Rarefied Gas Dynamics

509 Pages·1974·13.071 MB·English

by  K. Karamcheti (Eds.)

ACADEMIC PRESS RAPID MANUSCRIPT REPRODUCTION
EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM
RAREFIED
GAS DYNAMICS
Presented at
STANFORD UNIVERSITY, JULY 1972
Symposium Chairman
K. KARAMCHETI
Advisory Committee
H. ALLEN A. GESSOW L. L SEDOV
J. J. BERNARD G. GOODWIN J. J. SMOLDEREN
C. BRUNDIN H GRAD V. V. STRUMINSKY
C. CERCIGNANI W. GRIFFITH L. TALBOT
M. COOPER H MARK P. THURSTON
R. COOPER E. P. MUNTZ L. TRILLING
D. DINI H W. LIEPMANN L. WALDMANN
W. FISZDON M. ROGERS
Organizing Committee
D. BAGANOFF M. KOGAN M. L. RASMUSSEN
D. BERSHADER S. P. KOUTSOYANNIS K ROESNER
R. CAPIAUX C. KRUGER M. W. RUBE SIN
L. DAWSON J. H. deLEEUW L. H SENTMAN
R. S. DEVOTO S. C. McINTOSH, Jr. V. P. SHIDLOVSKY
J. FERZIGER K. S. NAGARAJA G. T. SKINNER
C. F. HANSEN H. T. NAGAMATSU C. SMITH
R. HERCZYNSKI J. L. POTTER P. STURROCK
R. KADLEC R. R. REMMEL J. VOEVODSKY
Under the Sponsorship of
the Office of Naval Research (U.S. Navy)
the Office of Scientific Research (U.S. Air Force)
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
the National Science Foundation
CP>
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. New York · London 1974
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PREFACE
The biennial International Symposia on Rarefied Gas Dynamics
were initiated in 1958. The First Symposium was held in Nice, and
has been followed by the Symposia at Berkeley in 1960, Paris in
1962, Toronto in 1964, Oxford in 1966, Cambridge (USA) in 1968,
Pisa in 1970, and finally Stanford in 1972.
Proceedings of the Symposia have been published and have been
known to serve as records of the significant advances in the broad
field of Rarefied Gas Dynamics, and thus as reference texts to stu-
dents and researchers in that field. It is hoped that this volume, which
represents the Eighth International Symposium will fulfill a similar
role.
The technical program of the Eighth International Symposium
consisted of the Sydney Chapman Memorial Lecture by Professor
G. E. Uhlenbeck, eight invited general lectures on different basic
aspects of rarefied gas dynamics, and about one hundred and forty
contributed papers. It is highly regrettable that, in spite of the general
excellence of the contributed papers, it has been impossible, for prac-
tical reasons, to include all the papers in this volume. It is, therefore,
limited to include the invited papers and some of the significant con-
tributed papers that were actually presented at the Symposium, and
considered to be of general and continuing interest. Detailed abstracts
of all the papers included in the Symposium program are available in
the books of abstracts (Eighth International Symposium on Rarefied
Gas Dynamics, Vol. I AFOSR-TR-72-1276, Vol. II AFOSR-TR-72-
1277).
The contents of this volume are arranged under ten main topics.
In the different topics, where applicable, the invited papers lead the
contributed ones.
I am greatly indebted to Professors I. D. Chang, J. Ferziger,
C. F. Hansen and E. P. Muntz, and to Drs. M. Rubesin and S. P.
XI
PREFACE
Koutsoyannis, who were the members of the Technical Committee
of the Symposium for their generous help in selecting the papers.
My special thanks are due to Mrs. Viviana Fantino for her untiring
efforts in the preparation of this volume. Thanks are also due to
Miss Andrea Dinsmore for help with this volume.
On behalf of the scientific community I would like to take this
opportunity to express our deep appreciation and gratitude to the
Air Force Office of Scientific Research, the National Aeronautics and
Space Administration, and the Office of Naval Research whose inter-
est and whose financial support have been instrumental in the initia-
tion and the continuation of intense research in the field of Rarefied
Gas Dynamics as well as of the International Symposia in this field.
The National Science Foundation participated in the Eighth Interna-
tional Symposium and our sincere thanks go to them also.
Finally, I wish to express my appreciation to Academic Press
for their understanding and cooperation in bringing out this volume.
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
J. A. Armstrong, Gas Dynamics Lab., The Technology Institute,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201
D. Baganoff, Dept. of Aero and Astro, Stanford University, Stanford,
California 94305
M. Becker, Dept. of Engineering, Fluid Mechanics Division, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720
J. P. Berthier, Institut dOptique, Laboratoire de Physique des Sur-
faces, 3 Boulevard Pasteur, Paris, France
L. Biolsi, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla,
Missouri 65401
G. A. Bird, Dept. of Aeronautics, University of Sydney, Sydney
N. S. W. 2006 Australia
U. Bossel, DFVLR-AVA, 3400 Goettingen, Germany, Bundenstrasse
10
Biitefisch, K. A., DFVLR-AVA, 3400 Goettingen, W. Germany,
Bundenstrasse 10
R. Cattolica, 6102 Etcheverry Hall, University of California, Berkeley,
California 94720
C. Cercignani, Applicazioni e Ricerche Scientifiche, Via G. Modena
37, 20129 Milano, Italy
T. E. Chamberlain, TRW, Inc., 1 Space Park, Redondo Beach,
California 90177
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
J. W. CipoUa, Jr., Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Northeastern
University (18FR), Boston, Massachusetts 02115
A. Constans, Institut d'Optique, Laboratoire de Physique des Surfaces,
3, Blvd Pasteur, Paris, France
J. S. Dahler, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
B. E. Dahneke, Dept. of Radiation Biology and Biophysics, School of
Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Rochester, Rochester,
New York 14642
G. Daury, Institut d'Optique, Laboratoire de Physique des Surfaces,
3, Boulevard Pasteur, Paris, France
R. David, Max Planck Institut für Stroemungsforschung, 34 Goet-
tingen, Germany, Boettingerstrasse 6/8
F. De Geyter, von Kärman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-
Saint-Genäse, Belgium
G. S. Deiwert, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Cali-
fornia 94035
J. H. deLeeuw, Institute for Aerospace Studies, 4925 Duff er in Street,
University of Toronto, Downsview, Ontario, Canada
J. Doming, 204 Nuclear Engineering Lab., University of Illinois,
Urbana, Illinois 61801
M. Dryer, Space Environment Lab., NOAA-ERL, Boulder, Colorado
80302
M. Faubel, Max Planck Institut für Stroemungsforschung, 34 Goet-
tingen, Germany, Boettingerstrasse 6/8
J. H. Ferziger, Mechanical Engineering Dept., Stanford University,
Stanford, California 94305
H. Flachsbart, Institut für Aerobiologie, 5949 Grafschaft, Germany
J. R. Flood, Coordinated Science Lab., University of Illinois, Urbana,
Illinois 61801
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LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
T. S. Fu, Teledyne, Brown Engineering Company, Huntsville, Alabama
53807
D. Golomb, Chemical Physics Branch, Aeronomy Laboratory, Law-
rence G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
R.E. Good, AFCRL (LCK), L. G. Hanscom Field, Bedford, Massachu-
setts 01730
H. Grad, Magneto-Fluid Dynamics Div., Courant Institute of Math.
Sei., New York University, New York, NY 10012
J. Gspann, Kernsorschungszentrum, Postfach 3640, 75 Karlsruhe,
Germany
C. F. Hansen, NASA-Arnes Research Center, Moffett Field, California
94035
R. K. Hanson, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University,
Stanford, California 94305
H. Hoinkes, Physikalisches Institut I der, Universität Erlangen-
Nürnberg, 8520 Erlangen, Germany, Erwin-Rommel Strasse 1
H. B. Hollinger, Dept. of Chemistry, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute,
Troy, New York 12181
A. G. Keel, Jr., Naval Ordance Lab., Appl. Aerodyn Div., White Oak,
Silver Spring, Maryland 20910
K. Kienappel, DFVLR-Aerodynamische, Versuchsanstalt, Goettingen
34, W. Germany, Bunsenstrasse 10
E. L. Knuth, Molecular Beam Laboratory, University of California,
Los Angeles, California 90024
G. Koppenwallner, DFVLR-Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt, 34
Goettingen, W. Germany, Bunsenstrasse 10
K. Koura, National Aerospace Laboratory, 1880 Jindaiji-Machi Chof u,
Tokyo,Japan
I. Kuscer, Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana,
Yugoslavia
xv
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
M. Lampis, Associazione Ricerche Scientif iche S. p. A., Via G. Modena
37, 20129 Milano, Italy
H. Lang, Max Planck Institut für Stromungsforschung, 3400 Goet-
tingen, W. Germany, Bottingerstrasse 618
H. Legge, DFVLR-Aerodynamische, Versuchsanstalt, Goettingen 34,
W. Germany, Bunsenstrasse 10
R. G. Lord, Dept. of Engineering Science, Parks Rd., Oxford Univer-
sity, Oxford, England
P. Lostis, Surface Physics Laboratory, 3 Blvd Pasteur, Paris, France
S. K. Loyalka, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, University of Missouri,
Columbia, Missouri 65201
R. J. Madix, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University,
Stanford, California 94305
N. J. McCormick, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
G. E. McMichael, Atomic Energy of Canada, Ltd., Chalk River, Ont.,
Canada
F. J. Monig, Institut für Aerobiologie, 5949 Grafschaft, Germany
J. Mozina, Department of Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana,
Yugoslavia
H. Nähr, Physikalisches Institut I der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg,
8520 Erlangen, Germany, Erwin-Rommel Strasse 1
M. Nathenson, Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025
W. Ng, University of Illinois, Coordinated Science Lab., Urbana,
Illinois 61801
R. W. Nicholls, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Downsview, 463,
Ont., Canada
B. Nikolaenko, Department of Mathematics, New Yorlö University,
University Heights, NY 10452
D. Offermann, Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn,
Germany
xvi
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
D. R. O'Keefe, Gulf Radiation Technology, P. 0. Box 608, San Diego,
California 92112
Y. Orechwa, 204 Nuclear Engineering Lab., University of Illinois,
Urbana, Illinois 61801
R. L. Palmer, Gulf Radiation Technology, P. O. Box 608, San Diego,
California 94720
W. E. Pearson, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California
94035
I. Prigogine, Dept. of Physical Chemistry and Theoretical Physics,
Universite Libre, Brussels, Belgium
Rizzi, A. W., Computational Fluid Dynamics Branch, NASA—Ames
Research Center, Moffett Field, California994035
F. Robben, Mechanical Engineering Dept., University of California,
Berkeley, California 94720
W. E. Rodgers, Energy Kinetics Dept., School of Engineering and
Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California
90024
G. Sandri, Aeronautical Research Associates of Princeton Inc., 50
Washington Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
W. C. Schieve, Center for Statistical Mechanics and Thermodynamics,
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78731
N. Schwarzer, Institut für Aerobiologie, 5949 Grafschaft, Germany
G. Schweiger, DFVLR Institut für Amgewandte Gasdynamik, 505
Porz-Wahn, W. Germany
P. K. Sharma, Energy Kinetics Dept., School of Engineering and
Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California
90024
J. G. Sierchio, Gas Dynamics Laboratory, James Forrestal Campus,
Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
J. N. Smith, Jr., Gulf Radiation Technology, P. O. Box 608, San
Diego, California 92112
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