Quantum Electrodynamics and Quantum Optics

466 Pages·1984·14.86 MB·English

by  G. S. Agarwal (auth.)

Quantum Electrodynamics
and Quantum Optics
NATO ASI Series
Advanced Science Institutes Series
A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee,
which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge,
with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities.
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and Physical Sciences Fordrecht Boston, and Lancaster
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Recent Volumes in this Series
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Ionic Crystals
edited by J. T. Devreese and F. Peeters
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edited by Allen M. Goldman and Stuart A. Wolf
Volume 110-Quantum Electrodynamics and Quantum Optics
edited by A. O. Barut
Series B: Physics
Quantum Electrodynamics
and Quantum Optics
Edited by
A. O. Barut
University of Colorado
Boulder, Colorado
Plenum Press
New York and London
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on
Quantum Electrodynamics and Quantum Optics,
held May 27-June 8, 1983,
in Boulder, Colorado
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
NATO Advanced Study Institute on Quantum Electrodynamics and Quantum
Optics (1983: Boulder, Colo.)
Quantum electrodynamics and quantum optics.
(NATO ASI series. Series B, Physics; v. 110)
"Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Quantum Electrody·
namics and Quantum Optics, held May 27-June 8,1983, in Boulder, Colorado"
T.p. verso.
"Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division."
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Quantum electrodynamics-Congresses. 2. Quantum optics-Congresses.
3. Gauge invariance-Congresses. I. Barut, A. O. (Asim Orhan), date- . II.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Division. III. Title. IV. Series.
QC679.N36 1983 537.6 84·9937
ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-9717-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4613-2783-7
001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2783-7
© 1984 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1984
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The borderline of quantum electrodynamics and quantum optics
offer spectacular results and problems concerning the foundations
of radiation theory. Perhaps the major new viewpoint that has
emerged from recent investigations is that one can now work inside
a time-dependent quantum process, whereas up to now all elementary
quantum processes were either stationary, or one worked with
asymptotic in-and out-states, i.e. an S-matrix approach.
In the-rirst part of this volume, the Quantum Electrodynamics,
the present status of the main approaches to this most accurate of
all physical theories are discussed: the Hamiltonian approach,
the Green's function approach with particular emphasis to bound
state problems, and the newer, nonperturbative approach. The
latest numerical results on radiative corrections, Lamb shifts and
anomalous magnetic moments are reviewed with new results for high
Z atoms. Also discussed are different theoretical interpretations
of the radiative phenomena as due to quantized field vacuum
fluctuations or due to self energy.
A small group of contributions are devoted to the physics and
mathematical description of decaying or unstable states in quantum
theory. This remarkable phenomenon of quantum theory still needs
complete clarification, it is a time-dependent phenomenon, which
can be described also by asymptotic S-matrix methods, but with
complex energies.
The second main part of the book is devoted to new develop
ments in quantum optics, in particular to time-dependent pro
cesses. Strong field autoionization phenomena provide instances
of studying time development of coherence, spectral observations
and change of population. A controversy (which turns out to be a
practical controversy rather than a fundamental one) of using the
+ + ± +
interaction A • p versus ~ • r in radiative calculations is also
discussed extensively by several authors.
A volume on QED and Quantum optics would be incomplete with
out the discussion of basic quantum theory of measurement. Indeed
some discussions are devoted to the new aspects of the foundations
of quantum theory with emphasis on the experimental tests of
Bell's inequalities.
v
The contributions collected here have been originally
presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute, held in Boulder,
C,lorado, between May 26 and June 8, 1983. I should like to thank
NATO Scientific Affairs Division and the Department of Physics of
the University of Colorado for their support of the Institute, and
the contributors and participants for their enthusiasm which made
the meeting a very lively, and fruitful experience.
A. O. Barut
Boulder, Colorado
February 1984
vi
CONTENTS
I. QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS
Finite Boundary Effects in Quantum Electrodynamics 1
G. S. Agarwal
Nonperturbative Quantum Electrodynamics of
Bound States and Radiative Processes 15
A. O. Barut
Mass and Charge Renorma1ization in Quantum Electrodynamics • 31
M. Berrondo
Simple Physical Pictures for Radiative Processes: Vacuum
Polarization versus Radiation Reaction (Abstract) • 39
C. Cohen-Tannoudji
The Hamiltonian of Quantum Electrodynamics . • • • • • • •• 41
I. Bia1ynicki-Biru1a
Nonperturbative Methods in Bound State
Quantum Electrodynamics • 63
P. Mohr
Recent Advances in Muonium Hyperfine Splitting
Calculations . . • • • • • • • . 83
J. R. Sapirstein
II. QUANTUM OPTICS
Chaos in Radiative Interactions . • • . 97
J. R. Ackerha1t, H. W. Galbraith and P. W. Mi10nni
Electron Spectrum and the Time-dependence of Initial State
Population in a Model for Laser Induced Autoionization . 167
D, Agassi
vii
Cooperative Effects in One Dimension 195
V. Benza and E. Montaldi
Theory of Time-Dependent Spectral Observations in
QED and Quantum Optics • • • • • • • . 209
J. H. Eberly
Ke1dysh Approximation Revisited 229
H. R. Reiss
Coherence and Saturation in Strong Field Ionization 237
K. Rzazewski
Quantum Fluctuations as Corrections to Slowely
Varying Quantities • • • • . • • • • • 263
S. Stenholm
Radiation Interaction of Rydberg Atoms . • • • . • . • . •. 281
H. Walther
The Role of Scalar Product and Wigner Distribution in
Optical and Quantum Mechanical Measurements 305
K. Wodkiewicz
Configuration Interaction in Multiphoton Ionization 313
P. Zoller, E. Matthias and S. J. Smith
III, DECAYING STATES
Nonlinear Wave Equation for Decaying States 323
M. Girardeau
Interference Phenomena in Unstable States 327
L. P. Li~vy
Nonperturbative Treatment of Decaying States • • • . • • .. 341
H. M. Nussenzveig
IV. GAUGE INVARIANCE
-+ -+ -+ -+
A p or r E? Minimal Coupling and Multipolar
Hamiltonians in the Quantum
Theory of Radiation • . • • • • • • . . • 373
K. Haller
Manifest Gauge Invariance in Nonrelativistic Quantum
Mechanics with Classical Electromagnetic Fields 393
D. H. Kobe
viii
Consequences of High Field Intensity in Semiclassical
Electrodynamics •.•••••.•.•••. 399
H. R, Reiss
InteT8ction Hamiltonian in Quantum Optics.
Or: p . A vs. t . t Revisited . • • 405
R. R. Schlicher, W. Becker, J. Bergou and
M. O. Scully
V. QUANTUM CORRELATIONS
Is Reality Really Real? - An Introduction to
Bell's Inequalities •..•••... 443
P. Meystre
Bell's Theorem and Quasiclassical Quantum Distribution
Theory: A Calculational Example • • • . • • . 459
L. M. Pedrotti and M. O. Scully
INDEX • • • • • . • . • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • •• 469
ix