Quantum Gravity, Generalized Theory of Gravitation, and Superstring Theory-based Unification

253 Pages·2002·1.909 MB·English

by  Kursunoglu B., Mintz S.L., Perlmutter A. (eds.)

Quantum Gravity, Generalized
Theory of Gravitation, and
SuperstringTheory-Based
Unification
This page intentionally left blank.
Quantum Gravity, Generalized
Theory of Gravitation, and
Superstring Theory-Based
Unification
Editedby
Behram N. Kursunoglu
GlobalFoundation Inc
Coral Gables, Florida
Stephan L. Mintz
FlorirdaInternationalUniversity
Miami, Florida
and
Arnold Perlmutter
UniversityofMiami
CoralGables.Florida
Kluwer Academic Publishers
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
eBookISBN: 0-306-47104-3
Print ISBN: 0-306-46485-3
©2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers
New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow
All rights reserved
No part of this eBook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written consent from the Publisher
Created in the United States of America
Visit Kluwer Online at: http://www.kluweronline.com
and Kluwer's eBookstore at: http://www.ebooks.kluweronline.com
PREFACE
“Orbis Scientiae 1999” constitutes the 28th conference on High Energy Physics
and Cosmology that were begun in 1964. It has now become an institution by itself
under the aegis of which the physicists convene annually in South Florida. It created a
Belle Époque in Coral Gables. The series of Orbis Scientiae started with the participants
of highest distinction in physics of the 20th Century. After its first two decades the
conferences have been placed in the hands of younger and promising physicists.
The 1999 meeting was the last conference of the millennium. The topics that
were covered did not give the impression of laying the foundations of great
advancements in theoretical physics. Work on such concepts as strings or super strings,
isbeingactivelypursued. Itisofcourse true thatrevolutionsinphysicsarenotfrequent.
Findingtheneutrinomassivenesswasquiteexcitingbutdidnotprovideenoughbasisfor
further progress in the field of neutrino physics.
Recent efforts with regard to extensive studies, gamma ray bursts do manifest
themselves as exceptionally important events. There are many papers in the literature
studying theoretical implications of the energy dependence of the gamma rays. In this
field one of us (Kursunoglu) had published a paper in the Physical Review in 1975. Our
firstconferencein2000orratheritsOrbisScientiaewillcertainlycontainsometopicson
this matter.
It is quite conceivable that inthe Big Bang creation ofthe Universe, very high-
energy dependent gamma rays must have played an important role especially causing
very fast initial expansion of the early Universe. This may well have been the
mechanism for the existence of the so-called inflationary behavior of the process of
creation. We are looking forward to the Orbis Scientiae 2000 to include in its program
this subject matter.
The Chairman and Trustees of the Global Foundation, Inc. wish to gratefully
acknowledge the generous support of this conference by Lady Blanka Rosenstiel,
Founder and President ofthe American Institute ofPolish Culture, Chopin Foundation
andHonorary Consul of the Republic ofPoland inMiami, andto Dr. andMrs. Edward
Bacinich of Palm Beach, Florida
Behram N. Kursunoglu
Stephan L. Mintz
Arnold Perlmutter
Coral Gables, Florida
V
About the Global Foundation, Inc.
TheGlobalFoundation,Inc.,whichwasestablishedin 1977,utilizestheworld's
most important resource... people. The Foundation consists of distinguished men and
women of science and learning, and of outstanding achievers and entrepreneurs from
industry, governments, and international organizations, along with promising and
enthusiastic young people. These people convene to form a unique and distinguished
interdisciplinaryentitytoaddressglobalissuesrequiringglobalsolutionsandtoworkon
thefrontierproblemsofscience.
Global Foundation Board of Trustees
BehramN.Kursunoglu,GlobalFoundation,Inc.,Chairmanof theBoard,CoralGables.
M.JeanCouture, FormerSecretaryof Energyof France,Paris
ManfredEigen*,Max-Planck-Institut,Göttingen
WillisE.Lamb*,Jr.,UniversityofArizona
LouisNéeI*,Université de Gronoble, France
RichardWilson,HarvardUniversity
Henry King Stanford, President Emeritus, Universities of Miami and Georgia
Former Trustees
RobertHerman,Universityof Texas
RobertHofstadter*,StanfordUniversity
WalterC.Marshall,LordMarshallofGoring
FrederickReines*,Irvine,California
AbdusSalam*,Trieste,Italy
GlennT.Seaborg*, Berkeley, California
Eugene P. Wigner*, Princeton University
Lord Solly Zuckerman, London
*Nobel Laureate
vi
GLOBALFOUNDATION'SRECENTCONFERENCEPROCEEDINGS
MakingtheMarketRightfortheEfficientUseofEnergy
Editedby:BehramN.Kursunoglu
NovaSciencePublishers,Inc.,NewYork, 1992
UnifiedSymmetryintheSmallandintheLarge
Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,andArnoldPerlmutter
NovaSciencePublishers,Inc.,NewYork, 1993
UnifiedSymmetryintheSmallandintheLarge-1
Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz, andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress, 1994
UnifiedSymmetryintheSmallandintheLarge-2
Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress, 1995
GlobalEnergyDemandinTransition:TheNewRoleof Electricity
Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress,1996
EconomicsandPoliticsofEnergy
Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress, 1996
NeutrinoMass,DarkMatter,Gravitational Waves,CondensationofAtoms
andMonopoles,LightConeQuantization
Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress,1996
TechnologyfortheGlobalEconomic,Environmental Survival and
Prosperity
Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress,1997
25thCoralGablesConferenceonHighEnergyPhysicsandCosmology
vii
Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu,StephenMintz, andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress, 1997
EnvironmentandNuclearEnergy
Editedby: BehramN.Kursunoglu, StephanMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress, 1998
PhysicsofMass
Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu, StephanMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress, 1999
PreparingtheGroundforRenewalof Nuclear Power
Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,StephanMintz, andAmoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress,1999
ConfluenceofCosmology,MassiveNeutrinos,ElementaryParticles &
Gravitation
Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,StephanMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress, 1999
InternationalEnergyForum 1999
Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,StephanMintzandArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress,2000
InternationalConferenceonOrbisScientiae 1999
QuantumGravity, GeneralizedTheoryofGravitation and Superstring
Theory-basedUnification
Editedby: BehramN. Kursunoglu,StephanMintz,andArnoldPerlmutter
PlenumPress,2000
viii
(cid:127)
Gl bal Foundation, Inc.
A Nonprofit OrganizationforGlobalIssues Requiring GlobalSolutions,
and for problems on the Frontiers of Science
Center for Theoretical Studies
MILLENNIUM’S LAST
INTERNATIONALCONFERENCE
ON
ORBISSCIENTIAE1999
QUANTUMGRAVITY,GENERALIZEDTHEORYOFGRAVITATION
ANDSUPERSTRINGTHEORY-BASEDUNlFlCATlON
(28thConferenceonHighEnergyPhysics
andCosmologySince1964)
December16-19, 1999
LagoMarResort
FortLauderdale,Florida
This conference is supported in part by
National Science Foundation
Alpha Omega Research Foundation
Lady Blanka Rosenstiel
Sponsoredby: ConferenceHotel:
GlobalFoundationInc. LagoMarResort
P. O. Box249055 1700SouthOceanLane
CoralGables,Florida33124-9055 FortLauderdale.Florida33316
Phone:[phone] Reservations: 1-800-255-5246
Fax: [phone] [phone]
-Email: [e-mail] Fax: [phone]
Web:http://www.gate.net/~kursungf Thespecialgrouprate: $120/night
One-bedroomsuitew/Oceanview
IX