Recent Advances in Design and Signal Processing for Antenna Arrays

175 Pages·2016·28.12 MB·English

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Recent Advances in Design and
Signal Processing for Antenna Arrays
Guest Editors: Wei Liu, Des C. McLernon, Andy W. H. Khong, and Lei Yu
Recent Advances in Design and
Signal Processing for Antenna Arrays
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Recent Advances in Design and
Signal Processing for Antenna Arrays
GuestEditors:WeiLiu,DesC.McLernon,AndyW.H.Khong,
and Lei Yu
Copyright©2016HindawiPublishingCorporation.Allrightsreserved.
Thisisaspecialissuepublishedin“InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation.”Allarticlesareopenaccessarticlesdistributed
undertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,pro-
videdtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Editorial Board
AnaAlejos,Spain FranciscoFalcone,Spain MarcoMussetta,Italy
MohammodAli,USA M.FerrandoBataller,Spain N.Nasimuddin,Singapore
JaumeAnguera,Spain FlaminioFerrara,Italy MiguelNavarro-Cia,UK
RodolfoAraneo,Italy VincenzoGaldi,Italy MouradNedil,Canada
AlexeiAshikhmin,USA ClaudioGennarelli,Italy SymeonNikolaou,Cyprus
HerveAubert,France FaridGhanem,Algeria GiacomoOliveri,Italy
PaoloBaccarelli,Italy SotiriosK.Goudos,Greece PabloOtero,Spain
XiulongBao,Ireland RoccoGuerriero,Italy A.D.Panagopoulos,Greece
ToniBjörninen,Finland KerimGuney,Turkey IkmoPark,RepublicofKorea
StefaniaBonafoni,Italy SongGuo,Japan JosepParrón,Spain
DjuradjS.Budimir,UK MohamedHimdi,France MatteoPastorino,Italy
PaoloBurghignoli,Italy TamerS.Ibrahim,USA MassimilianoPieraccini,Italy
ShahN.Burokur,France M.T.Islam,Malaysia XianmingQing,Singapore
GiuseppeCastaldi,Italy M.R.Kamarudin,Malaysia AhmadSafaai-Jazi,USA
LucaCatarinucci,Italy KyeongJinKim,USA SafieddinSafavi-Naeini,Canada
FelipeCátedra,Spain SlawomirKoziel,Iceland MagdalenaSalazar-Palma,Spain
MartaCavagnaro,Italy LuisLandesa,Spain StefanoSelleri,Italy
DebChatterjee,USA Ding-BingLin,Taiwan PrabhakarSingh,India
ShihYuanChen,Taiwan AngeloLiseno,Italy RaffaeleSolimene,Italy
YuJianCheng,China PierfrancescoLombardo,Italy GinoSorbello,Italy
RenatoCicchetti,Italy GiampieroLovat,Italy Seong-YoupSuh,USA
RiccardoColella,Italy LorenzoLuini,Italy ShengSun,HongKong
LorenzoCrocco,Italy AtsushiMase,Japan LarbiTalbi,Canada
ClaudioCurcio,Italy DiegoMasotti,Italy LucianoTarricone,Italy
FrancescoD’Agostino,Italy GiuseppeMazzarella,Italy ParveenWahid,USA
ElenaDeCos,Spain C.F.Mecklenbräuker,Austria Wen-QinWang,China
TayebA.Denidni,Canada MassimoMigliozzi,Italy ShiwenYang,China
GiuseppeDiMassa,Italy AhmedT.Mobashsher,Australia YuanYao,China
MicheleD’Urso,Italy AnandaS.Mohan,Australia JingjingZhang,Denmark
HalaA.Elsadek,Egypt J.-M.Molina-Garcia-Pardo,Spain
Contents
RecentAdvancesinDesignandSignalProcessingforAntennaArrays
WeiLiu,DesC.McLernon,AndyW.H.Khong,andLeiYu
Volume2016,ArticleID3941941,2pages
TrackingofRangeandAzimuthforContinuousImagingofMarineTargetinMonopulseISARwith
WidebandEchoes
JunhaoXie,WeiZhou,GongjianZhou,YeshuYuan,andShaobinLi
Volume2016,ArticleID1865915,17pages
DesignofWidebandMultifunctionAntennaArrayBasedonMultipleInterleavedSubarrays
LongjunLiandBuhongWang
Volume2016,ArticleID1320726,7pages
AdaptiveArrayBeamformingUsingaChaoticBeamformingAlgorithm
AnaJovanovi'c,LukaLazovi'c,andVesnaRubeži'c
Volume2016,ArticleID8354204,8pages
AsymmetricShaped-PatternSynthesisforPlanarAntennaArrays
T.M.Bruintjes,A.B.J.Kokkeler,andG.J.M.Smit
Volume2016,ArticleID4746381,13pages
IntegrationofFrequencyDomainWidebandAntennaNullingandWavenumberDomainImage
FormationforMulti-ChannelSAR
M.Bucciarelli,D.Pastina,D.Cristallini,M.Sedehi,andP.Lombardo
Volume2016,ArticleID2834904,13pages
NonfeedbackDistributedBeamformingUsingSpatial-TemporalExtraction
PongnarinSriployandMonthippaUthansakul
Volume2016,ArticleID7086234,16pages
Main-BranchStructureIterativeDetectionUsingApproximateMessagePassingforUplinkLarge-Scale
MultiuserMIMOSystems
QifengZou,XuezhiTan,MeiLiu,andLinMa
Volume2016,ArticleID2832584,12pages
BeamTrackinginSwitched-BeamAntennaSystemforV2VCommunication
SettawitPoochayaandPeerapongUthansakul
Volume2016,ArticleID4169619,12pages
AssessmentofMeasurementDistortionsinGNSSAntennaArraySpace-TimeProcessing
ThyagarajaMarathe,SaeedDaneshmand,andGérardLachapelle
Volume2016,ArticleID2154763,17pages
Transmit/ReceiveSpatialSmoothingwithImprovedEffectiveArrayApertureforAngleandMutual
CouplingEstimationinBistaticMIMORadar
HaomiaoLiu,XiaojunYang,RongWang,WeiJin,andWeiminJia
Volume2016,ArticleID6271648,10pages
ASIWAntipodalVivaldiArrayAntennaDesign
YingSuo,WeiLi,andJianzhongChen
Volume2016,ArticleID9280234,10pages
Two-DimensionalDirection-of-ArrivalsEstimationBasedonOne-DimensionalSearchUsingRank
DeficiencyPrinciple
Feng-GangYan,Zhi-KunChen,Ming-JianSun,YiShen,andMingJin
Volume2015,ArticleID127621,8pages
Reduced-DimensionNoncircular-CaponAlgorithmforDOAEstimationofNoncircularSignals
WeihuaLv,HuapuSun,XiaofeiZhang,andDazhuanXu
Volume2015,ArticleID348636,9pages
AnOpportunisticArrayBeamformingTechniqueBasedonBinaryMultiobjectiveWindDriven
OptimizationMethod
ZhenkaiZhang,SanaSalous,HailinLi,andYuboTian
Volume2015,ArticleID495879,7pages
WidebandDual-ElementAntennaArrayforMIMOMobilePhoneApplications
YuanqiangWang,JieYang,ShangfuHao,andXiaoZhang
Volume2015,ArticleID434082,7pages
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Volume 2016, Article ID 3941941, 2 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3941941
Editorial
Recent Advances in Design and Signal Processing for
Antenna Arrays
WeiLiu,1DesC.McLernon,2AndyW.H.Khong,3andLeiYu4
1DepartmentofElectronicandElectricalEngineering,UniversityofSheffield,SheffieldS13JD,UK
2SchoolofElectronicandElectricalEngineering,UniversityofLeeds,LeedsLS29JT,UK
3SchoolofElectricalandElectronicEngineering,NanyangTechnologicalUniversity,Singapore639798
4SchoolofElectronicsandInformationEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150001,China
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoWeiLiu;[email protected]
Received19July2016;Accepted20July2016
Copyright©2016WeiLiuetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,which
permitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
An array of antennas provides additional degrees of free- Antenna Array Based on Multiple Interleaved Subarrays,”
dom in the spatial domain compared to a single antenna, “Asymmetric Shaped-Pattern Synthesis for Planar Antenna
which,withtheaidofadvancedsignalprocessingalgorithms, Arrays,” and “An Opportunistic Array Beamforming Tech-
canbeexploitedforinterferencesuppression/beamforming, nique Based on Binary Multiobjective Wind Driven Opti-
direction of arrival estimation, target tracking, and locali- mization Method”; the third topic is adaptive beamform-
sation. It has a wide range of applications such as wireless ing and interference suppression, including four papers:
communications,sensornetworks,radar,satellitenavigation, “Adaptive Array Beamforming Using a Chaotic Beamform-
andbiomedicalengineering.Inparticular,withtheextensive ing Algorithm,” “Assessment of Measurement Distortions
research activities devoted to the next generation wireless in GNSS Antenna Array Space-Time Processing,” “Beam
communication systems, antenna array design and signal TrackinginSwitched-BeamAntennaSystemforV2VCom-
processing have received unprecedented attention since the munication,” and “Nonfeedback Distributed Beamforming
two underpinning 5G technologies, massive MIMO and UsingSpatial-TemporalExtraction”;thefourthtopicisdirec-
millimetre wave communications, are all based on antenna tion/angle of arrival estimation, including three papers:
arraysystems. “Two-Dimensional Direction-of-Arrivals Estimation Based
The aim of this special issue is to present the most on One-Dimensional Search Using Rank Deficiency Prin-
recent advances in the area of design and signal processing ciple,”“Transmit/ReceiveSpatialSmoothingwithImproved
for various antenna arrays and their applications. Both Effective Array Aperture for Angle and Mutual Cou-
reviewarticlesandoriginalcontributionswereinvitedfrom pling Estimation in Bistatic MIMO Radar,” and “Reduced-
researchers working in this very important area and in Dimension Noncircular-Capon Algorithm for DOA Esti-
total we received 32 submissions and 15 were accepted for mation of Noncircular Signals”; the fifth topic is synthetic
publication. aperture related applications, including two papers: “Inte-
Theacceptedpaperscoverawiderangeoftopicswithin gration of Frequency Domain Wideband Antenna Nulling
the specified area of the special issue. Roughly speak- and Wavenumber Domain Image Formation for Multi-
ing, they fall into the following six main topics. The first Channel SAR” and “Tracking of Range and Azimuth for
topic is antenna design for array applications, including Continuous Imaging of Marine Target in Monopulse ISAR
two papers: “A SIW Antipodal Vivaldi Array Antenna with Wideband Echoes”; the last topic is massive MIMO
Design” and “Wideband Dual-Element Antenna Array for signal processing for next generation wireless communica-
MIMO Mobile Phone Applications”; the second topic is tions,includingonepaper“Main-BranchStructureIterative
antennaarraypatternsynthesisorfixedbeamformerdesign, Detection Using Approximate Message Passing for Uplink
includingthreepapers:“DesignofWidebandMultifunction Large-ScaleMultiuserMIMOSystems.”
2 InternationalJournalofAntennasandPropagation
Acknowledgments
Finally,wewouldliketothanktheauthorsfortheirvaluable
contributiontothisspecialissueandtheanonymousreview-
ersfortheirkindhelpandconstructivecomments,without
whichwewouldnothavebeenabletocompletethisspecial
issuewithsuchasetofhigh-qualitypaperscoveringthiswide
rangeoftopics.
WeiLiu
DesC.McLernon
AndyW.H.Khong
LeiYu
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
International Journal of Antennas and Propagation
Volume 2016, Article ID 1865915, 17 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1865915
Research Article
Tracking of Range and Azimuth for Continuous Imaging of
Marine Target in Monopulse ISAR with Wideband Echoes
JunhaoXie,WeiZhou,GongjianZhou,YeshuYuan,andShaobinLi
DepartmentofElectronicEngineering,HarbinInstituteofTechnology,Harbin150001,China
CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoJunhaoXie;[email protected];[email protected]
Received29October2015;Revised3March2016;Accepted22March2016
AcademicEditor:WeiLiu
Copyright©2016JunhaoXieetal.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,
whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited.
Real-timetrackingofmaneuveringtargetsistheprerequisiteforcontinuousimagingofmovingtargetsininversesyntheticaperture
radar (ISAR). In this paper, the range and azimuth tracking (RAT) method with wideband radar echoes is first presented for
a mechanical scanning monopulse ISAR, which is regarded as the simplest phased array unit due to the two antenna feeds.
To relieve the estimation fluctuation and poor robustness of the RAT method with a single snapshot, a modified range and
azimuthtrackingapproachbasedoncentroidalgorithm(RATCA)withforgottenfactorandmultipleechoesisthenproposed.
Theperformancesofdifferentforgottenfactorsareinvestigated.Boththeoreticalanalysisandexperimentalresultsdemonstrate
thatRATCAissuperiortoRATmethod.Particularly,whentargetechoismissingoccasionally,RATmethodfailswhileRATCA
stillkeepsgoodperformance.ThepotentialofcontinuousimagingwithshipborneISARisverifiedbyexperimentalresults.With
minormodification,themethodproposedinthispapercanbepotentiallyappliedinthephasedarrayradar.
1.Introduction seriouslylimited.Therefore,inthispaper,weproposeawide-
band target tracking technique which allows ISAR system
Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) has been widely continuousimagingwithouttheredetectionprocedure.Thus,
employed to obtain the high-resolution image of the target theISARimagesofthesamethreateningtargetfromdiffer-
forcoastalsurveillanceandtargetrecognition[1–3].Inrecent ent views could be continuously obtained. This is of great
decades, many imaging approaches such as range-instanta- importance for target recognition. Because the redetection
neous-Doppler algorithm [4–6], time-frequency processing is canceled, range and azimuth tracking simultaneously is
method [7–9], and compressive sensing algorithm [10–12] required to capture the target by adjusting the radar line of
were proposed. For all these advanced imaging algorithms, sight(LOS)andreceiversamplinggateadaptively.
theimagequalityheavilyreliesonthecorrectnessofrecorded Rangetrackingistorecordonlytheeffectivetargetdatain
data. eachechoaccordingtotheestimatedtimedelayofthetarget.
InconventionalISAR,theimagingprocessingconsistsof This decreases the quantity of recorded data largely and is
twosuccessivestages:(1)detectandestimatethepositionof beneficialtothesubsequentdigitalsignalprocessing.Acon-
targetbynarrowbandwidthechoesand(2)usethewideband ventionalmethodistotracktheprominentscatterersonthe
echo to obtain the ISAR image of the prelocated target. In target[1],butitisnotalwayseffectiveduetothescintillation
this kind of system, to redetect the target after imaging is orshadowingeffect.DelisleandWu[13]proposeanaverage
necessary because of the range shift and angular change envelope correlation algorithm with Kalman filter, which
in the imaging duration, which is typically several seconds hasgoodtrackingperformancebutmaybecomputationally
for marine target. Due to the redetection procedure, the prohibitive.Totrackthetargetcentroidisanalternativeway,
timedifference between two consecutiveimagingprocesses which is simple in designing and effective in processing.
isalmostthesameastheantennascanperiod,whichistoo By using the azimuth tracking, a moving target could be
longforcoastalISARsystem,andtheabilityofsurveillanceis illuminatedpermanentlybytheantenna,inwhichtheradar