Radial Flow Turbocompressors: Design, Analysis, and Applications

790 Pages·2021·27.394 MB·English

by  Michael Casey, Chris Robinson

Radial Flow Turbocompressors
An introductiontothetheoryandengineering practice that underpinsthecomponent
design and analysis of radial flow turbocompressors. Drawing upon an extensive
theoretical background and years of practical experience, the authors provide the
following:
(cid:1) Descriptions of applications,concepts, component design, analysis tools,
performancemaps,flowstabilityandstructuralintegrity,withnumerousillustrative
examples
(cid:1) Widecoverageofalltypesofradialcompressoroverarangeofapplicationsunified
by theconsistent use ofdimensional analysis
(cid:1) Themethodsneededtoanalysetheperformance,flowandmechanicalintegritythat
underpin thedesignof efficient centrifugalcompressors with goodflow range and
stability
(cid:1) Explanation of the design of all radial compressor components, including inlet
guide vanes, impellers, diffusers,volutes, return channels,deswirl vanes and side-
streams
Thisvolumeissuitableasareferenceforadvancedstudentsofturbomachinery,anda
perfecttoolforpractisingmechanicalandaerospaceengineersalreadywithinthefield
as well as those just enteringit.
MichaelCaseyisadirectorofPCAEngineersLimited,andwaspreviouslyaProfessor
of Thermal Turbomachinery attheUniversity ofStuttgart.
ChrisRobinsonismanagingdirectoratPCAEngineersLimitedandaspecialistinthe
aeromechanical designof centrifugal compressors.

Radial Flow Turbocompressors
Design, Analysis, and Applications
MICHAEL CASEY
PCAEngineersLimited
CHRIS ROBINSON
PCAEngineersLimited
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Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108416672
DOI:10.1017/9781108241663
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Firstpublished2021
PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJBooksLimited,PadstowCornwall
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Names:Casey,Michael,1948-author.|Robinson,Chris,1959-author.
Title:Radialflowturbocompressors:design,analysis,andapplications/MichaelCasey,PCAEngineers
Limited,ChrisRobinson,PCAEngineersLimited.
Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY,USA:CambridgeUniversityPress,
2021.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2020046835(print)|LCCN2020046836(ebook)|ISBN9781108416672(hardback)|
ISBN9781108241663(epub)
Subjects:LCSH:Centrifugalcompressors.
Classification:LCCTJ990.C3662021(print)|LCCTJ990(ebook)|DDC621.5/1–dc23
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Thefirstauthorgratefullydedicateshispartinthisbooktohisparents,JeanandEric
Casey,whomadeitallpossiblebytheirstrugglesandsacrificesinthehardtimesof
the1950sand1960sandfortheirendearingloveandencouragementoverthewhole
of their lives.

Contents
Credits page xii
Introduction xiii
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Conventions andNomenclature xxi
1 Introduction toRadial FlowTurbocompressors 1
1.1 Overview 1
1.2 Definition ofTurbomachinery 2
1.3 Classification of Turbomachines 9
1.4 Short History of Thermal Turbomachines 14
1.5 Components ofRadial Flow Turbocompressors 15
1.6 Applicationsof Centrifugal Turbocompressors 24
1.7 Some Other Publications 40
2 Energy Transfer 44
2.1 Overview 44
2.2 The Euler Turbine Equation 45
2.3 The First Law of Thermodynamics 55
2.4 The Steady Flow EnergyEquation 61
2.5 The SecondLaw of Thermodynamics 66
2.6 EnergyTransfer inRadial Turbocompressors 69
2.7 DifferentIdeal Compression Processes 74
2.8 The AerodynamicWork 81
2.9 The Compressor Stage as theSumof Its Components 85
3 Equationsof State 87
3.1 Overview 87
3.2 Equations ofState for Perfect Fluids 88
3.3 Equations ofState for RealGases 92
3.4 The Aungier–Redlich–KwongCubicEquation of State 99
3.5 Isentropic and Polytropic ProcesseswithReal Gases 101
3.6 The AerodynamicWork with RealGases 103
vii
viii Contents
4 EfficiencyDefinitions for Compressors 106
4.1 Overview 106
4.2 Compressor Efficiency 107
4.3 Isentropic Efficiency 111
4.4 Polytropic Efficiency 118
4.5 The Impeller Wheel Efficiency 129
4.6 External Losses and Sideloads 130
4.7 Efficiency in Diabatic Processes 130
4.8 Efficiency Definitions for RealGases 134
5 Fluid Mechanics 135
5.1 Overview 135
5.2 The Laws ofFluid Mechanics 136
5.3 Pressure Gradientsin Fluid Flows 142
5.4 Coriolisand Centrifugal Forces inImpellers 148
5.5 Boundary Layers and End-Wall Flows 155
5.6 SecondaryFlows 171
5.7 Tip Clearance Flows 176
5.8 Jet-WakeFlow inImpellers 180
6 Gas Dynamics 191
6.1 Overview 191
6.2 Gas Dynamics of Ideal Gases 191
6.3 Shock and Expansion Waves 199
6.4 Shock Structurein TransonicCompressors 203
6.5 Gas Dynamics of Real Gases 206
7 AerodynamicLoading 210
7.1 Overview 210
7.2 Isolated Aerofoils 211
7.3 Profiles inCascade 219
7.4 Diffusers 226
7.5 Blade LoadingParameters 236
8 Similarity 247
8.1 Overview 247
8.2 Similarity of Fluid Flows 248
8.3 GeometricSimilarity 252
8.4 Fluid DynamicSimilarity 253
8.5 ThermodynamicSimilarity 261
8.6 Applicationsof Similarity Parameters 265
8.7 Performance Corrections for Deviation from Similarity 278