Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering Shriram Hegde Abhishek Mishra D. K. Singh Editors Recent Developments in Mechanics and Design Select Proceedings of INCOME 2021 Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering Series Editors Fakher Chaari, National School of Engineers, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia Francesco Gherardini , Dipartimento di Ingegneria “Enzo Ferrari”, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Vitalii Ivanov, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Machines and Tools, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine Editorial Board Francisco Cavas-Martínez , Departamento de Estructuras, Construcción y Expresión Gráfica Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena, Murcia, Spain Francesca di Mare, Institute of Energy Technology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany Mohamed Haddar, National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Sfax, Tunisia Young W. Kwon, Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Aerospace Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering and Applied Science, Monterey, CA, USA Justyna Trojanowska, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering (LNME) publishes the latest develop- ments in Mechanical Engineering—quickly, informally and with high quality. Original research reported in proceedings and post-proceedings represents the core of LNME. Volumes published in LNME embrace all aspects, subfields and new challenges of mechanical engineering. Topics in the series include: • Engineering Design • Machinery and Machine Elements • Mechanical Structures and Stress Analysis • Automotive Engineering • Engine Technology • Aerospace Technology and Astronautics • Nanotechnology and Microengineering • Control, Robotics, Mechatronics • MEMS • Theoretical and Applied Mechanics • Dynamical Systems, Control • Fluid Mechanics • Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer • Manufacturing • Precision Engineering, Instrumentation, Measurement • Materials Engineering • Tribology and Surface Technology To submit a proposal or request further information, please contact the Springer Editor of your location: China: Ms. Ella Zhang at [email protected] India: Priya Vyas at [email protected] Rest of Asia, Australia, New Zealand: Swati Meherishi at [email protected] All other countries: Dr. Leontina Di Cecco at [email protected] To submit a proposal for a monograph, please check our Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering at https://link.springer.com/bookseries/11693 or contact [email protected] Indexed by SCOPUS. All books published in the series are submitted for consideration in Web of Science. · · Shriram Hegde Abhishek Mishra D. K. Singh Editors Recent Developments in Mechanics and Design Select Proceedings of INCOME 2021 Editors Shriram Hegde Abhishek Mishra Department of Applied Mechanics Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi National Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi, Delhi, India New Delhi, Delhi, India D. K. Singh Department of Mechanical Engineering Netaji Subhas University of Technology New Delhi, Delhi, India ISSN 2195-4356 ISSN 2195-4364 (electronic) Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ISBN 978-981-19-4139-9 ISBN 978-981-19-4140-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4140-5 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore Preface Mechanical engineering is the application of scientific principles, mathematical knowledge, and various techniques from designing to manufacturing of a highly innovative product, process or a system. The principles of mechanics help us to analyse the transmission of force, motion, and power in mechanisms and machines. The application of mechanical engineering design principles not only enables the product to be functional and safe, but also enables it to be reliable, competitive, usable, manufacturable, and marketable. It is our immense pleasure to present the academicians, practicing engineers and scholars, the proceedings of 1st International Conference “International Conference on Mechanical Engineering (INCOME 2021)” held during 25–26 November 2021, which was organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), New Delhi. This conference is the start for the series envisioned on recent developments and advances in field of Mechanical Engi- neering. The papers written by renowned and recognized experts in their fields serve as a reference and guide for future research. The conference was well received by the industrial personals, academicians and research scholars. The proceeding consists of papers contributed by leading academicians, research scholars and industrial experts. The conference papers focus on contemporary research in numerical and experimental simulation of Mechanics and Design domain. The papers are a blend of research contribution from industry and academia, and are subdivided into the following three categories: • Design and Optimization • Mechanics of Composite • Modelling and Simulation The technical advisory committee is pleased to mention that the papers have been received on all these topics. A total of 130 papers were received by the Reviewing Committee. Following a qualitative peer-review of all papers, 29 papers were accepted for Mechanics and Design domain and 30 papers were accepted for Thermal and Fluids domain. Around 250+ academicians, research scholars and industrial experts attended the conference in the online and offline mode. In all, v vi Preface papers with quality research with contemporary trends in Mechanical Engineering were presented during the conference. Such voluminous proceedings were not possible without the generous support received from various quarters. The Organizing Committee would like to put on record its deep appreciation for the persistent efforts of all the reviewers, whose efforts positively influenced the quality of the final papers presented at the conference. We are grateful to all the authors for their contributions to enrich this international conference. We also express our gratitude to the members of the different committees for their support, collaboration and hard work. It is our immense pleasure to express our heartful gratitude to Prof. P. K. Desai, President ISTE; Prof. Y. K. D. K. Prasad, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Prof. Amit Swamy, Emirates College of Technology, UAE; Prof. N. Zoyimovich, School of Robotics, XJTLU, China and other colleagues from India and abroad. Special acknowledgement to the keynote lecture by Prof. R. K. Yadav, ADM, Pragati Power Plant, Delhi. We also acknowledge the generous support received from Mr. Priyank Garg, Jt. Managing Director, Advance Valves Pvt. Ltd., Noida, India. We wish to thank the sponsoring/collaborating companies and other institutions for their supports and grants. And finally, thanks to all the participants of INCOME 2021. New Delhi, India Shriram Hegde January 2022 Abhishek Mishra D. K. Singh Contents Analysis of Single Overload Effect on Fatigue Crack Propagation Using Modified Virtual Crack Annealing Model ...................... 1 Chandra Kant and G. A. Harmain Design of Experiments Technique for Evaluation of Material Removal and Surface Quality of Ductile Material ..................... 9 Palwinder Singh, Lakhvir Singh, and Sehijpal Singh 4D Printing—A Smart Way of 3D Printing: A Brief Review ........... 25 Pretesh John, Venkateswara Rao Komma, and Skylab Paulas Bhore Stabilization and Trajectory Control of High-Altitude Balloons for Rockoons—A Review ........................................... 35 A. A. Mandal A Review on “Designs and Fabrication” for the Next Generation of Organic Solar Cells Technology .................................. 45 Neeraj Kant and Pushpendra Singh Parametric Study of Stiffened Composite Structures Using Design of Experiments .................................................... 59 Nagaraj Kishor Kelageri, Deepak C. Patil, and Santosh Nandurkar Design and Optimization of Trestle Jack ............................. 69 M. Sadiq A. Pachapuri, R. G. Lingannavar, Nagaraj K. Kelageri, and Sudarshan Kasar Simulation of a Vision-Based Model of a Robotic Work Cell (6-Axis) ... 83 Mitul Milind Gajbhiye, Amol Chaudhary, and Sangharatna Ramteke Numerical Simulations of an Interaction of a Blast Wave Produced from a Shock Tube with an Object Placed at Various Positions ......... 93 Datti Ganapathi and Abhishek Kundu vii viii Contents The Influence of Notch-Width Ratio on Mechanical and Electromagnetic Radiation Parameters During Tensile Deformation in FCC Metals ........................................ 101 Anu Anand and Rajeev Kumar Comparison of In-Vitro Corrosion Behavior for Polished and WEDM Machined ZM21 Magnesium Alloy Used as Biodegradable Orthopedic Implants .............................. 115 Sarbjeet Singh Investigation of Angular Distortion Using Mathematical Modelling in TIG Welded Dissimilar Stainless Steel 304 and 316 Grades .......... 131 Deeksha Narwariya, Aditya Kumar Rathi, and Pradeep Khanna Development of Probe for Arsenic and Fluoride Detection in Drinking Water ................................................. 145 Shivani Pandey, Satanand Mishra, H. N. Bhargaw, and Archana Singh Study of Smart Sensor Designing Parameters for Water Resources Management ...................................................... 161 Tanmay Sardar, Satanand Mishra, and Shivani Pandey Redesign of Assembly Line for Productivity Enhance in an Automotive Industry Using Line Balancing Technique ........... 173 S. Karthik, S. Palani, and Ganapathy Srinivasan Experimental Characterization and FEA Comparison Between Wave and Helical Springs .......................................... 185 S. Balodi and P. Pratim Mechanical Properties Enrichment of Glass Fiber Epoxy by Sugarcane Baggage ............................................. 203 Punita Kumari, Ashraf Alam, and Saahil A Neural Network Based Approach to Determine Chatter Stability in Milling for a Variable Pitch Cutter ................................ 213 Pritam Ghoshal Effect of Chromium on Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of Ferrous Metal Matrix Composites by Using Powder Metallurgy Route ............................................................ 225 K. R. Varadaraj, Sanjay Kumar, H. R. Vitala, M. K. Ravishankar, and B. P. Dileep Study of Effect of Protrusions on Cones in Hypersonic Flow ........... 235 V. C. Mithun Chandrakumar and S. R. Nagaraja Contents ix Design and Analysis of Multifacility Splint for Children with Congenital Clubfoot Deformities ............................... 243 Mahavir Kantilal Beldar, Aditya Kumar Manethia, Mallika Joka, and Ayush Murarka Experimental Validation of End Effector Position and Orientation for a 5 DoF Robotic Manipulator ................................... 257 Uday R. Walke, Raunak V. Wasnik, Rohit M. Pal, Ashutosh S. Borkar, Parag M. Kowe, Aniket R. Buchunde, Palak N. Ukey, and Vinit Gupta Effect of Printing Parameters on Tensile Strength of 3D Printed PLA + Carbon Fiber Samples—A Taguchi Approach ................. 265 T. S. Sachit, Mukul Ramnirajan Saini, and D. Vinaykumar Modelling of Manganese and Nickel Transfer in Terms of Flux Ingredients in SAW ................................................ 275 Brijpal Singh and Narender Singh