Recent trends in image and signal processing in computer vision

293 Pages·2020·6.481 MB·English

by  Jain S., Paul S (ed.)

Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 1124
Shruti Jain
Sudip Paul   Editors
Recent Trends
in Image
and Signal
Processing in
Computer Vision
Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
Volume 1124
Series Editor
Janusz Kacprzyk, Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Warsaw, Poland
Advisory Editors
Nikhil R. Pal, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
Rafael Bello Perez, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Computing,
Universidad Central de Las Villas, Santa Clara, Cuba
Emilio S. Corchado, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
Hani Hagras, School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University
of Essex, Colchester, UK
László T. Kóczy, Department of Automation, Széchenyi István University,
Gyor, Hungary
Vladik Kreinovich, Department of Computer Science, University of Texas
at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
Chin-Teng Lin, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chiao
Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Jie Lu, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology,
University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
Patricia Melin, Graduate Program of Computer Science, Tijuana Institute
of Technology, Tijuana, Mexico
Nadia Nedjah, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rio de
Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Ngoc Thanh Nguyen , Faculty of Computer Science and Management,
Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław, Poland
Jun Wang, Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering,
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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Shruti Jain Sudip Paul
(cid:129)
Editors
Recent Trends in Image
and Signal Processing
in Computer Vision
123
Editors
Shruti Jain SudipPaul
Department ofElectronics Department ofBiomedical Engineering
andCommunication Engineering North-Eastern Hill University
JaypeeUniversity ofInformation Shillong,Meghalaya, India
Technology
Waknaghat, Himachal Pradesh, India
ISSN 2194-5357 ISSN 2194-5365 (electronic)
Advances in Intelligent Systems andComputing
ISBN978-981-15-2739-5 ISBN978-981-15-2740-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2740-1
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Preface
The aim of publishing the book is to serve for undergraduate graduate and post-
graduate students, researchers, academicians, policymakers, various Government
officials, academicians, technocrats, and industry research professionals who are
currently working in the field of academic research and research industry to
improve lifespan of general public in the area of recent advances and upcoming
technologies utilizing computational intelligence in signal processing, computing,
imaging science artificial intelligence, and their applications. As the book includes
recent trends in research issues and applications, the contents will be beneficial to
professors, research scholars, researchers, and engineers. This book will provide
support and aid to the researchers involved in designing image/signal processing
problems in computer vision that will permit the societal acceptance of ambient
intelligence. Computer vision is a recently emerging area in fundamental and
applied research, exploiting a number of advanced information processing tech-
nologies that mainly embody neural networks, fuzzy logic, machine learning, and
evolutionary computation. The “Recent Trends in Image/Signal Processing in
Computer Vision” book encompasses all branches of artificial intelligence and
machine learning which are based on computation at some level such as artificial
neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, fuzzy systems, and medical automatic
identificationintelligencesystem.Itpresentsthelatestresearchbeingconductedon
diverse topics in intelligence technologies with the goal of advancing knowledge
and applications in this rapidly evolving field.
Recent research showed that there is a strong relation between acetone con-
centrationandketonelevelavailableinhumanbodyinpredictionofdiabetes.There
areseveralwaystodiagnosediabeticpatientandmostoftheconventionalmethods
use invasive method. Chapter covering “Microcontroller based detection of
Diabetes and Ketosis State using Breath Sensors” gives a glimpse of non-invasive
method in prediction and diagnosis of diabetic patient. It takes human breath from
sensitiveglucosesensortogetasinputtoestimateacetoneconcentrationandketone
levelstogivethepredictionofbloodglucoselevelasresultoutput.Asanendresult
itcanprovidefastandreal-timefacilitywithgreatcomfortintreatmentandfurther
in their more healthy life.
v
vi Preface
Traffic management and maintaining efficient and effective vehicle information
is not an easy task in populated cities and countries. This is one of the biggest
challenges whatever whole world is facing nowadays. It needs a novel approach
that can fulfill the requirement of increasing traffic density in peak hours and also
increasing number of vehicles day by day. One of the possible solutions that can
solve this problem at certain level is “An Effective Graph-cut Segmentation
ApproachforLicensePlateDetection”thatisbrieflydescribedinthischapterwith
implementation of segmentation algorithm and comparison of other methods that
are currently in use.
Electromyogram(EMG)signalsareusefulindiagnosisandpreventionofseveral
life threatening diseases. It is one of the basic tests done in the diagnosis of
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). ALS is one of the neuromuscular and pro-
gressive motor neuron diseases. Gradual degradation of neuronal activity affects
electricalpotentialofmotorpointsleadingtodecreasedmuscularmobilityofbody
parts. Destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord causes decreased
control over voluntary muscle nerves. ALS detection can be done in several ways
by analyzing parametric changes in their EMG signals. One of the novel methods
that can be utilized in this is described in the chapter named “Iterative Filtering
Based Automated Method for Detection of Normal and ALS EMG Signals” that
can provide a better diagnostic result.
Solar and renewable energies are becoming more and more important as we
know fossil fuels are limited and its reserves are decreasing day by day. These
resources are used in production of electricity and different types of other utilities.
Asweknownewtechnologiesalwaysfaceseveralchallengesinearlystages,inthe
same way solar energy generation and transmission is also facing in terms of high
productioncost, lowefficiency,andseveral environmental issues. Amongallthese
issues solar monitoring is also playing a major role in remote areas power gener-
ation. An effective monitoring technology and development of a novel monitoring
systemforsolarpowergenerationandtransmissioncansortoutpowercutproblem
up to a certain level in remote areas and hilly terrains.
Registration through thermal and visible light images can increase the early
detection of disease. Visible images registration can support in various forms of
medical image processing and also in industrial image processing. Various
parameters that are crucial in processing, detection, and predictions are contrast
variation, number of pixels, and texture. To cope with all these parameters an
automatic system calibrated in précised manner can give a better result with high
accuracy. “An automatic thermal and visible image registration using a calibration
rig” chapter is covering this aspect in detailed and descriptive way.
Heavy Duty Gas Turbines (HDGT) which ensures clean and efficient electrical
power generation in grid connected operation experiences load disturbances on
regular basis. Proportional plus Integral plus Derivative (PID) controller has been
introduced to simple cycle gas turbines rated from 18.2MW to 106.7MW. In
addition,fuzzygainscheduledPIDcontrollerhasbeenproposedandtheirdynamic
behavior is analyzed. The simulation results in terms of time-domain parameters
Preface vii
and error criteria reveal that the fuzzy gain scheduled PID controller yields better
response during dynamic and steady-state period.
Smartphone application for colorimetric quantification of bimolecular samples
may give good results in terms of potential usage in biomedical imaging and
analysis. Android and iOS being the most popular and versatile operating systems
(OS) have been used to develop the software application. The developed app can
take theimagesofthesamplethroughthesmartphonecameraandtherebyanalyze
and display the concentration of the given biomolecule with good accuracy.
Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus is incomplete without the evaluation of the
Dopplerultrasonography,asitindicatesthefluidpressureinthewallsofthemajor
blood vessels. Doppler USG is a non-invasive imaging technique that detects the
vessel blockage and blood clots in the arteries. The technique of Doppler electro-
cardiography uses high-frequency sound waves to create an image of the heart
while the use of Doppler technology allows determination of the speed and
direction of blood flow by utilizing the Doppler Effect.
Quality of individuals’ life depends on the advancements of the engineering
applications to the healthcare technologies which has a major significance in eco-
nomic, scientific, and societal terms. All health economies are facing challenges
worldwideincomposinganeffectiveandeconomicalsystemthatisfullysufficientfor
thefinancial,clinical,andancillaryneedsinhealthcare.Duetothiscriticalchallenge,
itissometimesunsatisfactoryandunsustainableandneedsmoreattention.Overthe
last few decades, the life expectancy has increased significantly, so major area of
concernistheelderlypeople.Theyoftenneedassistanceduetodifficultiesinmobility,
dementia,orotherhealthproblems.Insuchcases,anautonomousmodernadvanced
healthcaresupportingsystemishelpfulinthesecases.
Biomaterialscantransformfutureofsurgeryandcanenhancenotonlythetissue
regenerationbutalsominimizeimmuneresponsesandinhibitanykindofinfection.
Promises of developing materials that have the ability to promote regeneration
of the tissue for the whole body have not yet become a solid reality. Due to
emergence of nanotechnology, tissue engineering has been able to experience a
greatdealofprogressinrecentyears.Bytheuseofnano-texturedsurfacefeatures,
tissue regeneration on a grand scale can be achieved. Biomaterial development
strategies can be broadly classified into two sectors—primarily being through
altered chemistry and the second method involves altering the physical implant
properties like generating nano-meter surface features and in return varying the
roughness of surface. Consequently, selective tailoring of biomaterials is done by
varying chemical as well as physical factors to optimize favorable cellular inter-
actions. This chapter’s focus is to understand the essence of nanotechnology in
tissue engineering applications.
Road traffic management is of importance to traffic engineers and road users.
Severalattemptsatthemanagementoftrafficandtrafficcongestionhavecomeshort
of reaching the desired goals because of the lack of suitable techniques for allo-
cating time to various intersecting traffic routes. A suitable model for analyzing
road network congestion and the concept of busy-hour from telecommunication
theorycanfulfilltheneedofthehour.Toovercomethis,algorithmisdevelopedin
viii Preface
Microsoft Studio Developer Platform with Fortran. The numerical results obtained
inthisshowthatthetelecommunicationsapproachcanbeusedtoindicatethestate
of congestion on a traffic route.
CardiovascularDiseases(CVDs)arenowoneofthemainreasonsfordeath,due
topoorlifestylemanagement.Populationlivinginruralanddistantplacesisdevoid
of access to medical experts, especially in the field of cardiology, which leads to
worst healthcare services. A novel diagnostic system for real-time predictive
analysis based on ECG data and related health parameters/symptoms can provide
instantsuggestiontocardiologistsacrosstheglobe.Tele-cardiologymayprovidea
better possible solution by providing timely diagnosis and medication to rural
populations and hence can save human lives.
As the medical field is moving toward the digital world, the security of the
medical data had raised a concern to the people. The medical data like patient
information, medical history being stored in digital image. Medical images are
regarded as important and sensitive data in the medical informatics systems. For
transferring medical images among physicians over an insecure network, devel-
oping a secure encryption algorithm is necessary. Steganography is the method of
protection of files such as images, videos, or text messages by concealing their
information from unauthorized users using methods of encryption and masking of
data and embedding them into different image or text file. Often medical records
contain specific images regarding diagnosis, videos of research and special
authorized experiments, physical examination, and other important visual details
perhaps required for research.
Breastcancerisoneofthemostlifefrighteningdiseasesinwomen.Itarisesdue
totheuncontrolledgrowthofcellsinthebreast.Theareasufferingfromdamageis
known as a lesion that is classified as benign and malignant. Classification can be
done on breast lesions using a ratio texture feature obtained from the texture fea-
tures calculated inside the lesion (IAI) and the texture feature calculated on the
upper side of the lesion (UAI). Statistical texture features like EDGE, SFM,
NGTDM,FOS,GLCM,GLRLM,andGLDSarecalculated.TheSVMclassifieris
used to classify the lesions on the basis of ratio texture feature.
Software-Defined Radio (SDR) is a radio in which numeral physical layer
functions are performed by using the software. SDR system design is a complex
process. Performance of Bit Error Rate (BER) for different signals, i.e., image,
video, and random signals and describe the essential concept for the development
of the SDR-based transceiver model for QPSK and BPSK modulation scheme and
analyze the performance of the system in MATLAB. The performance of the
coherentreceiverisevaluatedatthecertaindelayforQPSKmodulationschemeand
for multiple transmissions BER is evaluated at an instantaneous delay.
Shifting behavior offarmers from agriculture to other fields is alarming. Major
factorsaffectingfarmingareinitiativestakenbycentralandstategovernmentsfrom
time to time in this context should be taken into consideration. Based on several
factors and dimensions, innovative ways to manage agri-preneurship should
be applied. Besides this, other areas such as farm tourism must also be explored.
Preface ix
An attempt has to be made to motivate youth and women in family offarmers to
provide support in this initiative.
In today’s world, Internet is an emerging technology with exponential user
growth.Amajorconcernwiththatistheincreaseoftoxiconlinecontentbypeople
of different backgrounds. With the expansion of deep learning, quite a lot of
researches have inclined toward using their deep neural networks for abundant
discipline. Even for Natural Language Processing (NLP)-based tasks, deep net-
works specifically Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) and its types are lately being
considered over the traditional shallow networks.
The Wigner–Ville Distribution (WVD) gives a very high resolution time-
frequency distribution but diminishes due to the existence of cross-terms. The
suppressionofcross-termsinWVDiscrucialtogettheactualenergydistributionin
Time-Frequency (TF) plane. The variational mode decomposition is applied to
decompose a multi-component signal into corresponding mono-components and
intercross-termsaresuppressedduetoseparationofmono-components.Thereafter,
segmentation is applied in time domain to remove intra cross-terms present due to
nonlinearity in frequency modulation. The obtained components are processed to
get WVD of each component. Finally, all the collected WVDs are added to get
complete time-frequency representation.
Waknaghat, India Shruti Jain
Shillong, India Sudip Paul