Reasoning Web. Explainable Artificial Intelligence: 15th International Summer School 2019, Bolzano, Italy, September 20–24, 2019, Tutorial Lectures

294 Pages·2019·6.2 MB·English

by  Markus Krötzsch, Daria Stepanova

Markus Krötzsch · Daria Stepanova (Eds.)
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15th International Summer School 2019
Bolzano, Italy, September 20–24, 2019
Tutorial Lectures
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 11810
Founding Editors
Gerhard Goos
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
Juris Hartmanis
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Editorial Board Members
Elisa Bertino
Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
Wen Gao
Peking University, Beijing, China
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Gerhard Woeginger
RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
Moti Yung
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7409
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Markus Kr tzsch Daria Stepanova (Eds.)
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Reasoning Web
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Explainable Arti cial Intelligence
15th International Summer School 2019
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Bolzano, Italy, September 20 24, 2019
Tutorial Lectures
123
Editors
Markus Krötzsch Daria Stepanova
Technische UniversitätDresden BoschCenter for Artificial Intelligence
Dresden,Sachsen, Germany Renningen,Germany
ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin Computer Science
ISBN 978-3-030-31422-4 ISBN978-3-030-31423-1 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31423-1
LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplications,incl.Internet/Web,andHCI
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Preface
ArtificialIntelligencehasbecomethedefiningtechnologyofourtime.Impressiveand
effective though it may be, it often defies our understanding, and hence our control.
Nevertheless, today’s main concern is not that AI might become too smart - it is far
from it - but that it often surprises us by being dangerously dumb, prejudiced, cred-
ulous, or unreliable. Fortunately, AI is an extremely rich research area, which keeps
developing in many different directions that outline ways of constructing intelligent
systems that can be understood, validated, and controlled. This is the promise of
ongoing works towards Explainable AI.
With Explainable AI as its focus topic, the 15th Reasoning Web Summer School
explored a variety of ideas being developed in this research. The lectures, given in
Bolzano,Italy,duringSeptember20–24,2019,broughttogetherleadingresearchersin
AI and related areas. Topics ranged from explainable forms of machine learning, over
data mining, knowledge representation, and query answering, to the explanation of
complex software systems using formal methods.
These topics are notonly highly relevant and timely, but also a logical next step in
Reasoning Web’s continuing evolution. Since its inception as a summer school on
reasoningin(Semantic)Webapplicationsin2005,ReasoningWebhasdevelopedinto
a prime educational event covering many aspects of intelligent systems and attracting
youngandestablished researchers. The2019edition,hostedbytheFreeUniversityof
Bozen-Bolzano,markedtheschool’s15thanniversary.AhighlightofReasoningWeb
2019 was the integration into the Bolzano Rules and Artificial Intelligence Summit
(BRAIN), including the International Joint Conference on Rules and Reasoning
(RuleML+RR 2019), the Global Conference on Artificial Intelligence (GCAI 2019),
and DecisionCAMP 2019.
These proceedings compile tutorial papers that complement the lectures given in
Bolzano. The tutorials include in-depth surveys as well as shorter extended abstracts
thatpointtoexistingworks.Allpapershavebeenwrittenasaccompanyingmaterialfor
thestudentsofthesummerschool,inordertodeepentheirunderstandingandtoserve
as a reference for further detailed study. This volume contains the following tutorial
papers, each accompanying a lecture:
– “Classical Algorithms for Reasoning and Explanation in Description Logics,” in
which Yevgeny Kazakov (presenter) and Birte Glimm give a detailed introduction
to explainable reasoning in description logics, with the focus on tableau-based
inference algorithms and the computation of justifications.
– “Explanation-friendly Query Answering Under Uncertainty,” in which Maria
VaninaMartinez(presenter)andGerardoI.Simaridiscusstheirworkonknowledge
representation with probabilistic and inconsistency-tolerant rule languages, and
show ways of explaining reasoning in each case.
– “Provenance in Databases: Principles and Applications,” in which Pierre Senellart
providesashortoverviewofprovenanceasakeyconceptforexplaininganswersto
vi Preface
databasequeries,aswellasreferencestoworksthatexplorethisconceptforvarious
data models and query languages.
– “KnowledgeRepresentationandRuleMininginEntity-CentricKnowledgeBases,”
in which Fabian M. Suchanek (presenter), Jonathan Lajus, Armand Boschin, and
GerhardWeikumintroducegraph-likeknowledgebases,overviewrulemining,and
neural knowledge-base completion methods.
– “Explaining Data with Formal Concept Analysis,” in which Bernhard Ganter,
Sebastian Rudolph (presenter), and Gerd Stumme introduce the mathematical
foundations and algorithmic basics of Formal Concept Analysis, which can in
particular be applied in data mining.
– “Logic-Based Learning ofAnswer SetPrograms,” inwhichMark Law(presenter),
Alessandra Russo (presenter), and Krysia Broda discuss inductive logic program-
ming approaches that apply to the popular ASP formalism.
– “Constraint Learning: An Appetizer,” in which Stefano Teso gives a brief intro-
duction to the field of constraint learning, some of its core methods, and its rela-
tionship with other areas of machine learning.
– “A Modest Markov Automata Tutorial,” in which Arnd Hartmanns and Holger
Hermanns (presenter) give a first introduction into modeling of (systems of) soft-
waresystems,includingseveralformsofnon-deterministicbehavior,andshowhow
to analyze such models using the MODEST toolset.
– “Explainable AI Planning (XAIP): Overview and the Case of Contrastive
Explanation,” in which Jörg Hoffmann (presenter) and Daniele Magazzeni briefly
discuss various existing types of explanations within AI planning.
Manypeoplehavecontributedtotherealizationofthisevent.Firstandforemost,we
wouldliketothankthelecturersandtheirco-authorsfortheircontributions,whichare
thevery essence ofthis school.Furthermore,we would like tothank thegeneral chair
of BRAIN 2019, Diego Calvanese, and his team: Evellin Cardoso, Ana Ozaki, and
Nicolas Troquard provided support for speakers and accommodation; Julien Corman
and Andrey Rivkin coordinated the social program; Rafael Peñaloza acted as a spon-
sorship chair; and Paolo Felli managed the web pages. Special thanks are also due to
Kati Domann, who organized speaker refunds, and to Hannes Hell, who coordinated
student scholarships.
Wealsogratefullyacknowledgethesupportofoursponsors.Inparticular,wethank
the Emerald Sponsors Free University of Bozen-Bolzano and Center for Perspicuous
Computing (CPEC), and the Platinum Sponsor Bosch. Their generous contributions
allowedustofinanciallysupportarecordnumberofparticipantsandtocoverthecost
of participation for most lecturers. We also thank the Gold Sponsor Artificial
IntelligenceJournal,SilverSponsorHotelGreif,andBronzeSponsorOntopicfortheir
valuable contributions. Moreover, we appreciated the assistance and professional ser-
vice provided by the Springer LNCS publishing team. Finally, thanks are due to all
participants of Reasoning Web 2019; we hope that their stay in Bolzano was most
profitable and enjoyable.
September 2019 Markus Krötzsch
Daria Stepanova
Organization
General Chair
Diego Calvanese University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Reasoning Web Chairs
Markus Krötzsch TU Dresden, Germany
Daria Stepanova Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence, Germany
Publicity Chairs
Livia Predoiu Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Guohui Xiao Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Speaker Support and Accommodation
Evellin Cardoso Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Ana Ozaki Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Nicolas Troquard Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Sponsorship Chair
Rafael Peñaloza Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Italy
Social Program
Julien Corman Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Andrey Rivkin Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Webmaster and Design
Paolo Felli Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
Program Committee
Stefan Borgwardt TU Dresden, Germany
David Carral TU Dresden, Germany
Sergey Chubanov Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence, Germany
Tom Hanika University of Kassel, Germany
Evgeny Kharlamov University of Oslo, Sweden
Sascha Klüppelholz TU Dresden, Germany
viii Organization
Maximilian Marx TU Dresden, Germany
Pauli Miettinen University of Eastern Finland, Finland
Sophie Tourret Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Germany
Reasoning Web 2019 Sponsors
Emerald Sponsors
Free University of Bozen-Bolzano DFG CRC/Transregio 248 “CPEC”
https://www.unibz.it/ https://www.perspicuous-computing.
science/
Platinum Sponsor Gold Sponsor
Bosch Artificial Intelligence Journal (AIJ)
https://www.bosch.com/ https://www.journals.elsevier.com/
artificial-intelligence
Silver Sponsor Bronze Sponsor
Hotel Greif Ontopic
https://www.greif.it/en/hotel-bolzano/1-0. http://ontopic.biz/
html