Recent Advances in NGF and Related Molecules: The Continuum of the NGF “Saga” PDF
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Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1331 Cellular Neuroscience, Neural Circuits and Systems Neuroscience Laura Calzà Luigi Aloe Luciana Giardino Editors Recent Advances in NGF and Related Molecules The Continuum of the NGF “Saga” Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology Cellular Neuroscience, Neural Circuits and Systems Neuroscience Volume 1331 SeriesEditors AdalbertoMerighi,DepartmentofVeterinarySciences,UniversityofTurin, Grugliasco,Italy LauraLossi,DepartmentofVeterinaryScience,UniversityofTurin, Grugliasco,Italy AlbertoGranato,DepartmentofPsychology,CatholicUniversity,Milan,Italy This book subseries publishes reviews and original articles covering all aspects of cellular and systems neuroscience, particularly neural circuits. It isalsoopentocontributionsonneurologicaldisordersandtheirmolecularand biochemical basis. Asubseries of thehighly successful AdvancesinExperi- mental Medicine and Biology, it provides a publication vehicle for articles focusing on the latest research, developments and methods, as well as opinions and principles. Contributors are experienced neuroscientists and researcherswithextensiveknowledgeoftheembryology,histology,anatomy, physiologyandpharmacologyofcentralandperipheralneurons.Itendeavors to highlight the importance of the correct choice of animal models and the implementation of the 3Rs principles to translate molecular and cellular findings of basic research into clinical applications. This series is a valuable sourceofstate-of-artknowledgeandinspirationforfutureresearchideasfora widerangeofresearchersandanimalcareprofessionalsworkinginthefieldof neuroscience. More information about this subseries at http://www.springer.com/series/ 16028 (cid:129) (cid:129) Laura Calzà Luigi Aloe Luciana Giardino Editors Recent Advances in NGF and Related Molecules “ ” The Continuum of the NGF Saga Editors LauraCalzà LuigiAloe UniversityofBologna IRETFoundation Ozzanodell’Emilia,Bologna,Italy Ozzanodell’Emilia,Bologna,Italy LucianaGiardino UniversityofBologna Ozzanodell’Emilia,Bologna,Italy ISSN0065-2598 ISSN2214-8019 (electronic) AdvancesinExperimentalMedicineandBiology ISSN2524-6577 ISSN2524-6585 (electronic) CellularNeuroscience,NeuralCircuitsandSystemsNeuroscience ISBN978-3-030-74045-0 ISBN978-3-030-74046-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74046-7 #TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SwitzerlandAG2021 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinany otherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation, computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthors,andtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationin thisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material containedhereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremains neutralwithregardtojurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland Preface: Rita Levi-Montalcini Rita Levi-Montalcini received her medical degree and specialization in neu- rologyandpsychiatryin1936fromtheFacultyofMedicineattheUniversity of Turin, Italy. She then entered the Institute of Anatomy as a postgraduate studentinthelaboratoryofGiuseppeLevi,awell-knownanatomistandtutor oftwoother futurewinnersoftheNobelPrize inPhysiology orMedicine— SalvatoreLuria(whowonin1969)andRenatoDulbecco(whowonin1975). Duringherearlypostgraduatestudies,Levi-Montalciniinvestigatedtherela- tionshipbetweenthedevelopingcentralnervoussystem(CNS)anditsperiph- eraltargets,theresultsofwhichledhertosuggestthatthefailureofneuronsto thrive in the absence of peripheral target tissues was due to a degenerative process, rather than a failure of differentiation as had previously been hypothesized by Victor Hamburger, a renowned embryologist and develop- mentalneuroscientist. TheNGFstorybeganin1949whenHamburgershowedLevi-Montalcini the results achieved by one of his postgraduate students, Elmer Bueker. Bueker had observed that implantation of a small fragment of malignant mousetumorintothebodywallof3-daychickembryoscausedsensoryfibers to invade the tumor. Bueker hypothesized that this effect was due to the rapidly expanding tumor allowing the sensory fibers to branch into the muchlargerfieldofferedbytheneoplasticcellswhichreplacedtheembryonic tissue, a hypothesis which did not convince Rita Levi-Montalcini, who decidedtostudytheeffectmoreextensively.Theresultsofherreinvestigation ledLevi-Montalcinitothehypothesisthatthemousesarcomatissues180and 37, when transplanted into a chick embryo, produce and release a diffusible agent which stimulates the growth and differentiation of developing nerve cells. Using a variety of in vitro methodologies, she then demonstrated that thesetumortissues produceandreleaseamoleculeabletostimulateneuritis outgrowthfromsensoryandsympatheticnervecells,andin1952,shenamed thismoleculenervegrowthfactor(NGF). IncollaborationwithStanleyCohen,co-winneroftheNobelPrizein1986, she discovered that NGF is stored in snake venom and in the submaxillary salivaryglandofmice. During the early 1950s, Levi-Montalcini—then Professor at the Depart- ment of Zoology at the Washington University of St. Louis—intensified her in vivo and in vitro studies of NGF on small rodents, while two other scientists—first Stanley Cohen and later P. U. Angeletti—investigated the v vi Preface:RitaLevi-Montalcini chemicalandbiochemicalpropertiesofNGF,bothdevisingamethodologyof purifyinglargequantitiesofNGFfromsnakevenomandfrommousesalivary glands.TheavailabilityoflargeamountsofNGFintheseglandsprovidedan additionalopportunitytocarryoutnumerousandcollaborativeinvivostudies andtoinvestigatethestructural,biochemical,andpharmacologicalactionof NGF on sympathetic and sensory nerve cells, as well as permitting the production of anti-NGF antibodies, and to further characterize the effects of NGF on the development of the peripheral nervous system by injecting this antibody into newborn rodents. The immune deprivation of NGF via the exogenousadministrationofNGFantibodiestotheserodents,andtheobser- vation that inhibition of circulating NGF levels results in the death of NGF-target cells, described in the late 1960s, became known as immunosympathectomy. In addition to this continued scientific activity, Levi-Montalcini wrote several books. The first, In Praise of Imperfection, is an inspiring autobio- graphical work where she tells of her success, but also of the delays and distractions affecting researchers, the potential mistakes they can make, and their tendency to underestimate difficulties. A second volume entitled Il tuo futuro (“Your future”) is dedicated to young people who during their early lives often face the need to make vital choices, while her third book, Senza Olio e contro Vento (“Out of oil and against the wind”), contains ten true storiesofwell-knownandeverydaypeople,unitedbythecourageandhonesty they showed at very difficult times of their lives. In her most recent book L’assonellamanicaabrandelli(“Theaceupatatteredsleeve”),shediscusses the skills and creativity of famous elderly people, and how to maintain and improve cognitive abilities in later life. From a scientific point of view, however,hermostimportantbookisperhapstheTheNGFSaga. More recently, basic preclinical studies have indicated that purified NGF has potential clinical application in ocular disorders, such as corneal ulcers, neurotrophickeratitis,maculopathy,glaucoma,andcutaneousulcerssuchas diabeticandrheumatoidulcersandpressuresores. The articles published in this issue are part of a scientific contribution presented and discussed at the Second International NGF scientific meeting dedicatedtoRitaLevi-Montalcini,heldinBolognaonJune13–14,2019,and organizedbyLauraCalzà,LuigiAloe,andLucianaGiardino.Amajoraimof thisinternationalNGFmeetingwastobringattendeesuptodateonthepast, recent, and ongoing studies in the field of the Italian Nobel Laureate in Physiology or Medicine who discovered the first neurotrophic factor, providing neurologists with a powerful tool for investigating the growth, differentiation, and plasticity of nerve cells, as well as paving the way for the identification of other specific growth factors for other cell types. As progressisachievedbymovingcontinuouslyforwardtowardfurtherscientific knowledge,wewerehappythattheinvitedspeakerspresentedanddiscussed the most recent findings in the field of NGF and other neurotrophic factors, including the recently discovered recombinant human NGF with clinical applications for certain human ocular diseases. It is a great pity that Rita Levi-Montalciniisnolongerwithus,asshewasatourfirstInternationalNGF meetingheldinModenain2002.Finally,weoweadebtofgratitudetoallthe Preface:RitaLevi-Montalcini vii participantswhocontributedtothesuccessoftheNGFmeetingconferencein Bologna, to the financial support provided by the IRET Foundation in Ozzano, Bologna, and to the professional collaboration of all logistical IRETstaff.Thismeetingwasalsopartofthe“ItalianRegenerativeMedicine Infrastructure—IRMI” project training program (MIUR, CTN01_00177_888744toLC). Bologna,Italy LauraCalzà LuigiAloe LucianaGiardino Contents PartI BasicScience 1 NerveGrowthFactor:TheFirstMoleculeofthe NeurotrophinFamily. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 LucaLorenzini,VitoAntonioBaldassarro,AgneseStanzani, andLucianaGiardino 2 TheFirstandLastTimeIMetRitaLevi-Montalcini: FromtheInsectNeurotrophicFactortotheNerveGrowth FactorClinicalApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 LuigiAloe 3 NGFSignalinginEndosomes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 NaoyaYamashita 4 TheNGFMetabolicPathway:NewOpportunitiesfor BiomarkerResearchandDrugTargetDiscovery. . . . . . . . . . 31 RowanPentzandM.FlorenciaIulita PartII DevelopmentandRegeneration 5 NGFandEndogenousRegeneration:FromEmbryology TowardTherapies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 VitoAntonioBaldassarro,LucaLorenzini,AndreaBighinati, AlessandroGiuliani,GiuseppeAlastra,MicaelaPannella, MercedesFernandez,LucianaGiardino,andLauraCalzà 6 TheVersatileRolesofNerveGrowthFactorinNeuronal Attraction,OdontoblastDifferentiation,andMineral DepositioninHumanTeeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 ThimiosA.MitsiadisandPierfrancescoPagella 7 AnOverviewofAdultNeurogenesis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 FilipaF.RibeiroandSaraXapelli 8 InterventionofBrain-DerivedNeurotrophicFactor andOtherNeurotrophinsinAdultNeurogenesis. . . . . . . . . . 95 FilipaF.RibeiroandSaraXapelli ix x Contents PartIII AlzheimerandCentralNervousSystem 9 RitaLevi-Montalcini,NGFMetabolisminHealthandinthe Alzheimer’sPathology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 A.ClaudioCuello 10 NGFandtheAmyloidPrecursorProteininAlzheimer’s Disease:FromMolecularPlayerstoNeuronalCircuits. . . . . 145 VivianaTriaca,FrancescaRuberti,andNadiaCanu 11 AReviewofTechniquesforBiodeliveryofNerveGrowth Factor(NGF)totheBraininRelationtoAlzheimer’s Disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 SumontoMitra,RuchiGera,BengtLinderoth,GöranLind, LarsWahlberg,PerAlmqvist,HomiraBehbahani, andMariaEriksdotter 12 NGFReleasedfromBloodCellsorCollagenHydrogels asaTherapeuticTargetinAlzheimer’sDisease?. . . . . . . . . . 193 ChristianHumpel PartIV ComplexBehaviors 13 WhenNerveGrowthFactorMetBehavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 DanielaSantucci,AriannaRacca,andEnricoAlleva 14 CrossTalkofBDNFandGDNFinSpinalSubstantia Gelatinosa(LaminaII):FocusonCircuitry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 AdalbertoMerighi PartV ClinicalMedicine 15 BDNFGeneasaPrecisionSkillofObesityManagement. . . . 233 HelenaMarcos-Pasero,ElenaAguilar-Aguilar, MariaP.Ikonomopoulou,andVivianaLoria-Kohen 16 TheScienceofLove:StateoftheArt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 DonatellaMarazziti,StefaniaPalermo,andFedericoMucci 17 NGFandRetinitisPigmentosa:StructuralandMolecular Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 MariaLuisaRocco,LauraCalzà,andLuigiAloe 18 NGFinInflammatoryandNeurodegenerativeDiseases oftheEye:NewFindingsSupportingNeuroprotectionand ProperTissueRemodelinginVitreoretinalDisorders. . . . . . 265 GrazianaEsposito,BijornOmarBalzamino,LucaBruno, AndreaCacciamani,andAlessandraMicera
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