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Hegel Edited and Introduced by Aakash Singh and Rimina Mohapatra re.press Melbourne 2008 re.press PO Box 75, Seddon, 3011, Melbourne, Australia http://www.re-press.org © re.press 2008 Th is work is ‘Open Access’, published under a creative commons license which means that you are free to copy, distribute, display, and perform the work as long as you clearly attribute the work to the authors, that you do not use this work for any commercial gain in any form whatsoever and that you in no way alter, transform or build on the work outside of its use in normal academic scholarship without express permission of the author (or their executors) and the publisher of this volume. For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work. For more information see the details of the creative commons licence at this website: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available fr om the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available fr om the Library of Congress National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Author: Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831. Title: Reading Hegel : Hegel’s introductions / G. W. F. Hegel; editor Aakash Singh, Rimina Mohapatra. ISBN: 9780980544015 (pbk.) Notes: Includes index. Bibliography. Subjects: Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 1770-1831. Philosophy. Other Authors/Contributors: Singh, Aakash. Mohapatra, Rimina. Dewey Number: 193 Designed and Typeset by A&R Th is book is produced sustainably using plantation timber, and printed in the destination market reducing wastage and excess transport. CONTENTS Th e Texts page vii EDITORS’ INTRODUCTION 1 Th e Circle of Knowledge - 3; Th e Concretion of Knowledge - 5; Th e Phenomenology of Spirit - 8; Th e Science of Logic - 8; Th e Philosophy of Right - 10; Th e Philosophy of History - 11; Th e Philosophy of Fine Art - 12; Th e Philosophy of Religion - 15; Th e History of Philosophy - 17; Closing the Circle - 17; References - 19 PHENOMENOLOGY OF SPIRIT 21 Preface: On Scientifi c Knowledge - 23; Th e Element of Truth is the Concept/Notion (Begriff ), And its True Form, the Scientifi c System - 25; Present Position of the Spirit - 26; Th e Principle is not the Completion; Against Formalism - 28; Th e Absolute is Subject, and What this is - 29; Th e Element of Knowledge - 33; Th e Ascent into this is the Phenomenology of Spirit - 34; Th e Transformation of the Familiar into Th ought - 35; Transformation into the Concept - 37; In What Way the Phenomenology of the Spirit is Negative - 39; Historical and Mathematical Truth - 40; Th e Nature of Philosophical Truth and its Method - 42; Against Schematizing Formalism - 43; Th e Demands of the Study of Philosophy - 46; Argumentative Th inking in its Negative Attitude - 47; In its Positive Attitude; its Subject - 47 SCIENCE OF LOGIC 53 Preface to the First Edition - 55; Preface to the Second Edition - 58; Introduction: General Concept of Logic - 67; General Classifi cation of Logic - 80 PHILOSOPHY OF RIGHT 85 Preface - 87; Introduction - 89 PHILOSOPHY OF HISTORY 111 Introduction - 113; Original History - 113; Refl ective History - 114; Philosophical History - 116; Reason Governs the World - 117; Essential Destiny of Reason - 120; Th e Course of the World’s History - 142 PHILOSOPHY OF FINE ART 155 Th e Limits of Aesthetics - 157; Aesthetics Confi ned to Beauty of Art - 157; Is Art Unworthy of Scientifi c Consideration? - 158; Scientifi c Methods which Apply to the Beautiful and Art - 165; Th e Empirical Method - 165; Abstract Refl ection - 166; Th e Philosophical Idea of Artistic Beauty - 166; Th e Notion of the Beauty of Art - 167; Th e Art-Work is a Creation of Human Activity - 167; Th e Art-Work is Addressed to Human Sense - 172; Th e End or Interest of Art - 178 PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION 191 Preliminary - 193; Th e Severance of Religion from the Free, Worldly Consciousness - 195; Th e Position of the Philosophy of Religion Relatively to Philosophy and to Religion - 199; Division of the Subject - 206 HISTORY OF PHILOSOPHY 221 Introduction - 223; Th e Notion of the History of Philosophy - 225; Th e Relation of Philosophy to Other Departments of Knowledge - 229; Relation of Philosophy to Religion - 232; Commencement of Philosophy and of Its History - 236; Division of the History of Philosophy - 240 THE END OF INTRODUCTIONS 247 Th e End of Introductions - 249; Th e Phenomenology of Spirit - 250; Th e Science of Logic - 251; Th e Philosophy of Right - 253; Th e Philosophy of History - 254; Th e Philosophy of Fine Art - 254; Th e Philosophy of Religion - 255; Th e History of Philosophy - 256; Conclusion - 257; Further Readings - 257 INDEX 261 THE TEXTS (cid:25) Although the translations used in this volume are no longer under copyright and now in the public domain, the editors would like to gratefully acknowledge both the translators and their publishers for the texts that have served as our sources. Th e present work would not have been possible without them. All the texts, however, have been slightly altered from the sources: not only have the translations each been modifi ed in part, but also the texts have been abridged for readability and concision. A word on our method of abridgement: we essentially strove to produce a reader-friendly text, one that novices to Hegel could ease into without feeling intimidated; in this eff ort, we not only excluded what was obviously excludable, such as long digressions or internal repetitions, but also excised text if the idea or argument expressed in a certain chapter had been articulated in another chapter elsewhere in the book. Th us, with the exception of the fi nal chapter (from Th e History of Philosophy), Hegel’s recycling of the same examples and metaphors has been curtailed herein. Th e fi nal chapter, however, weaves together so many threads and themes from all the earlier chapters that it was thought best to permit Hegel to revive all his previously employed im- ages and arguments, such that the overall systematic nature of Hegel’s thought would be adequately conveyed. For those who seek the complete, unaltered translations of Hegel’s writings, the editors would advert to the following originals: Phenomenology of Spirit, trans. J. B. Baillie, New York, Macmillan, 1910. Hegel’s Science of Logic, trans. W. H. Johnston and L. G. Struthers, vol. 1, 2 vols. London, George Allen & Unwin, 1929. Philosophy of Right, trans. S. W. Dyde [1896], New York, Dover, 2005. Philosophy of History, trans. J. Sibree [1857], New York, Dover, 1956. Th e Philosophy of Fine Art, trans. F. P. B. Osmaston, vol. 1, 4 vols., London, G. Bell and Sons, 1920. Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion, trans. E. B. Speirs and J. B. Sanderson, vol. 1, 3 vols., London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1895. Hegel’s Lectures on the History of Philosophy, trans. E. S. Haldane, vol. 1, 3 vols., London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1892. vii