Recent Development of Aerodynamic Design Methodologies: Inverse Design and Optimization

227 Pages·1999·11.43 MB·English

by  Carlo Poloni (auth.)

Recent Development of
Aerodynamic Design
Methodologies
Edited by
Kozo Fujii and
George S. Dulikravich
Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics (NNFM) Volume 68
Series Editors: Ernst Heinrich Hirschel, Mtinchen (General Editor)
Kozo Fujii, Tokyo
Werner Haase, Mtinchen
Bram van Leer, Ann Arbor
Michael A. Leschziner, Manchester
Maurizio Pandolfi, Torino
Arthur Rizzi, Stockholm
Bernard Roux, Marseille
Volume 68: Recent Development of Aerodynamic Design Methodologies (K. Fujii I G. S. Dulikravich,
Eds.)
Volume 67: Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Time Varying Wakes behind Turbine Blades
(c. H. Sieverding I G. Cicatelli I 1. M. Desse I M. Meinke I P. Zunino)
Volume 66: Numerical Flow Simulation I (E. H. Hirschel, Ed.)
Volume 65: Computation and Comparison of Efficient Turbulence Models for Aeronautics - ETMA
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Volume 64: Computation and Visualization of Three-Dimensional Vortical and Turbulent Flows
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Volume 63: Vortices and Heat Transfer (M. Fiebig I Nimai K. Mitra, Eds.)
Volume 62: Large-Scale Scientific Computations of Engineering and Environmental Problems
(M. Griebel I O. P. Iliev I S. D. Margenov I P. S. Vassilevski, Eds.)
Volume 61 Optimum Aerodynamic Design & Parallel Navier-Stokes Computations, ECARP-European
Computational Aerodynamics Research Project (1. Periaux I G. Bugeda I P. Chaviaropoulos I
K. Giannokoglou I S. Lanteri I B. Mantel, Eds.)
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STAB/DGLR Symposium Braunschweig, Germany 1996 (H. Korner I R. Hilbig, Eds.)
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Volume 58 ECARP - European Computational Aerodynamics Research Project: Validation of
CFD Codes and Assessment of Turbulence Models
(w. Haase I E. Chaput I E. Elsholz 1M. A. Leschziner I U. R. Miiller, Eds.)
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Volume 55 EUROPT - A European Initiative on Optimum Design Methods in Aerodynamics.
Proceedings of the Brite/Euram Project Workshop "Optimum Design in Aerodynamics",
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(M. Deville I S. Gavrilakis I 1. L. Ryhming, Eds.)
Volume 52 Flow Simulation with High-Performance Computers II. DFG Priority Research Programme
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Volumes 1 to 51 are out of print.
The addresses of the Editors are listed at the end of the book.
Recent Development of
Aerodynamic Design
Methodologies
- Inverse Design and Optimization -
Edited by
Kozo Fujii and
George S. Dulikravich
aI
vleweg
All rights reserved
© Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1999
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
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without prior permission of the copyright holder.
http://www.vieweg.de
Produced by Geronimo GmbH, Rosenheim
Printed on acid-free paper
ISSN 0179-9614
ISBN-13: 978-3-322-89954-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-322-89952-1
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-89952-1
Susumu Takanashi
Dedication
Dr. Susumu Takanashi, the former Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) researcher at the National Aerospace Laboratory (NAL) in Japan,
passed away on October 28, 1995, at the age of 56. He was engaged in
developing CFD design methods at the NAL for many years. The
aerodynamic shape inverse design method that he developed has been and
still is used by many researchers and practicing engineers in the world.
Dr. Takanashi's results were used in the aerodynamic design process
of the YXX aircraft and others in the 1980's. Recently, the design method
was used for the modification of the National Space Development Agency
(NASDA) HOPE-X space vehicle configuration that may fly early in the year
2000. In addition, his inverse design method is a main aerodynamic tool for
the experimental supersonic transport (SST) aircraft, planned to fly early in
20002 by the NAL.
Dr. Takanashi contributed significantly to the development of the
CFD analysis software at the NAL. His contribution was not restricted to the
development of CFD design methods. He led the group of CFD analysis code
developers for three-dimensional Navier-Stokes flow-field simulations over
wings, wing-fuselage combinations, and full aircraft configurations. At the
same time, he developed a three-dimensional block-structured computational
grid generation code based on his own idea. The code became an important
part of the simulation of the transonic flow fields around aircraft
configurations. He also contributed to the introduction of the Numerical
Wind Tunnel (NWT) at the NAL, still the largest practical supercomputer
system in the world with more than 220 GFLOPS peak performance. The
NWT is now playing the key role in the aerodynamic analysis and design of
the HOPE-X and NAL's SST supersonic experimental research vehicle.
Dr. Takanashi worked together with many CFD researchers as shown
by his technical publication list. He influenced his co-workers profoundly,
not only from the point of view of how to do the advanced research, but also
with his attitude toward the research. We all miss him and will remember
him as our teacher, fellow researcher, and a friend that could have offered
many more new exciting contributions to the profession.
As a humble token of our deep appreciation and respect for the
memory of Dr. Susumu Takanashi, we prepared this volume on Aerodynamic
Shape Inverse Design and Optimization, and would like to dedicate it to him.
Listed below are his resume and a list of technical papers memorizing his
contribution.
K.F.
G.S.D.
Susumu Takanashi
1939 Born on March 6th, in Chiba, Japan
1958 Employee ofMuromachi-Kaiun
1960 Technical Assistant, National Aerospace Laboratory
1962 Research Scientist, National Aerospace Laboratory
1963 Graduated from University of Electro-Communications, Junior
College, March 1963
1968 Graduated from Science University of Tokyo, Department of Physics,
March 1968
1975 Received ph. D. from University of Tokyo, December 1975
1977 Principal Research Scientist1985 Section Chief, Aircraft
Performance Research Section
1988 Section Chief, Computational Aerodynamics Research Section
1995 Died October 28th at the age of 56
Representative Research Papers
Takanashi, S., "A Method of Obtaining Transonic Shock-Free Flow
around Lifting Aerofoils", Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical
and Space Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 34, pp. 246-263, Dec. 1973.
Takanashi, S., "An Iterative Procedure for Three-Dimensional
Transonic Wing Design by the Integral Equation Method" , AIAA Paper 84-
2155, Aug., 1984.
Tatsumi, S. and Takanashi, S., "Experimental Verification of Three
Dimensional Transonic Inverse Method" , AIAA Paper 85-4077, Oct., 1985.
Hirose, N., Takanashi, S. and Kawai, N., "Transonic Airfoil Design
Based on Navier-Stokers Equations to Attain Arbitrarily Specified Pressure
Distribution -An Iterative Procedure", NAL TR-901 T, March 1986.
Obayashi, S., Fujii, K. and Takanashi, S., "Toward the Navier-Stokers
Analysis of Transport Aircraft Configurations", AIAA Paper 87-0428, Jan.
1987.
Sawada, K and Takanashi, S., "A Numerical Investigation on
WinglNacelle Interferences of USB Configuration", AIAA Paper 87-0455, Jan.
1987.
Miyakawa, J., Takanashi, S., Fujii, K and Amano, K, "Searching the
Horizon of Navier-Stokers Simulation of Transonic Aircraft", AIAA Paper
87-0524, Jan. 1987.
Hirose, N., Takanashi, S. and Kawai, N., "Transonic Airfoil Design
Procedure Utilizing a Navier-Stokers Analysis Code", AIAA Journal, Vol. 25,
No.3, pp. 353-359, March 1987.
Takanashi, S., Obayashi, S., Matsushima, K and Fujii, K,
"Numerical Simulation of Compressible Viscous Flows around Practical
Aircraft Configurations", AIAA Paper 87-2410, Aug. 1987.
Hirose, Nand Takanashi, S., "Some Topics in Computational
Transonic Aerodynamics", NAL TR-1018T, April, 1989.
Matsushima, K, Takanashi, S. and Fujii K, "Navier-Stokers
Computations of the Flows about a Space-Plane", AIAA Paper 89-3402, Aug.
1989.
Takanashi, S., "Large-Scale Numerical Aerodynamic Simulations for
Complete Aircraft Configurations", NAL TR-1073T, July 1990.
Takanashi, S., "A Simple Algorithm for Structured-Grid Generation
with Application to Efficient Navier-Stokers Computation", Computers &
Fluids, Vol. 19, No. 3/4, pp. 393-399, 1991.
Sudani, N., Kaneda, R., Sato, M., Miwa, R., Matsuo, K and
Takanashi, S., "Evaluation of NACA0012 Airfoil Test Results in the NAL
Two-Dimensional Transonic Wind Tunnel", NAL TR-ll09T, May. 1991.
Fujii, K and Takanashi, S., "Aerodynamic Aircraft Design Methods
and Their Notable Applications - Survey of the Activity in Japan", Third
International Conference on Inverse Design Concepts and Optimization in
Engineering Sciences (ICIDES-Ill), ed.: G.S. Dulikravich, Washington, D.C.,
Oct. 23-25, 1991.
Kaiden, T., Ogino, J. and Takanashi, S., "Non-Planar Wing Design by
N avier-Stokes Inverse Computation", AIAA Paper 92-0285, Jan. 1992.
Takanashi, S. and Takemoto, M., "A Method of Generating
Structured-Grids for Complex Geometries and Its Application to the Navier
Stokers Simulation", Computational Fluid Dynamics Journal, Vol. 2, No.2,
pp. 209-218, July 1993.
Takanashi, S., "Numerical Simulation ofRigh Incidence Flow over a
Space-Plane at Supersonic Speed", Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack,
R. Kawamura and Y. Aihara (Eds.), pp. 339-350, Springer-Verlag, 1993.
Matsushima, K and Takanashi, S., "Navier-Stokers Simulation of
Transonic Flows about a Space-Plane", AIAA Paper 94-1864, June 1994.
Takanashi, S. and Takemoto, K, "An Automatic Grid Generation
Procedure for Complex Aircraft Configurations", Computers & Fluids, Vol. 24,
No.4, pp. 393-400, 1995.
Preface
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has made remarkable
progress in the last two decades and is becoming an important, if not
inevitable, analytical tool for both fundamental and practical fluid dynamics
research. The analysis of flow fields is important in the sense that it
improves the researcher's understanding of the flow features. CFD analysis
also indirectly helps the design of new aircraft and/or spacecraft. However,
design methodologies are the real need for the development of aircraft or
spacecraft. They directly contribute to the design process and can
significantly shorten the design cycle. Although quite a few publications
have been written on this subject, most of the methods proposed were not
used in practice in the past due to an immature research level and
restrictions due to the inadequate computing capabilities.
With the progress of high-speed computers, the time has come for
such methods to be used practically. There is strong evidence of a growing
interest in the development and use of aerodynamic inverse design and
optimization techniques. This is true, not only for aerospace industries, but
also for any industries requiring fluid dynamic design. This clearly shows
the matured engineering need for optimum aerodynamic shape design
methodologies. Therefore, it seems timely to publish a book in which
eminent researchers in this area can elaborate on their research efforts and
discuss it in conjunction with other efforts.
With this as a background, we have decided to prepare this book
entitled "Recent Development of Aerodynamic Design Methodologies -
Inverse Design and Optimization -". All the contributing authors are well
recognized researchers in this field. A different author covering another
aerodynamic shape design methodology writes each chapter.
Three categories of design methodology are considered: Genetic
Algorithms, Inverse Design, and Optimization. "Genetic Algorithms (GA)"
are rapidly gaining popularity and may become the methods of choice for
multi-objective and interdisciplinary optimization. "Optimization" can be
considered as generalized design, which introduces integral target properties
and constraints. "Inverse Design" describes methods to find a configuration
that realizes, for instance, the target pressure distribution. Although this
approach has some drawbacks, such as the difficulty of finding good target
pressure distribution, it has been accepted and is practically used by industry.
In addition, two short contributions are added from Japanese
industries. These contributions describe how they used Dr. Takanashi's
inverse design method in their practical applications.
As editors of this book, we would like to acknowledge all the
contributing authors for their effort and patience in the process of preparing
this publication. We also would like to thank Prof. Ernst H. Hirschel, the
general editor of the series of Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, as well as
the Vieweg Verlag, for giving us the opportunity to publish this book.
Kozo Fujii and George S. Dulikravich August, 1998