Rationale for the Development of Ontario Air Standards for Styrene - Consultation Draft

36 Pages·1998·0.08 MB·English

by  Ontario. Ministry of the Environment

RATIONALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ONTARIO AIR STANDARDS
FOR
STYRENE
CONSULTATION DRAFT
February 1998
Standards Development Branch
Ontario Ministry of the Environment
Executive Summary
r ieatad pruo/d npaolev eoddte ee nhdteifitne ds iathnemnoriv ne E hfytortsin ioMirat neOhT
ndiesael esr ahwci hnwa lsPdradna tsS’yrtsin ieM h.Tstnanimatn oyctiroi rrp osfdradna tystilauq
tx ee nhr tosfdradna tr siftaonempolev ee dhr tosfecnatsb uestadidn adceifitne d,i69 9r1ebotcO
s tnhiot odbes awbeiv er royftiro i srdaapeifitne ds iaewne r.y )t6S9 9,1EEO Ms(ra elyareves
gnitsi xee hetcn idsehsilb unpoitamrof nliacigolocix ottnec edr noairat n nOei s funorettap
enery trs osfeniledi udg nsadradna tssenima xtenemuc osdi h5.T7 9 n1diepolev esd adwradnats
ri Atneibm Agnitsix eeh ttah tsdnemmoce rdn asisa bcifitneic srieh tdn asnoitcidsiru jreht on idesu
rie hmto rdfegnahc nnuiam edrradna t)sIO Pt(nemegnip m fitoni odp n)aCQA An(oireti ryCtilauQ
.seul atvneserp
,te e hwats i,werutarepm emto otdraiuq iyll i,owoll eryae losctselruo l soraicemon oemnerytS
n0 e 06e s57wee 8trud-eallbaovhs er rueholtdboa te .p ger efnhupcoaTorcrdaaohs m/g 3 .nI
F
)B Se(neidatub-enery t,senerytsyl o fpeorutcafun aem hetdulc neinery t fssoe sluairtsud n,iadanaC
d nsanis erretseyl odpetarutas n,usnis e)rSB Ae(neryts-eneidatub-elirtinolyr c,asnoitarape rxpetal
citehtn y,sslairet amma oefdulc nsilairet agmniniatnoc-enery t rseonery t fssoe sdu n.Erebb uBrS
lat e,mseviseh d,asehsinr adv nsatni a,psex a,wscitsa l,pse re iltibomot u sahac usstcudo rrpebbur
selp mraosod tsfunoooitartnec nnoaci d,eomira t.nnsIOtcud osrsp aslugor b disnfraenaelc
detce lts lau doos eciedtrtecaig e vsnmtoaoetrrdf- t6o.n0 m/g 3laun ne ahs tanwoita c. oonlnI
F
egare vraetaerg naht 5.1 m/g 3d n 2an1eewt eebr edwerusa esmlev erluoh- 4m2umix aem m. oS
F
23.7 m/g 4d8 nn1aeewt edbeir3 asvecru ossuoir arva esnlev edlerusa ermuoh-fl aehli h,w m/g 3 .
F F
yrotarip seesr udoaetctro pne er seeabchalpk r eoenhwniter ysftlose vhe gleoirthusopxE
)SN Cm(ets yssuovr elnartn ehct idwetaicos saaesu ad nneaugit a,fehcada ed hnnaoitatirri
,stcef fmeets yssuovr elnarehpir eepsu aocs lna aecnery ttsa hetcnedi veem o sseire h.Tnoisserped
,ytiretx eldaun ansmotcef feesrev dealtb ungsinitlus esret anroitcudn oecvr ednecud eshracus
eva hrevi leh tn ostceff E.ytilib alausi vn isegnah cdn aytivitisne syrosne s,sllik sgninrae llabrev
e hgtno m sayiticixotoru elnat etfa hettacid nait aedlbalia vea h.Tseidu tlsami n nadinu onfe eobsla
-oru eenltb ue shfntooitaredisn o.Cerusop xeenery tfssotcef fe ehr tosftniop-d neevitisn etssom
yticixotoru elnat eef hdt nsaeidu tesrusop xleanoitapuc cnoam u nhdievres bsotcef fleacigolohcysp
htla erah osfis aebtairporp p nasaedivo rrpenn admecnal a nabsieidu tlsami n nadievres bsotceffe
detim i rleotauqeda ndieredisn oec rsaeidu tlsami nda nlaacigoloimedi phet o.Bdradna tdsesab
.enery t fsyoticinegonicr aec hgtnidrager
)I OtPn(emegni ptfmnoi iroupoh- 2 e/:h1stwol l esoerafnaer y rtsosdfradn attnser reuhcT
0 0h4t oe br)aCQA An(oireti ryCtila ur QitAneib mrAuoh- 4e 2hd tn6 a4n3oitalug endRiradnats
m/gµ 3oir aet sn,eOnhotitamr olfanciigoloc itx nod et enc.s oe ra.rd uB eno hesodtraooabB
.weiv efdroe endnieredisn ow coe nr,a57 9nd1iepolev e,dsdradnats
d nganiweiv e srtinemnoriv neE h ftyortsin ieM h,toirat nrO osfdradna tystila urq iganipolev endI
f.Oediw-dlr osweicne glaatnemnoriv n yedbe ssudradna tds nsaeniledi uygtila urq iganiredisnoc
dlr oeW h ytebniledi uygtila urq idaesopo rypltnec eer h,tseicne graeh tmoo rdfeweiv earireti recht
i
ri e.heTlanoi teatrairpor ptp s aeoe h mvdtoaethredis n so)acOw HnWo(itazina ghrtOlaeH
reh tydobes uy(du tlsanoitapuc cnoi ae mhhtt oftbonemtae rdtecnal aebr ondmoeil elrasoporp
naidan ahCtla e yHdbe syudu tysticixotoru elnat eef hdt n)aA P.ES .eU hetk i,lseicnega
ytila ur qieagare vyalke edwesopo rrpie h.Tenery tr sonfoitartnecn oeClbare l goanTidnemmocer
m/g u06 2f oenilediug 3 s e0m m5/edo4ggec µ ateorrrbt u ee ,onvvahean-ho4wc2 3gnitsi xee h.T
m/ g0u 0 f4nooireti ryctila urq itaneib mrauoh-42 3htl ateshni aegvaitcet oeerrbpofer edhltu ohs
.desa bs ienilediu gOH Weh thcih wn ostceffe
fyoticix oet h,tsnoitcidsir urjeh t nodie ssueniledi uygtila urq itaneib m fatonemsses s na nadoesaB
lev edlnuo rdgelled odm noairat n nOdierusa eemnery t fssolev eel h,tdnuopm osciht
sdnemmoc eyrrtsin ieM h,tlavorp p fAsoetacifitr erC osfnoitacilp ptanec emro rsfnoitartnecnoc
that:
• gnitsi xeeht m/ g0u 0 f4)oCQA An(oireti ryctila urq itaneib meagare vrauoh-42 3
demriffa- ee,rbruo dndooes aybltnese r,penery tr so)fr ifeaort ecmib ur cespmargorcim(
yltnec eerniledi uygtila urq iea h ntdoes a sbeiul asvi h.Thtla e ohdtegna h ecsbis asb ttiub
.)O HnWo(itazina ghrtOl adelH r eodyhWebtsoporp
• lev etlnerr usc t tinaiam eernery trs odfradna ttsnemegnip m fitoni orpuoh-fl aghnitsi xeeht
m / 0gf0µo4 3 eth atwh otshnsoitaulave -tenre c.e)R refiroa tceim b rusecmpargorc im(
n me6/e7g wµstee gbennaer rdrylotofshs erruhotdo 3 m/ g0µ0 5d 8na 3 ru o ndh a otaeimw
m d/0flg3ooµ6hse rnhotitceted 3e hfd tonreew oe lhtstall aeful aovirat ntOnerr ue ch.T
neog indd tan eercranr vueaeoi otc dttf hdeei coht odbseetldrnbtoanuoobeaocrhdpo
.stceffe
ii
Table of Contents
yrammu SevitucexE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i
1.0 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
noitaula vdE nwaeiv e0R.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
noitamrof nlIaren e1G.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
sle v desnLeacr u2o.S2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
snoitaluge Rytilau Qri Agnitsix Ef oweive R3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
oirat nrO onfoireti ryCtila urQ itAneib m nA fatonempolev e0D.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
enery tr Sosfehcaorp pyArotalug efnRooissucs i1D.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
yticinegonicr andCoes aeBnery tr Sosfehcaorp pyArotalug e1R.1.3 . . . . . . . . . 4
cinegonicra Cdn-e onsaoeanNBer yrstoeSfhcaor pyprAotalu g2e.R1.3
tniopdnE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
enery trS osfdradna tyStila urQ itAneib mrA onfoitadnemmoc e2R.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
s n0o .is4tu atrtaeltd uSlfsoonhoeCkatS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
snoitadnemmoc e0R.5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
secneref e0R.6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
senilediu Gytilau Qri Af osweive RcificepS-ycneg A:xidnepp A0.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
seta tdSeti neU h fttonemnrev olGared e:Fyramm ucSificepS-ycne g1A.7 . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ainrofil a fCeota t:Syramm ucSificepS-ycne g2A.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
noitazinag rhOtla edHlr o:Wyramm ucSificepS-ycne g3A.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
sdnalreht eeN h:Tyramm ucSificepS-ycne g4A.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
enicid elMatnemnoriv n fEeotutits nhIside w:Syramm ucSificepS-ycne g5A.7 . . . . . . . . 27
eta tkSr ow Ye:Nyramm ucSificepS-ycne g6A.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
sttesuhcass a fMhotlaewnomm o:Cyramm ucSificepS-ycne g7A.7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
iii
1.0 Introduction
ri agniniatnia mdn agniveihc an odesa bs isnoissim eri agnitaluge ro thcaorpp ayramir ps’oiratnO
e. htTnemnoriv nee hdt nhatla enham u fheovitceto r sphici hywtilauq Environmental Protection
Act ottnanimat n toai c moletaitnet oe phetv arthoi mheci hswecru oysranoita tl slsaeriuq er
n ayctilic aef hhtci hrwed nsunoitidn oec hstenilt uhoci hlwavorp p fAeotacifitr enaCiatbo
operate.
eus s oidte sauireti rec h fteo n sosieniledi udg nsadradna tystila urq ihat iewcnailpmoC
l odr etornt io tucenqrae anrs iefmc oar ltuaanoios tc.sn leeract o vrosoup eroftpSoapcAifitreC
t osdniradna te shydtbeifice ptsnanimat n fnoaoocitartnecn oe chtta hetrus nosetnoissime
deliat esdetaroproc nhici hgwnilled onmoisreps i.Dytrepo rrpie hft ftoni oyp n tadaedeecxe
tneib mganitlus e oretcru omaso rsfet anroissi meetal e ordte s susinoitalucl agcnireenigne
.tnanimat nroacluci tsf rnoaaopitartnecnoc
ytila urq itanei b, msadradna tysrotalug e frnooitanibm osace stunemnoriv neE h ftyortsin ieMhT
lavorp p fAsoetacifitr egCniweiv e nrsieniledi u)gIO Pt(nemegnip m fitoni odp n)aCQA Aa(iretirc
n ad cn6 a4n3oitalug erRed nduehsilbat se ersadrad nta ntesmegnip mftioni o.P)a49 9,1EEOM(
tai mteonn aeccr u toaa shsteifice pnsoitalug ee rhsstalo ottnemecrof nsyealtcer idde seub
ftoni olpamix asm t tidaedeec xgeni edbradna t nastilus edrlu ohwci hlwev e taltananimatnoc
noitalug ehRt iywlpm oodcteriuq ee rrsaecru ol sl.A))3 (n5oitce Sy(trepo rs ptf iftonemegnipmi
sdradna tIs O sP.Anoitalug erred nduetpme xyellacifice pes ryae hstsel nsudradna tIs O6P43
ot nniek a eotdbte esneus sciimonoce-oic o,ssecru ol s loyatlp p6 a4n3oitalug erRed ndueificeps
seire hdt nealbisa eyfllacinhc eet rsadradna tes htta hetrus n oettnempolev erdie h ntnioitaredisnoc
.ytila urq itaneib mdaevorp m fisots odc nsatifen eeb hnteewt eebcnal aab
reg r s aaaolhs lyartsin ie Mh,t6 4n3oitalug erRed nduehsilbat ssedradna tI sOonPtoitid dnaI
.sCQA Amor fdevire dsenilediu gtnemegnipm If otnio Pd n aairetir cytilau qri atneibm af orebmun
e hdt nyatila urq ilaaren esgses s oaytrtsin ieM h ytdbe seu reasehT potential nganisu arc of
seniledi utgnemegnip m fitoni o,p6 4n3oitalug e nRdieifice pssdradna tIs OePk i.Ltcef feesrevda
ec n.Osecru onsoissi mdeeifid odm nwa eenvorp p oaltavorp p fAsoetacifitr e nCdie sous leara
tnemegnip m fitoni o,plavorp p fAeotacifitr eeaCk itlnemurts nliag eoalt ndietaroprocni
t o onyde h,tsdradna tIs O6P 4n3oitalug eeRkil nruevew o,hgnidn iybllag eel rsaenilediug
yllamr o ens rC aQ. AdAetaglumo rep ryae hetm iet h ttsaecru ogsnitsi x oeytlp pyallacitamotua
ndoes asbtcef fleatnemnoriv nrheotla enham uehsrev deasu aodctetcep xt eolne v tetaales
e rsats od cnyatilibisa elfacinhc eshtac ussrotc acfimonoce-oic o,sh c. uessrAusop xseuounitnoc
.stimi lhcu sgnihsilbats eneh wderedisno cylticilpx eton
semi tgnigarev aruoh-fla hyolpm ehcih wsenilediu gdn asdradnat stnemegnipm if otnio p,yllareneG
r itAneib meA htta hetrus nlel iewniledi u rgdoradna tes hhtt iewcnailpm otca hhtc uts eesra
n.It e emlbl i)wsru o 4h.2g. es(doir egpnigare vmar ertegn o nldoes a sbhic in howireti ryCtilauQ
r,u so e,rhehsu-kteo4ird2luo smorpex t eet -s nrcrteenrieeurshaeahfcoatcvtwfchcoreosec
eh teva hya mdradnat stnemegnipm if otnio pruoh-fla heh tdn anoiretir Cytilau Qri AtneibmA
.eula vemas
1
r ieatad pruo/d npaolev eoddte ee nhdteifitne ds iathnemnoriv ne E hfytortsin ioMirat neOhT
s ahwc in haw lsPdradna tsS’yrtsin ieM h.Tstnanimatn occix oyttiroi rrp osfdradnats/senilediug
r osfdradna tr s iftaonempolev ee dhr tosfecnatsb uestadidn adceifitne d,i69 9r1ebot cndOiesaeler
fnorett as p tnhiot odbes awbeiv er royftiroi rsdpaeifitne ds iaewne r.y strSa elyarev etsx eenht
s aswdradna tgsnitsi xee hetcn idsehsilb unpoitamrof nliacigolocix ottnec edr noairat n nOeisu
gnitsi xe ehtta hgtnidnemmoc er roeflanoit ae rhstedivo rtpnemuc osdi h.T57 9nd1iepoleved
degnahc nnuiam eernery trs odfradna tsstnemegnip m fitoni odp nnaoireti ryctila urq itaneibma
.seul atvnese rrpie hmtorf
2.0 Review and Evaluation
2.1 General Information
Cr(emon oemnerytS H hat i,werutarepm emto otdraiuq iyll i,orae l,cwoll eosytselruo l so)aic
8 8
sweet, sharp odour. Odour thresholds are reported as a range of 0.017 to 1.9 ppm (approx. 70 to
8,100 m/g sriebm unnoitacifitn3e d)iSA Ce(civr esStcarts blAacime heC h.T)19 9,1HIGC A)(
F
0005763 LsrWiebm u)nSCET Rs(ecnatsb ulSacime hfsCotcef fcEix ofyTortsig ee Rh,t5-24-001
.55 0Nsr2Uiebm ulnairet asMuodraz asHnoit adNeti ne Uhdtna
;noitati ryrriotarip seesr udoaetctartsno mne ed seeabchalpk r eosnhwlite vhe gleoirthusopxE
.noisserp e)dSN Cm(ets yssuovr elnartn ehct idwetaicos saaesu ad nneaugit a,fehcada edhna
shac u,sstcef fmeets yssuovr elnarehpir eepsu aocs lna aecnery ttsa hetcnedi veem o sseirehT
labr e,vytiretx eldaun a nmsotcef feesrev dealtb u nsginitlus esret anroitcudn oecvr ednecuder
f oecnediv egnitcilfno cs iereh T.ytilib alausi vn isegnah cdn aytivitisne syrosne s,sllik sgninrael
etauqeda nmio rrfeff usseidu tesse h.Tsrekr oewlam e nfsiemoct uyocnange r npsotcef feesrevda
d ne aye e hnstotcef f.Eslacime hrceh td oneanery tosstlev eelrusop xfneooitatnemucod
.sg iapeni ud gnsat afsroeidu tndsievres bnoe eebv anhoitatir ryirotaripser
recn ar coefcnedi ve ehstredisn o)c78 9,1CRA Ir(ecn anhCocraes er Royfcne glAanoitanret neIhT
em onse es baehre h,tCR AogItnidroc c.Aetauqeda neoeibtnery toestrusop xmeo rsfnam unhi
erusop xde n,aamohpm ydl naaimeku e fltonempolev eed hnteewt enboitaicos s na fasonoitseggus
la iod tted ne iaeebsdhhtnutootpista l ru s ep,eekor ihrpentdto visuw.eotewmsno eHortyts
rdoeft sne et seeabnher y.teSneidatub- 3 d,en1naez nhse cab,usslacim erhec hdotetosopxe
nsiruom ugtn u nleisaerc n nisa aewre h.Tst adr neac i omntoitartsinim dlaa r yoybticinegonicrac
er eewrusop x fesoetu onroitalah ndi nlaa r yosbt a frsoeidu trseh t.Oydu tes n noeic iemlam
CR A.I)789 1C(R AytIblus enlriacoviu qrdeoetrop eyrletauqeda nsdiaeziretcarahc
sttesuhcass a fMeota teS h.Tdetim i slyaticinegonicr arc oefcnedi vleami nea hdteziretcarahc
.negonicr ancam uehlbab o sreaapnery tdseziretcarahc
2.2 Sources and Levels
rebb ucritehtn yds nsagnita oecvitceto r,pscitsa l fpeorutcafun aem h ntdie syulirami r speinerytS
,enerytsyl ofeporutcafun ae mhetdulc neinery tfssoe sluairtsud n,iadan an.CI)19 9,1HIGCA(
2
,snis e)rSB Ae(neryts-eneidatub-elirtinolyr c,asnoitarape rxpet a)lB Se(neidatub-eneryts
slairet agmniniatno ce-nery tresonery tfssoe sd un.Erebb uBd rSnsanis erretseyl odpetarutasnu
stni a,psex a,wscitsa l,pse re iltibomot u sahac usstcudo rrpebb ucritehtn y,sslairet amma oefdulcni
.)39 9,1APE Cs(tcudo rspsa lsguorb id fnsarenae llcat e,mseviseh d,asehsinr advna
59 9d 1n4a9 9,139 9ns1ienn o0 t2d 7n2a9 7,173 9e1r eawdan anr Ciioeatnery tfssonoissimE
tnatu lllaonP o di 5etne.9saoh)9aN t51B,9 I9;R1 4P,9N I9;R1 3P,9NI9 R1yPlNe(vitcepser
citsa lep hmto refr eawdan a nCsinoissi meenery t fsyotiroj aem h,t)IRP Ny(rotnev neIsaeleR
lat eymrami re phd tntanempiu qneoitatropsna r,tstcudo rlpacim e lh&accime h,cstcudorp
.seirtsudni
se n lnd8fa oe7otats1oate lhec riohiwr a stnenic Or du9eo1t ss)i5 l9,I 9IR51 R P9ePN9hN1T(
yllau qyeletamixorp ps aaswesael eerse hf)to% 0,9.e. iy(tiroj ae mh.Terehpsom te a hoettnery tfso
ts eer hhtt isweirtsud ndieilla/lacime hdc nlaat eymrami r,ptcudo r,pcitsa lep hgtno mdaetubirtsid
.secr usousoenallec s diynmratsu dsnticud odr op eomhwotrf
secru o 3sd4eifitne doiirat n nOliavorp p fAsoetacifitr erC osfnoitacilp ptanec e frsoisyla nnaA
e rsanoitare p fosoep yttnereff ildarev e.Setacifitr eyadCberev oecnery t fssonoissi mhetiw
d nsasalgerb i,fsseco repnerytsyl o,pgnisseco rrpebb u,re sd uneagaro tnsis eshrac u,sdedulcni
5,7naid ee mh.Tgnilcyc ed rnsahto oybar p,ssesseco rnpoisurt xceitsa l,pgnirutcafun atmaob ht d na
95 gnhtilled onmoisreps i6d 4n3oitalug e yRdbetcide r,psnoitartnecn olCev edLnuo r fGeolitnecr ep
m/ g7 u8d 2n1 a0, 13y6letamixorp pear e,wsecru o3l s4lraof mumini3 meh telih w,ylevitcepse r
m/ g7u 2d3 n2a6000 .e0r esweul amvumix admna 3.ylevitceps er

se tsiusoi rdtaeavtcel lsoeclp mraosod tsfunoooitartnec nnoaci d,eomira tsnn0iO 9 e9nh1It
ranged from not-detected to 0.6 m/g er eewner3y t fssolev edlerusa emmumix aem hhtguoht l.A
F
7.3 2dna 21 m/g laun nea hst 3anwoitac o ol nn,iylevitceps earguassiss idM nkar ohYtr o nNi
F
egare vraetaerg naht 5.1 m/g 3mumix atmsehg ieher he th,t69 9n,1iainr an.SI)b49 9,1EEO M(
F
m/ g5u4 .d 1n,a28 .,026 .e0r eswelpm aysli a0md3o r)fegare vrauoh-4 2s(eulav 3 (LIS, 1997).
n i,69-599 1n i,eneryt sf o)enely xemo sdeniatno ceva hya mhcihw (sleve lylruo hmumixaM
d4n2n6e3aew tdeebg n,aarinraS m/g 3n e)keagta rreuvoah-f lsathn(emeru s.a)e 7M,9 S9I1L(
F
sleve ldewoh sseirtsudn icitsal pdn alacimehcorte p,repa pra t,sllifdna lgnidulcn i,seitilica fraen
n d4e1n8eawteb m/g 3 (MOEE, 1996c).
F
f oytinici veh tmor fsleve leneryt scirehpsomt atneibm a,s089 1ylra eeh tn ieda mstnemerusae mnI
0 9o76t0 .m0o rdfegn aori hd Onnaagihc i,Madiro lndFietac oslrosseco rcpitsa ldpecrofni exris
ppb (approx. 0.3 to 2,900 m/g 3enery t,ssrosseco repse hmto ryfa wraehtr asfeitinumm on.cI)
F
was detected at a concentration range of 0.4-5.6 ppb (approx. 2-24 m/g 3 fyoev r nu.aIs)
F
s'A P.ES .e Uhnstielpm a7s1 1s6edulc ntia h4t9 9nd1ietrop eart agdnirotinom National Ambient
Volatile Organic Compound Database nsielpm aes h nteinery t fsnooitartnecn oecgare vea h,t
m / 6g s.µda0ewtce t seeadnwer yhtcsihw 3enery t,ssae rdaetull oyplhg i nhtipec x,elaren e ng.I
n md as o/e1hsetgttebµc l e nrrpeaioxbcaoe d stnnuiooitartnecnoc 3na ee mh,tr iraood nn.iI
r e1 h(otgt mai6 /hhdg weµo ettem cbosn esnaepocbxietartnecnoc 3etubirt n nogacncik o.m)S
3
dlohesu oghniniatnoc-enery tesm omso refnery t fsgonissag-f f.Oslev erl iraood n oiytltnacifingis
.)6 9,9B1D SsHl(e vrreio lao edotntuibirt no osysclatamcudorp
2.3 Review of Existing Air Quality Regulations
er aeneryt sro fsenilediu gytilau qri agninrecno cnoitamrofn if oseirammu scificeps-ycnegA
.e1lb a nTdietnese r spyiramm ufsei r.Abtrop esri h ftxoidnep peA h ntdietneserp
tfno iroupoh-f l ea.hhrTu odndeoo s eaerbnaer y rtsosefniled iouigra ttnnOer reuhcT
00 4s itimi ltnemegnipmi m/g 0 0 s4tiim inloitartn3ecn oyCtila urQ itAneib mrAuoh- 4e2 hetli h,w
F
m/g 3 de0nr1aeh p ssfno oom1ittaid ngon ci.s)Ua4 9,9E 1E;O5 M7,9s1irr aH( C, 1.0 m/g 3 =
F E F
ne0ew tseebrutare p dmne eosstarbot cnaofisrev nesosecuicn esguaoi r. ab3Vp2p2.0 d nCa
E
25 hcih wgnidnepe d,ylthgil syra vya mseicneg atnereffi dy btu odeirra cstin uf onoisrevno C.C
E
.yolp moneteso hecv ayhe hetrutarepmet
3.0 Development of an Ambient Air Quality Criterion for Ontario
3.1 Discussion of Regulatory Approaches for Styrene
erusop xmeret-gn orl osftim ielrusop xeelbatpec cda nsadradna trs itaneib m fatonempolev eedhT
,stce flfaecigolor uefeconnadi o evdnhaeot seasb o )h:its(ehcaor p opdnwaeot sesaniber yotts
e hdt nmaets yssuovr elnartn eec h otytruj n fieocnadio vda n,atnempolev e ndsotcef fgenidulcni
ecneref n nidoesa bg(n udl nraev iel h ntriecn a fceocnadio vea h ntdoes aebso h)ti id( n;arevil
. yletarap edsenima x eelbl iswehcaorp poa wet h.T)seidu tlsami nmaorf
3.1.1 Regulatory Approaches for Styrene Based on Carcinogenicity
nam uehlbiss o sapraecn a nChocraes erR oyfcne glAanoitanret neI h ytdbeifissa l sceinerytS
lamin an iecnediv edetimi ldn aseidut sygoloimedip en iecnediv eetauqedan if oesuace bnegonicrac
nam uehlbab o sreaapnery tsseziretcara hscttesuhcass afhMotlaewnomm oe Ch.Tseiduts
01* 7ef.uo5 lka svti ir endhuettp oyd ea.hnTegonicrac -7 m/gµ(/ sruomut 3 . S e.dyhUebtpole v)ed
fhotlaewnomm oydCbet is,ca78 9,1A P.ES. Us(t anyridu tnsoitalah n nnidaoes aAbPE
tnemsses skas icrinegonic r saaecdivo rdpeweiv enroitcidsir urjeh to.oN))099 1s(ttesuhcassaM
ht i,w000, 0 fk0n1os 1iilranoitid dnsaatneserp eertamit ssettesuhcass ae Mh.Tenery trsof
0 t2earusop xeemitefil m/g 3 d0n0 a 0t1,a 0 n02i0,1 m/g 3 .
F F
4
.e1lbaT senilediu Gytilau Qri Agnitsix Ef oyrammuS 1 ener y rtoSf
Agency, Date2 Guideline(s) Comments
)SI RA.IPS(E.U no ambient air exposure limits available
1991
1000 g/m 3 (reference concentration) n oo driteeotbsfaurtne cenconCerefeR
F
evaluating non-cancer risk only
California 700 g/m 3 )le veerluso pexcenerefer( ot eb desru eg cnrnioatfca-unloanve
F
1992 risk
Draft proposal in October, 1997:
1000 g/m 3 )le veerluso pexcenerefer( stcef fmeets yssuovren
F

OHW 70 g/m 3 (30-minute average) d ln oordhiuestosecdareobhttendo
F
1987 ecna yrounondao
Newly proposed guideline , 1997: tce ttosrnlpia ac-gioagrouleonhcysp
260 g/m 3 )egare vyalkeew( stceffe ni snamuh dnalatnempoleved
F
dneivre ssbtoce flfaecigoloruen
animals
Netherlands 8 g/m 3 (target value) based on risk assessment in Dutch
F
1987
420,000 g/m 3 mumixaeml(batpecca
F
concentration)
nedewS 3 34 ot 034 g/m 3 (long-term average)
F
1993
kr owYeN 51,000 g/m 3 (1-hour average) e rgduaeorshea-vbneaono
F
1990 occupational limits;
510 g/m 3 (annual average) annual average based on occupational
F
erusopxestimil
sttesuhcassaM 002m/gµ 3 (24-hour ceiling limit) ru oehg-a4r 2edveasabla nnooitapucco
1990 exposure limits;
2m/gµ 3 (allowable ambient limit) 1*10 6- additional cancer risk
desab no a tinu ksir fo01*7.5 7-
tumours/(µg/m 3)
Health Canada 59m/gµ 3 (Tolerable Concentration) e mreiert vueaos fosipulxoeunitnoc
1996 stce fsfueoirete lteudohtiw
Ontario (current) 400 g/m 3 (1/2-hour point of point of impingement limiting effect
F
1975 impingement limit) tgd cn nheiCdatftQeofiAsbemAaibl
r unoodo
400 g/m 3 (24-hour limit)
F
1. ecnerefer desab-recnac-non dna ,seicnetop recnac no desab snoitartnecnoc cificeps-ksir ,senilediug :ot refer nac elbat siht ni senilediuG
.snoitartnecnoc
2. eht erew secruoS .deussi saw evitaitini evitalsigel lanigiro ro troper dnuorgkcab enilediug desab-htlaeh eht nehw ot srefer ereh etaD
.stnemucod ycnega evitcepser
3. .enicideM latnemnorivnE fo etutitsnI hsidewS eht yb desoporP
5
3.1.2 Regulatory Approaches for Styrene Based on a Non-Carcinogenic Endpoint
stdn reoav tdelnraapntosita prduiecepchoo t l)) e 1 1HvHd8e9SeIn9h9OdGa1T1IC((NA
snoitcidsir uejm o ns.Ismets yssuovr elnarehpir edp nlaartn eec h ntsotcef feesrevda
dne o sstaaib wmmirlet- t,r )oa1h 9s,9k 1 rw;oe0Y N9,9s1ttesuhca s hsftaolMaewnommoC(
ndoes aobs lseainiledi umgret-gn oe lh,tkr ow Yen.NIsdradna tesse hmto rnfoitalopartxe
eshrtedis nyolctce rsiddoh teesm erfheotht i.edNradn altasnoitapu c ecmho otnrofitalopartxe
nosirapm o nceilbati usss edleredisn o ecdbluo hdsetamit sseeul adv n,aat aldacigolocix oetlbaliava
.wo ldeebssuc ssiedhcaor pdpeasab-yticinegonicrac- nroen h etohott
-s sdn oeoar sc,anboitala h rn)oiCf fnRo(itartnec neocCner ed feaetRaluc l Aa.Pc SEe.hUT
it tdyuebMtro pyedr ultasnoitces et allacigolohcysp-oru ee nhdtenima xseroht uease h.T)489 1.(
noitaiv eddradnat sr(a e6 y.s 8aewrusop xeenery tfnsooitar unda eemso hswrekr o0nnw5ioitcnuf
s n doe eir ds t usnsyeassa oe b nrrowfpso.eetop oss t) hrnhxoea5srtyetetr.ritcur4aaSnaoeocyc
mo rdfetamit seer eswnoitartnecn oecse h.Terusop xyeli and a sema amp0p03- 0m1o rgfnignar
d n)aA Md(i ccailedn a,menery t fssoetilobat eymrani rluapicni rep h ftnooitamm uesht
sliev eeltilobat eymrani reu h,tA P.ES .eU h otgtnidroc c.A)AG Pd(i ccailyxoylglynehp
d n,a)38 9,1O H;W68 9,1HIGC Ae(rusop xeenery tfrsootacid nliacigolo ieblbai l deaerredisnoc
eht—ydu tssi h ntdie sduoht ecmifice pes htta hytlevitcell odcenimret eedv asheirotarob allareves
d nealbail etrs oem hsti—eni rguninrom-tx e nndietcell oscetilobat elmapicni rep h ftnooitammus
nimelli u,G.g. es(noitartnecn oecrusop xr eilaaut cfeaovitatneserper et al ,. .)2891 srekroWhtiw
lev esli h.Tstcef ftenacifing i osenv a ohdteraep psaelo m0m 5 o 1p tfusonoitartnecn oectilobatem
yd ue,t hAs.t P SgeEo.nhtUitdro c.cyAd u s tLinsEh i AtAe.sO Ph SaNneEty.ehbUst oshacw
eruso pyxle iraudo h n-do a8etaedmnopser rsoectiloba tyerman ilfreou vse ilth atdhett astrsohtua
m /6g 0 mmo15pt(2p 3ecnedifn o% c5r9ew oe lhodttetsuj ds aaLwEA OsNi h.Tr ineainery tf)so
nimelliu Gn iata dgnis u,timil et alm /nf4goo9misser ptxneelavi udonqetaetrev n do)nc2a8 9.1( 3 .
ruoh -d 8nkae er wes py fsa5oedrusop xleanoitap umc o crdofetsuj ds aaewrusop xfleoev eslihT
ed g or aeioerrrfheuetv spasoupoxuen isr t durn t ooeoyce,ihpca e ryr-dolauae4tfsdp2eo-rp7xe
m/ g 4fmL3oEA OdNetsuj dsai h.Tnosrep 3 teavir r o 0aftr3ootc ayftniatrec n nyudabediv is daw
m/ g f1mnooitartnecn oeccneref enroitalah nnia 3 .
cix omto rnfoitceto rneponiledi urgie hdtes a)b78 9,1OH Wn(oitazinag rhOtla edHlr oeWhT
desaercn in a;senarbme msucu mf onoitatirr i;noitcnufsy dSN Cgnidulcn i,snamu hn istceffe
yrotarips errew o;l)ssendedaehthgi ls(motpm ycsitocran- e hracp u,sstcef feem ofysocneuqerf
-amma gs(egna hccilobat edmetave ld en)atse hfscosenthg i,tgnizee h,whguo cs(motpm ytscart
m/ g 4fmn8ooitartnec n .oA)cseitivit cTaG 3 t.Alevel-stceffe-devresbo-tsew oe lhdteredisn os caw
yrreh Cd(evres beor eswrekr o nwsiem intoitca eerlpm irsewo l,slev esliht et al., 1980, 1981). A
dseaziretcar ast haaecwhs ta ebfsa outaa acddeebi l rps0fopa0ot aw1c)ayftef anso(itcetorp
sdaeziretcara hocs l,aerusop xneoitalah nmiret-gn ofslotcef fceix oe t hnatot andd on,adetimil
m / 0gw0µo8 lte abdhett a)t7s8 9 O1.H(dWetimil 3htla eehsrev d,a)sru o4eh2m igtnigarev a(
y e.hr Tu ycolcte o kteeiornlnae r )yorttoso ddrnnoiaodt ueor(uso plxaetnemnor i svftnoceeffe
m/ g 0µ f7loev edllohser hrtuo d no nadoes a ebdblu oecniledi uygtila urq i nataa hdtedulcnoc 3 sa
.egare veatunim- 0a3
6