Finland.&.Iceland........................92–93 Turkey.&.the.Caucasus..........................................136–137 Denmark,.Finland,.Iceland,.Norway,.Svalbard,. . Armenia,.Azerbaijan,.Georgia,.Turkey OCEANIAN.RESOURCES.............................178–179 Sweden The.Near.East....................................................................138–139 Australia.....................................................................................180–181 Iraq,.Israel,.Jordan,.Lebanon,.Syria Southern.Scandinavia.................................................94–95 Denmark,.Faroe.Islands,.Southern.Norway,. The.Arabian.Peninsula.............................................140–141 Southeast.Australia....................................................182–183 Southern.Sweden New.South.Wales,.South.Australia,.. Bahrain,.Kuwait,.Oman,.Qatar,.Saudi.Arabia,.. Tasmania,.Victoria United.Arab.Emirates,.Yemen The.British.Isles....................................................................96–97 Channel.Islands,.Ireland,.Isle.of.Man,.. Iran.&.the.Gulf.States..............................................142–143 New.Zealand.......................................................................184–185 United.Kingdom Bahrain,.Iran,.Kuwait,.Qatar,.United.Arab.Emirates Melanesia................................................................................186–187 The.Low.Countries........................................................98–99 Kazakhstan.............................................................................144–145 Fiji,.New.Caledonia,.Papua.New.Guinea,. Belgium,.Luxembourg,.Netherlands Solomon.Islands,.Vanuatu Central.Asia..........................................................................146–147 Germany...................................................................................100–101 Kyrgyzstan,.Tajikistan,.Turkmenistan,.Uzbekistan Micronesia.............................................................................188–189 Guam,.Marshall.Islands,.Micronesia,.Nauru,.. France...........................................................................................102–103 Afghanistan.&.Pakistan..........................................148–149 Northern.Mariana.Islands,.Palau,.Wake.Island France,.Monaco South.Asia...............................................................................150–151 Polynesia...................................................................................190–191 The.Iberian.Peninsula.............................................104–105 Bangladesh,.Bhutan,.India,.Maldives,.Nepal,.. Cook.Islands,.Easter.Island,.French.Polynesia,.. Pakistan,.Sri.Lanka Andorra,.Gibraltar,.Portugal,.Spain Kiribati,.Niue,.Pitcairn.Islands,.Tokelau,.Tuvalu,.. Northern.India.&.the.. Wallis.&.Futuna The.Italian.Peninsula................................................106–107 Italy,.San.Marino,.Vatican.City Himalayan.States.................................................152–153 The.Pacific.Ocean.........................................................192–193 Bangladesh,.Bhutan,.Nepal,.Northern.India The.Alpine.States........................................................108–109 Southern.India.&.Sri.Lanka..............................154–155 Antarctica...............................................................................194–195 Austria,.Liechtenstein,.Slovenia,.Switzerland The.Arctic...............................................................................196–197 Mainland.East.Asia......................................................156–157 Central.Europe.....................................................................110–111 China,.Mongolia,.North.Korea,.South.Korea,.Taiwan Czech.Republic,.Hungary,.Poland,.Slovakia. Western.China..................................................................158–159 INDEX–GAZETTEER Southeast.Europe...........................................................112–113 Eastern.China......................................................................160–161 Albania,.Bosnia.&.Herzegovina,.Croatia,.Kosovo,.. Eastern.China,.Taiwan Macedonia,.Montenegro,.Serbia Northeastern.China,.. Geographical.comparisons.............................198–199 Bulgaria.&.Greece...........................................................114–115 Mongolia.&.Korea...............................................162–163 (including.European.Turkey) Mongolia,.Northeastern.China,.North.Korea,.. Standard.time.zones..........................................................200 Romania,.Moldova.&.Ukraine.........................116–117 South.Korea. Countries.of.the.world........................................201–207 Japan.............................................................................................164–165 The.Baltic.States.&.Belarus................................118–119 Geographical.glossary..........................................208–210 Belarus,.Estonia,.Latvia,.Lithuania,.Kaliningrad Mainland.Southeast.Asia....................................166–167 Cambodia,.Laos,.Myanmar.(Burma),.Paracel.Islands,. Geographical.names..............................................................211 The.Mediterranean.......................................................120–121 Thailand,.Vietnam West.Maritime.Southeast.Asia.................168–169 Index..............................................................................................212–349 The.Russian.Federation.........................................122–123 Brunei,.Indonesia,.Malaysia,.Singapore Acknowledgements..............................................................350 Northern.European.Russia................................124–125 East.Maritime.Southeast.Asia.......................170–171 East.Timor,.Indonesia,.Philippines Southern.European.Russia.................................126–127 The.Indian.Ocean..........................................................172–173 vii _vi_Contents_UK.indd 7 02/03/2016 11:27 INTRODUCTION Key to maps How to use this Atlas Regional Physical features Communications Typographic key The atlas is organized by continent, moving eastwards from the International Date Line. The opening section describes the world’s elevation motorway / highway Physical features structure, systems and its main features. The Atlas of the World which motorway / highway 6000m / 19,686ft (under construction) landscape features Namib Desert follows, is a continent-by-continent guide to today’s world, starting with 4000m / 13,124ft major road Massif Central a comprehensive insight into the physical, political and economic ANDES 3000m / 9843ft minor road structure of each continent, followed by integrated mapping and 2000m / 6562ft tunnel (road) headland Nordkapp descriptions of each region or country. main line 1000m / 3281ft minor line elevation / The world 500m / 1640ft volcano / pass Mount Meru tunnel (rail) 4556 m 250m / 820ft The introductory section of the Atlas deals with every aspect of the drainage features Lake Geneva international airport planet, from physical structure to human geography, providing an 100m / 328ft rivers / canals overall picture of the world we live in. Complex topics such as the sea level spring / well / below sea level Borders waterhole / oasis / landscape of the Earth, climate, oceans, population and economic waterfall / patterns are clearly explained with the aid of maps, diagrams drawn rapids / dam Mekong elevation above sea level full international from the latest information. 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reference point for every administrative border internal administrative -2000m / -6562ft region MINSKAYA continental section, showing the position of countries relative to one another, VOBLASTS’ and the relationship between human settlement and geographic location. The -3000m / -9843ft Settlements 2nd order internal complex mosaic of languages spoken in each continent is mapped, as is the administrative effect of communications networks on the pattern of settlement. region Vaucluse seamount / guyot symbol built up area cultural region New England undersea spot depth euroApe b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u V w political euZrope Drainamstmmscwgeeeaaaiarccnnttiieooanneoialnn rr rrsfdd yiefravaai aleverlrrsieryyvo ar ersnrietavaleu srroivrneearl sriver settm15151fl 00ee00m0,ow00,m0i,r00,lee00li00r o00e t0 tccn0 htnht oao atoattptou noo n5 i1n tp 00 55511at 00,0 ro 0lmm my0,,c000/pi,iii0000lldtllluliiy000eiooo0plnnnaetnidoennt styermritboroy ls Scdcoaaetepphptiieetttraanl ll ed scceemiittntyyttel etnmertersintotsry BFCATYFaoOidrhznEnRiaei hIzOTcnaaJ-mazwaDIogaNEuo-GFRANCE ctohAnelitlCCr im tnopoheoommenslI titmmnct otpPiacuuroruooannenpPpldi Li csctocuuouhraaallliccatiooteptitaitwsuoioiiotct osnoinanarn nsyclsrl, s e iwmmm 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These pages show the Miscellaneous features location of minerals and agricultural resources on each continent, and how seasonal salt lake they have been instrumental in dictating industrial growth and the varieties reservoir ancient wall of economic activity across the continent. salt flat / salt pan site of interest scientific station marsh / salt marsh SoUtAh AMerICAB C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W SoXUth AMerIYCAN reSoUZrCeS Ices pfrienga /iigsmwcctu lweeaaaumc dnecsimihgerlalr erpee/o l /r f/vw sp essanahtoceekwer hitfcoieell edli m/ iotasis GradlaettigtirucedeuellTsoinr oonelgfpes i iltoco usfnfd /gleea itPt /aiuot duEltadeqru eu /c aairtrncoedlre ss 11111111869457310642573152SWclppiddnl(cid:29)ntpogerSrBTweoanehrxaorfroooxiiraeodn o flepssece(cid:30)wTorettAx pnvru uotdvldthaauhPsopadta hriecno ekaBltrdeotaleihilPme otud drebtefc o gicywaruwdncwnnoprithsrico teuotnfiroo,tn i.agayotr h nP itnnenircHett mlovBid tr ne rgdidaa t twiApiselo eneioacro inidr c glshnttsaPutroA r wnarnhr’ih heinhdgspe esrad’eniadris r zde eeeanen rarn,el raosueia ama vadunin esnt unsncutr1lAlrec rnf w n so t9 sia itCofggogete nrnidSotdeoc,ordunc,hs6e f uu t i rinnvhoo,btrbseo reasoae m-f Pr0el heaottrttnvc eu f r rsaAueorcm Saahures Sveecs tfix ieodaBrrtti bta srtnrtnyrtnp poobsguolorahruo- nctyiaiyh idhafetlci,ecntnsrhneuos ml o nu fn nf i liriatAflienCti astvreaodtr or cnsoht w oetdaol g j leohime t,ougcof hounamulas twwme f ie heatnonnolmfir 1t gllbee sMc.wintsAs9efleghrtoaivgl h pl riyou ys as.d np7oina hitmtio cH .ltrscd;n ri g 0ohao eu o ihTtatueeacbrec nfo enfeshe iyffnreelheo,tl h Jle lm.tflardsadoe a iim d we h n nntgicAvTticnwau cp nheegg iPbthioio.efie thelo arla-eclyfulusnoCnp sn iilen o psc.ghetcrtclttpc . iaeinuora i tlhintnGtoeaoblA tsnn yrsgu enmdi ovr t tlabP,itndiyi r(nzSAUndatuaeiti itNqeonencNpenan’u Csshgn ndPisAoi e utlG t atQe dmhElh hvfiMunito iuie acalagaCmwheeftnihm rAoCst v eIoUeor dde.hapafeent d A ivMclocyr eDoa lbDolcafd oFBCrym icpouvlOnogahuimorveimteeirRrmeecinhaI nnsr bni tut tatnC gooqLifion ltluaCifnoeasdi mulir aieliutMsilatanxC Patni)speoceassgOiddrIt lultnCeqE tgear ElfutoAf gl Nueí uiBo,euntf ncRooCoefdofeAasagEotg lorrlrOCmuse tlUrimáorq lvraoaneuaLeeBp cinwsspVoeVa, On hpoarsdpCaagMfqCecllihidpu ue ivoIucMaAóudmeiaqisvreronsqarvruCcaim icauiaomi bclicepíBqid neasaceupyopiralaC tbseeeHIenomPI ool,LArbAuo VTrmaAAEatsanrattyrnoaitlllis ctSEgaettsmoaw a iAhe.BnfownbN VarTteeonatgeaminLhanaolsbnrtEuegas;a dnii tMo SB tAsbtgPcnafCrcZbaea siato eiohhfioaa azn rnrUMOtr ad.eNsaarR sa haocrReSaeugazrEuCoenessaekoexLqlbóGlw CGLu aa cSr huBis zdBonuoréunmeIaaeAntmotSu acShnniarbdhaEnhdogíVdeCnpaíalndate uia ee MA kloohlSpBtNesy r aeeniGlIiacometga n,a S Huu lnuCroR aayCtAJlloceinofRe,iTvhraia lah vnrotu onaedrgaafilesdsBie del irClavaytcd uae ITreCdrlaevei auuee oon ifrGFlNciraz,Pdro rsspSu uG arcsoaAatm siial eeAinsiykUo-lnnmtMáAttaRtindlcatnrin Yahcer(a eebFdtaAs eninAsoroteHbsaed eevUGhN uuu ieKanIsenrAsUgt)UeGslecl oehaiASWAeBseRpnnodpUs eY rUuradgog aoeRunsileMGdcyrndtrrIioscoóUlN a. w dn nhRlAnAt e YvMPCidaiureaod(mIatAGIAiliippeCeflcoFodennna rou ccnFrrrufordaevddioerR igooebmncaatdeluuliAdooenccn honntdEsihcssma enuonmsGetooettPt)sZmtgaerm rruToommbcasitii rnnaaiineotiiinnyioodnaallsc n in eg dAtL zbanahaattht,elut lsae aninCIlteirgnrd.sysnse uoSddrA.tFee e rã yxcsrlu TBioo;neBBtii toJ igaghrePobtfiroLallhuanNa,teane d Aulz ciBnoiiBz Bg ltnfi viioemeeiptr llhuillcililcanrno aaeéretsTaalia meIíoHut.ne g ln rntnirceTIods aecahenduitor rlne iia. e uIifSnz cceefffhimmnabiupVnsdrnLaooiin aesholnaiornsgse-leenrenrgeohrroucetgdna/te coci atwoutre LdtvCmintn, nBattponetssns& eych cri lrtpdSesurpntit pgohseho ecorgyihsaeegtricerrn ã acur toczcoirl-iesR fynallie e ieioKeesnccvictuncA Avdneies n ese eogmdusi lhuAteaisnsmPln idassdarnis gluanlOtoinipnmagedna, nru se smdyggJunCe,rfe at a roe t lngcrrahiicooNthcnaenidounhaiCi fabrleercuiev el eos’lc clorsecyG,eo ma o otu tETrm(cid:31)acViti lihdrrNEtuoni lcoicr eooo-ecope e aonammnIuCdennxaln gvaieIxts pb1234aiacwonppl0aoue,z0pbe0re0ntimesogppsstttw dnoeA0lnoeeuidir0mhu0o0fl laLLl nehrnoimlddoe0aioolexrig0oi0sobo0nvdenaanx pjeuw–tt abor–es –ii–earilSiCt rbictdso1dstrpa rmanllitces 32 ri4 9eeat n5n9ud i ao c9tp t9r a9rF,9ilsedasnaGa0gi9i nNe idovh99rln9ppa bo9ece td0f 9odntadeo 9 e&9l9ueerrdipira u0iidceuoncvlotu d tv anr ieupasosinicgocpaltdlteetstlynuret tisieecersc eeOpPs absr atiezi’( a aanasR.nssrrslUeaasrlrnliinsgtrsi nseseaatir rbrhaic gcSanrCMsee luiiey ngfe$n i ae sag.s) cENeiaótMAalN NEETwrguieftdUMActePcCpcsnaaehhnoeaaxxanhreomiciranmvoerusplrtnnnigemdlriqaneiss ovegmaeferrt rpntfddpmhpaegynuAoovaoiirhrinamtaeaooeeiodnvnaeruipr tdseainssloitrmedcnsprfinlcaeesveegoiuirieab srs oiianmvayrrciio attpe.nnr ny utteanns r e taiePtm.ooaimdtgTar sffAge .ltledtizpelgg bo ieeaT ofCfcsofsad. 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