Reading Latin: Text

90 Pages·1986·10.996 MB·English

by  Peter V. Jones, Keith C. Sidwell

PETER V. JONES KEITH C. SIDWELL
3(
Reading Latin
TEXT
.1I.IIIII[D.r TIll 'RfH WND1C"T( Of TIn: UNlVrRSlTY 01
The Pin 8ulkbnll:.Trumrlngton Sl1l'el.C~mbndge. United Kmgdom
CONTENTS
(:A"lIRIDCI IINJI'[R<IT\' PRI ~~
The Edinburgh Buildml{. C:unbn~ C.llRU. UK
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This book D In ~~¢ll SuhJttl 10!.Ufmor)" cxccpoon
and 10 the pn;n'U.lOlUof~1C'\'WtcoDC'ctI>... hccmmg :ag:rumenrs.
f<l'radacnoo of~' JW' ~. t:Uc pLMe ""thout PtC'hmuury remuh
DO
the ...Tlnct! pnmnuon e>fCJ.mb~Urn'...mty Ptns. Acknowledgements
'"II
NotC1
LISt of m~ps and pbns
Introduction
Pnnted In the UllJ.lro iUnpJom u the Unr.>:T<lt)· Pma. Dmbndge Il~n One PfauflIs aud tilt' Roman comic tradifioll
~'ofC<>agrn<~ogt;eunl numboM' ~~-t7887
.,
Bn!llII u.-, c.u!'t""~I~ /'10""",...... ttu Section 2.: PUlltus' &uhidil
}onc<,-~\,
SeCtion 1: PUlltuS' A"'phitnlii
Re.dmg 1.IWL
....
T= PJ.n Two The demist ofthe Roman Rrpllbli(
,
IT. "~n.KcnhC Secuon ~ Prov1I1ciai corrupClon the Venn KJ.Jldd 73-""
470 '" :!Oj7
Scalon s: The comp,r~,,·ofDullne 111 Rome 6.4-1'i2. 8,
Secnon 6: POCI~' and politics: Dnar to Aultu tin '"
Notn on Illustrations '"
..
PRELIMINARY REMARKS
The course: time to be taken and principles of
construction
Rtlldrn.~ Ullin (Text and Grammar, III)(iJbulary and txtTtiSl's) :lImed at
lJ
maturt: ~gmners the §ixth form (IUh-12th grade). Unlvcmucs and
In
ldult due.mon who w,tnt to learn cwsical or mWl.1cnl bun. Tn..ls
werc earned between 1981 and 1984 at a number ofschoob.
OUt
summer school\. universities (.at home and the: Umted States.
In
Canlda. ew Zealand 2nd Denmark) and adult cduc.nion centres. and
the £1021 vemon gl\'cn to the Press In September 19!14. Our cx~rlcncc
mongl~' suggests that it lakes longer 10 develop a reading ahlln,-
In
latin than docs Greek. Consequently. in schools and aduh
It In
educallon......here time IS restricted. R(.ulrn.~ Ulfln should be !tc:ltcd u a
IWG-,vcar cour~. and In umvermics. on a ttmcuble of j- 4 hours a
week. the tlm yar's urget should be somewhere S«uon Vcrl
In j.
good group~ could, ofcour~. go f.aster.
The prln(;lpl~ on which we constructed the cour~ ~re br01dly thOil:
of R~aJrnR Gr«k. WIth three lIl\ponant exceptlons. FIrSt. It benme
clear carlyon that Latm needs more exercise work than Greek don.
and that English mto latin restricted to the level of the phra~ or
smgle verb has an important pan to play (there are also Enghdl mto
Laun sentences and SImple prose work for those who want them).
Secondly. we became con...mced that If~tudenh arc tVcr to l'C'~d L~nn
with ~ny tonfidence they must be encouraged from the ...cry begmnmg
to understand It. word by word ~nd phr.sc by phraS(, m the ume
order ~s It was wrmen. A large number ofexerCIses 1fe devoted to thiS
end. In pattlcular, we encourage students analpe QUI loud
10 melT
undemandmg of a sentence as the}' h'ans1~le and to mdlGaK' what
II
Ihey antlClp:Ue next. Thirdly, the rolc of Ihe utm language m the
v,
PttlimilllffJ rtfffllrks Prtlim,nary rtmarks vn
ish particular and Western civilisation and
&eve1opm,c_nt 0( E.g,l. geInneralis mcradi~blr. If we Ignored that Slip four: usc <IS much dEliriat UI/inat as lime: <llIow\ or penona! taste
romance liInguages 1·
a__;_w.1l'oon. amJi con..,...,...trated n.:arrowly on classlC:a La(tin, w.,e lCeI! that we dlct<ltcs.
Sup fiVt: on to the next S«"tion of the TtXI, and repeat.
ouId be dre:v:mg students ofan undcrsundmg 0 Lann s true
: nan« the Weslern world. Consequently, while the coune
~d
classical utln, the sections ofJillCllJt Latinat take the students A nOte for mediaeval Latinists
mto the worlds of pre-classlcal, pos!-Classical. Vulgate: 2nd mediaeval
Smce claSSical Latm IS the foundulon on which mediaeval d"·c!(lped.
UWl and explore unn's mAuence upon English vocabulary today.
and to which medlaev<ll writers conmtend)' looked bKk. essential
It IS
to stan Latin studlcs with classical Lann. The sections of dilioru u,ill4t
offer plent}" ofcontact wnh later Larin, cspcaally the Vulgate
Methodology (prob<lbly the most Important Latin text ever .....tluen). You dlould aim
Uscn of RriJiPlg CrHIt Will be familiar with the methodology that we to get mto. and preferabl)' complete. SectIon 5 of Rta4II1K ~tln. before
propose. 'There arc IWO \'olumcs; Text and Grammar, vocabulary and movmg on to the forthcoming Rtadmg mtdiatvaf lAll1l. Thl\ .....111 be a
Single volume twO hah·C'S. me first conmung ofselections of utm,
10
t'UfOMS (GVE).
hlstonca! sequence, from the first to the SIxteenth «ntun' A.D.•
Srq OM; wnh the help of the runnmg "oabul:mcs In GVE. or ""1(h In
~f
~ teacher prompnng. read and translate the approprntc settlon of the with <I commenta"!· on the IingUlme and cultural changes me urnes.
the second conSISung of a selecnon of texts Illunranng the medlaenl
Latin Tt:xf. In the course ofthe trarnlation. the teacher should draw
world and utin literature of the e1C\"enrh to thlnocnth century
out md fannalist on m~ bo.ard only thi grammar Ihat is ~l to W {lamid Its
for A.D. The texts ......11 be aceompamed b\' facmg-page \'ocabulanes <Ind.
tMt J«tiorr (thiS can. ofcoune. be done before the Ttxt is tackled. if
at the back. a workmg reference grammar of medIaeval Latm. and a
dK rt:acher so desires. but our upertence suggests It 15 far better to let
tmal vocabulary,
dK sruden15 try to sec for themselves. under me tocher's guidance.
me
how new grammar works).
wt
51? ~: when IS done. students should lC2rn thoroughly the
Lttmling voubtllary for me: S«"tlOn,
51? {hut: the: gramm21 of the StttIon should be reviewed and ACK NOWlEDGEMENTS
k:amed thoroughly from the GVE \'olume, and a sd~crion of the
cxercucs tadkd. It IS extremely Important to note that th~ exercise
should be reprdN as a pool owt ofwhich tht lifUhmjslwdnlu shlJwld We gIve our warmest thanks to <Ill our tC'Stlng InmtutlOlU. hc>th J.t
daoow WMt '0 Jo. _ WMIMr III or ONt ofclass, Som~ of the Simpler home and overseas, In p.rticular. we should 1Ike to thank I .\1.. le
M, DuQuC'>nay (thcn of the Um\'colty of Blrmmgham. now ofJrsus
cxercucs we have alrcady split into necessary and opnonal secnons. but
J.
this pnnaple should be applied to all of memo Most of these should be College. Cambndge) and Profeuor A. Banby (Um\C'rslt) 01 Ougo
done abd graded 011' ofclass (this saves much rime)!. but the Reading at Dunedin. New Zealand) who both gave up ....holh dl proportionate
rurcWs should all be done oca1Iy and the students encouraged to amounts of their lime to the early drafh of thc course. Janet Cann <lnd
u.n~ding ~ge Professor David West (UniversllY of Nc....cJ.stle upon Tyne) "ho
analyse out loud their of me as they read it.
This teehruqut should. U1 tlme, be passed on to me roding of the \uff~red .....ith th~ course from 115 very beglnnmgs. ;And un have larnt
T.." nothing through their $uffenng. though they be;.th uught us verv
J.
much; G. Randall (Umverslty of LancNcr), whose Panu S"g4c'i
taught us much about the techmque of rc.aJlng latin a\ It comes .uld
who PUI ;n our dIsposal his mdex of ulln senteDCC'S. Profeuor
J.
E. Kenney (Petcrhouse. Cambndgc), .....ho t~'ll)k the t~ Lanh
Aclmowldgtmnlts viii
J.
the trial text and pUlll skilfully out of ilS suffering; Dr G. F. Powell
NOTES
(University of Newcasde upon Tyne). who ran an expen eye at the
last minute over the whole courst' and saved us from much error of
fact andJudgemenl and whose notes on Lann word-order are the basis
for section W ofthe Reference Grammar; Dr R. L Thom50n
(University of l.«ds) for contributing the essays on the Lann language
in the Appendix; Sir Desmond Lee for the comedy .and prose
tranSlations: Professor West for the Lucretlus and VirgIl translations;
J.J.
Mr PatersOn (Vni\'erslty of Newc:urle upon Tyne) for work on
the hutorical mtroductlons to Sections .. and 5; Professor E. Phinney
(University of Massachuscm) for seruunismg the whole lext for
solecisms; our panent mdefatigable typist Ms K.J. WatsOn (University All dates are B.C.. unless otherwise specified.
I. .L L_
ofNewcasde upon Tyne); Professor B. A. Sparkes (Universuy of 2. Linkmg devices are used throughout the Ttxf to mdlcate worl;D bwf
Southampton) who has brought to the Illustrations the same should be taken together. - hnks words next to each other, r , ltnks
scholarship and Imagmatlon which 50 graced the pages of the Reading words separated from each other. Such phrases should be looked up
Cr«1r series; out editor Paulme Hire for patience ~)'ond under the first word of fhe group in the nmmng vocabularies.
the caD ofduty and most particularly our su~dHor Susan Moore, j. All vowels should be pronounced short, unless the)' arc marked
~ lo~g
whose hundrcck)-ed v1gilance dUring the preparation of the book for With a macron (e.g. e), when they should pronounced (see
production caught SO man)' slips. cspeClall)' m GVE, that It had to be pronunClation gUide. p. xiv of Grammar. vtKabulary and extTcutS
matched by a hundred-handed corrector. volume).
FinalJy, we gratefull)· acknowledge a loan of £750 from the Finance
Committee oftheJ.A.C.T. Grttk Project and a grant of£3,000 from
the Nufficld •Small Granu' Foundation which enabled the three-year
raring programme 10 bcg1n.
MAPS AND PLANS
Tbt generous support of these mSotutJons and the selfless commit
ment ofrhc individuals mentioned above have been mdispensable
iogrcdientJ in the production ofthIS courst'. Responsibility for all error
IS to be bid firmly at our door. Names of places and locafions of rnbcs mentioned tn the Laon text or
the English introductions will be found on one or other of these map$
...... V.Jones
or plans.
UDIYCfSlty ofNewcastle upon Tync, NEI 7RU U.K.
pagt x
The Roman world c. 44 B.C.
Kcioh C. 5NlweU I.
D
2. Asia Mmor and the bst
5, Patrick', College, Maynooch. Co. K;)du•• IRELAND D'
3. Greece
64
4. The ptovince of Sictly
III
N_ 5. Catiline: the fmal phase
IJ6-7
6. The battle of Pharsalus 48 B.C.
~o av~id
confusion. cspeciaUy amongst users of Rtading Cutk (C.U.P.
a9:7a8u).eII must be made clear that Rt4ding lAtin is the authors' private
~~o
landT conneaions whatever with the Joint Association of
'Gel a.~,
,
"
o
2
<
•••
•
'"
Introduction
TH
•
•
Romulu1 ,lnd Remus
I.
Greeks and Romans
Accordmg tradition, Rome w.as founded by Romulus on April
[0 21
753. He wa1 the fmt of ~...cn kmgs. In 509, the bst king (Tarquinius
Superbus - 'Tarqum the Proud') w:u expelled ;l,nd the Republic began.
w~s
This seen as the begmmng of the age of freedom (liMrl'iis). DUring
this period of anstocratic government, Rome cxu:nded her power first
through Italy. then into the Western Mediterranc:m (Sicily, Spam.
North Africa (Carthage)) and finally into the Eastern Mediterranean.
From the beginning Rome h.ad been contact with Greek culture. for
In
J. Grcecc.
Greek colonies had been established as early as the seventh century in
hall' and SIcily. North of Rome lay another developed culture. th,u of
the Etruscans. Roman culture developed under these jomt mAuences.
When the Romans finally conquered Greece in 146, they found
themselves in possession of the home of the moSt prestigiOUS culture in
the MedIterranean. Their reactlon was very complex, but three main
strands may be seen. They were proud of their military and
admlnlstratlve achievement and thus contemptuous of contemporary
!nt,i'duction XIY
frrtroduetion
Greeb whonl they had defcated, At the '>.anlC time, they shared the
Romans now fclt theIr culture could stand compartson WIth the very
reverence of contemporary Greek~ for the great cultural achicvemcllls
best of the Greeks', ThIS veneranon of the Greeks contram strongly
ofe,nlu:r Greeb - Homer, Herodotus, Thucydides, the tragedians,
with, for example, the Roman satirist Juvenal's constant atucks on the
comic poe'lS and orators. The r~ult of thIS ambIvalent atmude was a
contemporary Grarculus fsuriills ('starving little Greek '), whICh
more or less consciom dcri~lon creale for themselves a culture
10
reflected amtocratic contempt for' modern' Greeks as the decadent
worthy of theIr pomlOll as the new dOlnmant power. This culture wa~
descendants of a once great people, Yet at all periods IIldivldual Greeks
modcll~ on and emulated that ofGreecc m ItS hevdav. Yet the
(e.g, Polybius, Posidomus, Parthemus, Phllodemus) werc held m hIgh
cult~re ~vas It~
Romans' prtde In them\Ches ensured that the utln and esteem at Rome. And by the end of the first century Rome had
literatUre was wmten lwn, not Grcck. Horacc's famous words
In become the cultural centre of the world. in the eyes not only of
tllu~trate Rome's debt to Grcek culture:
Romans but also of Greeks whose poets, scholan and philo!>Ophers now
C./lti!J ((Sptllfm.'" ..,1I·,ntO tip", tt 3ftiJ Rocked there. It is part of the greatness of Rome that. when
'N/"/'/ IIvrJ/; Lmp confronted with Greek culture, she neither ytelded completely nor
trampled under foot, but accepted the challenge. took o\'er,
'upturn;! Grtt<C' look ~\"IgeconqUC'fC'T It It
1('
transformed and transmitted It to Europe. Without the medlauon of
Olpm"e.md broustll CuhurC' (0 fUmc luly'
Rome, our culture would be very different. and, arguably, much the
On the other hand. Ihe poet Properuus. a contemporu)" of Vtrgil
lerms~ poorer.
dcscnbcs. Vlrgll\ Aeneid In the followlOg ' Herc Cicero. one of Rome's most IIlRuential wrncrs. remlllds hb
/UJC"'" T/ JM brother QUllltuS (who was governor of ASIa MtOClr, a Roman provlIlce
tJrsntNfl',tlIl't,l'IUi
he2vil)' peopled by Greeks) Just who he charge of and the debt
IS III
's<,·"tth,r'l,!; .-:rcnn dun (he II,.MI" bang producn;!'
Rome owes to them:
a. Rome In the fint C('fltury 1\,1).
I~
We are governinl .II avilised race. in un the race (rom which
PART ONE
ClvilisItIOII iI believed JO have paaed to others. and assuredly we ought
am:
CO avilisation', benefiu above aU to those from whom ~ have
iCCC..ed It. Yes, I say It wubout dwnt. especially as my life and n:cord Sections 1-3: Plautus and the
leave DO opmml for aft)' susptCIOO otindoknce or frivolity;
nerythins that I haw ataincd I owe to those punuiu and disciplinn
which haft beeD ha..ded down to US 1ft the literature and teachmgs of Roman comic tradition
Greece. 1bc:iCWrc, we may wdl ~ tholllbt to owe a spec:U.J duty to
dIiI people, over aDd above oar common obligation to mankmd:
ICbookd by dxir piUCpD. we mUSl wish to exhibit wh.at we have
Icamcd before the eyes ofoar i1dtiuaor~
(Cicno. Ad Quillhlm I.I)
P)aums
Tims Macc(i)us P!:aUIUS probably lived from t. 2S0 to c. 180. He" uld
to have wrim:n about 130 comedies of which 19 surVWt. Like: almost
:all Roman wnten, he drew the Insptntion for hts work from earlier
Greek models. whICh he fredy trambled and adapted to ht 1M Roman
audience for which he was wnting. For cumplc:. almO"t certam
It IS
that he based Au/ulana. the fmc play you will r~d. on a play by the
Ath~ni~n M~n~nd~r (t. 340 t. 1.90). ~nd &u(hiJis on Mmander's Dis
[0
tWO-lIm~ PI~utus
(xapaton ('The trickster"). comedies for
\\TO«=
~t Rom~n feSlI\'~ls
production (firilU. INdi). nmn dcvoted to won}up
of the gods ~nd ~bstention from work. Th~ ongmOlls ar~ wnctcn
In
\·cr~.
Actors in th~ Greek originals ....or~ muks which covered the whole
hc~d. ~bsolutdy c~rtain
Though is not that PlautUS followed thIS
It
hav~ P1autin~
canyenllon, we ilIustTOltcd the chaucters In the
Introduction WIth Gr~ek mask-t)pes from around the nme of
Menander. Notes on these masks and on the other dlusmnons will be
found on p. 54·
t
Plautus' Aulularid: a note
A"I"lMia begins with the entry of the family tar (household god
who sketches the history of the family m bncfoutline and alerts us 10
Euclio's miserliness. For the purposes ofadaptabon. we have 6Dcd out:
that brief family history with a number ofscenes taken &om
in Roman comedy. We swt to follow PbuNS at Section C
fnrroJuetion Piau/lIS" Aull/IiiTlO J
Section
1
JriimaliJ ptrSOlloe
Eucha: Eucha senex cst. p.Hcr-Phacdrac.
Plautus' Aulularia Phacdra; Phacdra fThl-Euclionis cst,
Slaphyla: scrull-Euchoms cst.
Eucha '\Cncx cst. Eucha sencx auims cst. Eucllll ;lcdlbm h..blUI
In-
•
cum-fIlii. fllia-Euchonis Ph.acdra cst ct '\Crua at'd,bus.
<:'.it In-
scruac-noffiC'n cst Suphylol.
Euchonis-famlha m-acdlhus habitat. sunt m-famthi-Euc!Jonn
patcrf..mlh~. ct Phacdra fth:l-Euclloms. ct Suphyu strUlI. omn's
acdtbus hahlunt.
In-
Introducnon: jami/ilJ Eucliollis
Sl.ctlOn I A
rll1~ $(tr!f m vt badt I 1m mllny)'l ,. E"d,' gr..Jnd llrh.. lJn,sol('ftt
the day III ughk"S" tJ,;/in , kilrful ,11<11 111$ g I.M
<2J01id
tntnj_~
ht '" {us "oJ t p'(paf<JIr' J. I I" tM sc t Iu '"
qulS n tii? ~o sum Euclio. sc:nc:x sum, II"" til IJ (od lht LJr • Ht pillS I n a pOl aJ / II, t ,r: II ... ....ellr lh
<lr,ar.
Jr,jn; tIS ptr t
vc
macn('tu~ Dcm~en tu~ SC1lC" ~t. Eue {lO lUw..
scruu~' u;-nome Diuu~.
(";t
ru' ego sum Phaedn. nita
qulS cs
Eudionis sum.
quis cs rii?
Staphyla sum, KrUa EuciioOls.
qui cstlS?
famIlia Euchoms sumus.