Quantitative Social Research Methods

433 Pages·2007·6.66 MB·English

by  Singh, Kultar.

QUANTITATIVE SOCIAL RESEARCH
METHODS

QUANTITATIVE SOCIAL RESEARCH
METHODS
Kultar Singh
Copyright © Kultar Singh, 2007
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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First published in 2007 by
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Singh, Kultar, 1976–
Quantitative social research methods/Kultar Singh.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Social sciences—Research—Methodology. I. Title.
H62.S47757 300.72—dc22 2007 2006037461
ISBN:978–0–7619–3383–0 (PB) 978–81–7829–525–1 (India–PB)
Sage Production Team: Abantika Banerjee, Neha Kohli, Mathew P.J. and Santosh Rawat
In loving memory of my grandparents (nani, dada and dadi)

C
ONTENTS
List of Tables 9
List of Figures 11
List of Boxes 14
List of Abbreviations 17
Preface 20
Acknowledgements 22
SECTION I
Chapter 1 Development Research Techniques 27
Chapter 2 Social Research: Genesis and Scope 48
Chapter 3 Research Process 62
Chapter 4 Sampling and Sample Size Estimation 88
Chapter 5 Data Analysis 122
Chapter 6 Multivariate Analysis 177
Chapter 7 Data Analysis Using Quantitative Software 228
SECTION II
Chapter 8 Population, Health and Nutrition 271
Chapter 9 Education 308
Chapter 10 Water and Sanitation 319
Chapter 11 Poverty, Inequality and Rural Development 336
Chapter 12 Environment and Natural Resource Management 351
8 QUANTITATIVE SOCIAL RESEARCH METHODS
Appendices
Appendix A Basic Mathematics Theory 382
Appendix B Probability Theory and Distribution 387
Appendix C Z and T Distributions 394
Glossary 398
Bibliography 411
Index 424
About the Author 432
L T
IST OF ABLES
1.1 Cost and Benefit Distribution Over N Number of Years 28
1.2 Review of District Action Plan Implementation 32
5.1 Educational Characteristics by Gender: Cell Proportion 130
5.2 Educational Characteristics by Gender: Cell Numbers 131
5.3 Testing Hypothesis: One-sample T Test Descriptives 158
5.4 Testing Hypothesis: One-sample T Test 158
5.5 Decision-making Matrix 159
5.6 Parametric Test and Non-parametric Test 162
6.1 Variable Entered in an Equation Using the Enter Method 181
6.2 Regression Model Summary Using Enter Method 181
6.3 Regression Model: Analysis of Variance 181
6.4 Standardized Coefficient of Variables Entered in an Equation 182
6.5 Summary of Canonical Discriminant Functions—Eigen Value 189
6.6 Summary of Canonical Discriminant Functions—Wilk’s Lambda 190
6.7 Standardized Discriminant Function 190
6.8 Classification Statistics: Prior Probability for Groups 190
6.9 Classifications Results 190
6.10 A Person Smoking and Getting Cancer 191
6.11 Dependent Variable Encoding 193
6.12 Variable Frequency (Categorical Coding) 193
6.13 Variable Model 193
6.14 Independent Variables Entered in the Equation 193
6.15 Summary Statistics 194
6.16 Testing Significance 194
6.17 Classification Table for Dependent Variable 194