Questions of Trust - University of Pennsylvania

36 Pages·2012·0.53 MB·English

Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Questions of Trust
JasonQuinley,ChristopherAhern
UniversityofTu¨bingen,UniversityofPennsylvania
August13,2012
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Goals
Explainexistenceofpolitelinguisticbehaviorinvariouscontexts.
Whatarepolitelinguisticexpressions?
Whydoweusepoliteexpressions?
Whendoweusepoliteexpressions?
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Talk Outline
1 Introduction
2 PolitenessTheory
3 GameTheory
4 TrustandModals
5 Conclusion
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Consider the following...
Questions
Will/Wouldyoulendmeadollar?
Will/Wouldyouopenthedoor?
Will/Wouldyouturnthatmusicdown?
Will/Wouldyoumarryme?
Answers
Would seemsmoreappropriateforthefirstthree,whereaswilla isbetterin
thelast.
aDoyouwanttowillalwayssufficehere.
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Why be polite?
Scarcity
Resourcesarelimited,liferequirescooperation.
Ambiguity
Informationregardingtheintentionsofotherisnotalwaysabundant.
Politeness
Offersastrategicsolutionforthesetwoproblemsandincreasingtherangeof
interactionsbetweenindividualswithother-regardingpreferences.
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
What politeness gets us
Humor(/Cruelty)
A:Wouldyoumarryme?
B:Iwouldifyouwererich/handsome/x!
(A:WellIwasjustaskinghypothetically.)
Wecommitourselvestoactionsbyourwords. Thewaysinwhichthisplays
outrevealstheunderlyingstructureofthegamesbeingplayed.
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Crucial points from politeness theory
Face
Face-threateningacts(FTAs)
StrategichandlingofFTAs
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Face
What is face? Autonomy and Affiliation
BrownandLevinson(1978)
Face(Goffman,1982)consistsofanindividual’sbasicneeds:
Negativeface: thebasicclaimtoterritories,personalpreserves,rightto
non-distraction,i.e. freedomofactionandfreedomfromimposition.
Positiveface: thepositiveconsistentself-imageor’personality’
(includingtheapprovalbyothersofthisself-image)claimedby
interactants.
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Face-threateningacts
Face-threatening acts
Whensituationscallforit...
Speakersmustcommitaface-threateningact(FTA).Inordertomitigatethe
weightofaFTA,speakersmayuseseveralstrategies.
Don’tRedress
OnRecord PositivePoliteness
DoFTA Redress
Intention OffRecord NegativePoliteness
Don’tdoFTA
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Introduction PolitenessTheory GameTheory TrustandModals Conclusion
Crucial points from game theory
SequentialGames
Cooperationvs. Coordination
Preferencesvs. Payoffs
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