Reference Data for Engineers: Radio, Electronics, Computers and Communications

1652 Pages·2001·155.708 MB·English

by  M.E. Van Valkenburg, Wendy M. Middleton

Reference Data for
Engineers'.
Radio, Electronics,
Computer, and
Communications
Ninth Edition
Mac E. Van Valkenburg, Editor-in-Chief, Eighth Edition
Wendy M. Middleton, Editor-in-Chief, Ninth Edition
Originally titled, Reference Data for Radio Engineers
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DEDICATION
IN MEMORIAM
Mac E. Van Valkenburg
1921-1997
IN MEMORIAM
Edward C. Jordan
1910-1991
Preface
The ninth edition provides new knowledge in the fields of satellite technology, space communication, microwave science, telecom-
munication, global positioning systems, frequency data, and radar. Also revised and updated were the chapters on intellectual prop-
erty and patents, probability and design, power electronicsmrectifiers, filter, and power supplies, properties of materials, units,
constants and conversion factors, active filter design, antennas, integrated circuits, digital signal processing, and surface acoustic
wave devices.
I am sure that as you read this text you will also appreciate the hard work and expertise of these authors. This edition of Reference
Data for Electrical Engineers will continue its tradition of being an important reference text for all electrical engineers.
Highlights of Updated Chapters
Chapter 1: Radio Frequency Spectrum Management and Time Frequency Standards - by F. Matos
(cid:12)9 ITU information is available on the web for download.
(cid:12)9 While the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act did open the door for auctions, it only authorized them for a short time. A bet-
ter reference is: Radiofrequency Spectrum Management: Background, Status, and Current Issues, January 30, 2001, Richard
M. Nunno, Congressional Research Service, Washington, DC Order Code RL30829.
(cid:12)9 The GPS Time Scale began on January 6, 1980 and is not adjusted for leap seconds. Therefore, it differs from UTC by the
number of leap seconds that have occurred January 6, 1980. As of June 2001, GPS Time is 13 seconds ahead of UTC.
(cid:12)9 Much of the data in this chapter cross-references with Chapter 37 on GPS.
(cid:12)9 The updates on GPS before and after S/A was turned off are quite good, as is the discussion of the merits of different types of
atomic clocks.
(cid:12)9 For up-to-date GPS information, the web address for the United States Coast Guard Navigation Center is:
http://www.navcen.uscg.gov/
(cid:12)9 For the readers' reference: A nanometer is 10-9 meter. The meter is defined as: the length of the path traveled by light in vac-
uum during a time interval of 1/299 792 458 of a second.
(cid:12)9 The constant for the speed of light can be found at: http://www.physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?clsearch_for=light
Chapter 3: Units, Constants, and Conversion Factors - by E. Mechtly
(cid:12)9 Temperatures are discussed in the context of Table 2, SI Base and Derived Units. See entries for Kelvin and for degree Celsius
in Table 2.
(cid:12)9 Many tables were updated. The style information on how to correctly express different units is a resource that many will be
likely to use in the future.
(cid:12)9 The values for constants have been updated and citations including worldwide web addresses have been added.
Chapter 4: Properties of Materials - by E. Mechtly
(cid:12)9 The most current versions of the table of Superconducting Materials can be found at intemet sources such as the NIST Super-
conducting Materials Database at http://www.ceramics.nist.gov/srd or by the "High-T (critical) Update," sponsored by the
Argonne National Laboratory at http://www.iitap.iastate.edu.
(cid:12)9 The tables on wires, gauges, and drills sizes lie on the interface between engineering and shop technology. Here, again, the
intemet offers a multitude of equivalent sources. For example, a web search for "wire gauge" or "AWG" yields many sources.
Likewise, does a search for "drills."
Chapter 10: Active Filter Design - by R. Schaumann
(cid:12)9 GHz applications and three amplifier filters sections have been updated.
(cid:12)9 The chapter now has additional detail on switched filters.
Chapter 14: Power ElectronicsmRectifiers, Filters, and Power Supplies - by O. Pauk
(cid:12)9 Manufacturer's data sheets are now available for free download from the web as PDF files.
(cid:12)9 m~ormauon on sw~tcnmg power supplies is ot la]gla qual]ty and is up-to-date.
Chapter 16: Electron Tubes - by D. Abe, R. Abrams, B. Danly, H. Freund, K. Jensen, B. Levush, R. Myers, R. Parker, J. Shaw,
A. Shih, and J. Yater
(cid:12)9 For more than fifty years, the venerable vacuum tube has proved to be the technology of choice for many applications. The
advent of solid-state power amplifiers has also made a profound impact. This healthy technological competition has no doubt
been to the benefit of both technologies, and the reader should not mistake the proud history of vacuum electronics as an indi-
cation of a technology at its sunset.
(cid:12)9 This chapter describes the numerous advances in the area of vacuum electronics, which continue to make the technology the
appropriate choice for many applications. Present-day applications for microwave tubes include satellite and terrestrial com-
munications, industrial and scientific applications from heating materials to heating fusion reactors, and continuing military
applications, such as radar and electronic warfare.
(cid:12)9 Driven by these continuing needs, this technology area has continued to see impressive advances in recent times, as described
in this chapter.
Chapter 20: Integrated Circuits - by H. Hosack
(cid:12)9 Updated information and figures add to this essential chapter.
(cid:12)9 New information has been added on MEM's and submicron topics.
Chapter 27: Satellite and Space Communications - by G. Hyde
(cid:12)9 A discussion of Iridium is included in the chapter. However, Iridium's fate is far from clear.
(cid:12)9 BSS definition: Broadcast Satellite Services.
(cid:12)9 DARS definition: Digital Audio Radio System.
(cid:12)9 ALOHA definition: A made-up name, not an acronym - made up by Prof. Abramson (of the University of Hawaii, of course)
Somebody may have fitted words to the letters, but the author did not hear it defined by Abramson when he lectured on it at
Comsat Labs many years ago.
Multi-beam antennas of 15 meters diameter for MSS are mentioned at the end of the Spacecraft Antenna section.
(cid:12)9
(cid:12)9 Note that 3G wireless is a future system and it is not clear when it will supersede 2.5G, which seems to be growing rapidly.
Chapter 28: Discrete-Time Signal Processing - by K. Jenkins and D. Jones
(cid:12)9 The SAW filter data has been updated.
(cid:12)9 Advances in Digital signal processing have been presented.
(cid:12)9 Technological improvements in Surface Acoustic design techniques are covered.
Chapter 32: Antennas - by R. Hansen
(cid:12)9 Updated data on antennas.
Chapter 36: Radar - by M. Skolnik
(cid:12)9 Information of the newest advances in Radar.
Chapter 37: Radio Navigation Systems - by D. Jablonski
(cid:12)9 The most recent data on GPS.
(cid:12)9 Information on the remaining uses for LORAN.
(cid:12)9 Insights into upcoming changes in the field.
Chapter 38: Common Carrier Transmission - by L. Sibley
(cid:12)9 Provides good information on DSL.
Chapter 44: Probability and Statistics - by S. Gupta
(cid:12)9 Gives concise clear data for design use.
Chapter 46: Cellular Telecommunications Systems - by W. Lee
(cid:12)9 Updates on 3G and IMT-2000.
Chapter 49: Miscellaneous Data - by D. Bender
(cid:12)9 Copyright law changes highlighted.
(cid:12)9 Intellectual property protection strategies outlined.
Wendy M. Middleton
February 2001
Contributors
David K. Abe (Ch. 16)
Electronics Engineer, Vacuum Electronics Branch, Electronic Systems and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory.
Member IEEE, APS.
Richard H. Abrams, Jr. (Ch. 16)
Head, Emission Sources Section, Vacuum Electronics Branch, Naval Research Laboratory.
Member IEEE, APS, AAAS, AOC.
Richard W. Avery (Ch. 38)
Member of Technical Staff. AT&T - Bell Laboratories.
Fred J. Banzi (Ch. 13)
Member of Technical Staff. AT&T - Bell Laboratories.
Member IEEE.
Pier L. Bargellini (Ch. 27)
Senior Scientist (retired), COMSAT Laboratories.
Fellow IEEE.
Assoc. Fellow AIAA.
Stanley Baron (Ch. 35)
Managing Director Technical Development, National Broadcasting Co. (NBC).
Fellow SMPTE.
Member Royal Television Society.
Past Engineering Vice-President SMPTE.
Chair, CCIR TG 11/3 - Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting.
David Sarnoff Gold Medal.
David Bender (Ch. 49)
Counsel, White & Case (New York).
American Bar Assn.
Computer Law Assn. Board of Directors.
American Intellectual Property Law Assn.
Member ACM.
Richard E. Blahut (Ch. 25)
IBM Fellow, IBM Corporation.
Fellow IEEE.
Past-President IEEE/GIT.
National Academy of Engineering.
Robert Blasczczyk (Ch. 5)
Applications Engineer, VRN Division of Vernitron Corp.
John Bohrer (Ch. 5)
Consultant, Bohrcon.
Past-Chairman ECC.
Past-president AI Chem.
John F. X. Browne (Ch. 35)
President, John E X. Browne and Associates.
Fellow SMPTE.
Governor SMPTE.
Senior Member IEEE.
Past-President Assn. of Federal Communications Consulting Engineers.
Charles A. Cain (Ch. 49)
Professor of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of Michigan.
Senior Member IEEE.
Member of Directors, Bioelectromagnetic Society.
Bernard B. Carnigila (Ch. 13)
Member of Technical Staff. AT&T- Bell Laboratories.
Dorothy H. Cerni (Ch. 2)
Technical Information Specialist, Institute for Telecommunication Sciences, National Telecommunications and Information
Administration (NITA).
Pallab K. Chatterjee (Ch. 20)
Vice-President and Chief Technical Officer, Components Section, Director Research and Development, Texas Instruments, Inc.
Fellow IEEE.
Member APS.
Marvin Chodorow (Ch. 16 & 17)
Professor Emeritus of Applied Physics and Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University.
Fellow IEEE.
Lamme Medal (1982).
W. R. G. Baker Award (1962).
Erich Christian (Ch. 9)
Master of Advanced Engineering, ITr Telecom (retired).
Professor North Carolina State University.
Senior Member IEEE.
Robert Coakley (Ch. 12)
President, Elenex Corp.
Fellow (British) IEEE.
Douglass D. Crombie (Ch. 2 & 33)
Senior Editor, The Aerospace Corporation.
Former Director of the Institute of Telecommunication Science, National Telecommunications And Information Administration
(NITA).
Chief Scientist (retired) NITA.
National Academy of Engineering.
Fellow IEEE.
Bruce G. Danly (Ch. 16)
Supervisory Research Physicist, Head, High Power Devices Section, Vacuum Electronics Branch, Naval Research Laboratory.
Member IEEE, APS.
Member of the Team awarded DoD Robert L. Woods Award for Development of the High-power 94 GHz Gyro-Klystron
technology.
Thijs de Hass (Ch. 2)
Networks and Systems Division, ITS, National Telecommunications And Information Administration (NITA).
Georges A. Deschamps (Ch. 31 & 44)
Professor Emeritus of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC.
National Academy of Engineering.
Fellow IEEE, AAAS.
Member APS.
Thomas DeTemple (Ch. 41)
Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC.
Senior Member IEEE.
Member APS.
Michiel deWitt (Ch. 20)
Senior Member, Technical Staff, Texas Instruments, Inc.
Member IEEE, APS.
John J. Dupre (Ch. 12)
R&D Section Manager, Lightwave Instruments, Hewlett-Packard Co.
Member IEEE.
John D. Dyson (Ch. 31)
Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC.
Fellow IEEE.
Member APS, MTT, I and M, EMC, Antenna Standards Committee.
Hermann Fickenscher (Ch. 13)
Supervisor, Magnetic Components Group, AT&T - Bell Laboratories.
Senior Member IEEE.
Member Electronics Transformers Technical Committee.
Arthur Fong (Ch. 12)
Manager (retired) Corporate Engineering Design, Hewlett-Packard Corp.
Fellow IEEE.
Henry P. Freund (Ch. 16)
Senior Research Physicist, Science Applications International Corp.
Member and Fellow APS.
New York Academy of Sciences.
Chester S. Gardner (Ch. 22)
Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC.
Fellow OSA, IEEE.
Vice-Chairman for Remote Sensing OS Technical Council.
Mario Gerla (Ch. 26)
Professor and Vice-Chair of Computer Science, University of Califomia, Los Angeles.
Member IEEE.
Fulbright Fellow.
Stephen J. Greer (Ch. 12)
Interface Engineer, Hewlett-Packard Co.
Member IEEE.
Secretary IEC/SC/G5C Working Group.
Surendra M. Gupta (Ch. 44)
Director of Laboratory for Responsible Manufacturing. Northeastern University, Boston, MA.
Professor of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering.
Member IIE, INFORMS, DSI, POMS, APICS.
Elected Member of Alpha Pi Mu Honor Society, Delta Mu Delta Honor Society, Sigma Xi Honor Society, Tau Beta Pi Honor
Society.
2000 Outstanding Research Award, Northwestern University.
Registered Professional Engineer, MA.
Robert C. Hansen (Ch. 32)
President, R. C. Hansen, Inc.
Phi Kappa Phi, Tau Beta Pi, Eta Kappa Nu.
Fellow IEE and IEEE.
National Academy of Engineering.
Mark Harward (Ch. 20)
Member of Technical Staff, Texas Instruments, Inc.
Member IEEE.
Member Eta Kappa Nu.
Charles F. Hempstead (Ch. 13)
Supervisor (retired), Magnetics and Characterization, AT&T - Bell Laboratories.
Harold H. Hosack (Ch. 20)
Associate Director, Materials and Process Science, Semiconductor Research Corp.
Bill J. Hunsinger (Ch. 28)
Co-Chair, Comlinear Corp.
Fellow IEEE.
Geoffrey Hyde (Ch. 27)
Editor-in-Chief, Space Communications Journal (lOS Press).
Fellow and Life Fellow IEEE.
Member IEEE-USA APC, IEEE (AP-S, Comm. Soc.), USNC/URSI Comm. B and F, AIAA.
IEEE AP-S Best Paper Award 1967.
RCA Samoff Fellowships 1964, 1965.
Tatsuo Itoh (Ch. 29)
Hayden Head Professor in Engineering, University of Texas.
Fellow IEEE.
Editor IEEE Transactions, MMT.
Chairman Microwave Field Theory Comm.
Daniel G. Jablonski (Ch. 37)
Member Principal Professional Staff, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics.
Instructor, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University.
Adjunct Professor, Capitol College, Laurel, MD.
Senior Member IEEE.
Member American Physical Society.
Licensed Professional Engineer, MD.
Horace G. Jackson (Ch. 19)
Lecturer, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley.
W. Kenneth Jenkins (Ch. 28)
Head of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State College.
Fellow IEEE.
IEEE Millenium Medal, 2000.
IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Golden Jubilee Medal, 2000.
Co-winner of the 2000 International Award of the George Montefiore Foundation (U. of Liege, Belgium) for outstanding career
contributions to the field of Electrical Engineering.
Recipient of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society Meritorious Service Award (1990).
Past President of IEEE Circuits and Systems Society (1985).
Kevin Lynn Jensen (Ch. 16)
Research Physicist, Electron Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory.
Member APS, IEEE, NYAS, MRS, ECS.
Amos E. Joel (Ch. 39)
Switching Consultant, Bell Telephone Laboratories (retired).
National Academy of Engineering.
Fellow IEEE.
IEEE Medal of Honor (1992).
ITU Centenary Award (1983).
Alexander Graham Bell Medal (1976).
Douglas L. Jones (Ch. 28)
Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UIUC.
Fellow IEEE.
Fulbright Fellow (1987-88).
Durwood R. Kressler (Ch. 13)
Member of Technical Staff, AT&T - Bell Laboratories.
Kenneth R. Laker (Ch. 10)
Alfred Fitler Moore Professor of Electrical Engineering, University of Pennsylvania.
Formerly, Supervisor, Signal Processing Subsystems Group, AT&T - Bell Laboratories.
Fellow IEEE.
Past-President Circuits and Systems Society.
President, Division 1 of IEEE.
William C. Y. Lee (Ch. 46)
Chairman of LinkAir Communications, Inc. and developer of LAS-CDMA--a new patented technology for wireless telecom
systems.
Baruch Levush (Ch. 16)
Head of Theory and Design Section, Vacuum Electronics Branch, Electronics Science and Technology division, Naval Research
Laboratories.
Member IEEE, APS.
Fellow IEEE.
Member of the Team awarded DoD Robert L. Woods Award for Development of the High-power 94 GHz Gyro-Klystron
technology.
Sigfried Linkwitz (Ch. 12)
EMC Specialist, Hewlett Packard Company.
Satwinder D. S. Malhi (Ch. 20)
Member Technical Staff, Texas Instruments, Inc.
Member IEEE.