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Python Tutorial PDF

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Python  Tutorial PYTHON TUTORIAL Simply Easy Learning by tutorialspoint.com tutorialspoint.com i ABOUT THE TUTORIAL Python Tutorial Python is a general-purpose, interpreted, interactive, object-oriented and high-level programming language. Python was created by Guido van Rossum in the late eighties and early nineties. Like Perl, Python source code is also now available under the GNU General Public License (GPL). Audience This tutorial has been designed for software programmers with a need to understand the Python programming language starting from scratch. This tutorial will give you enough understanding on Python programming language from where you can take yourself to a higher level of expertise. Prerequisites Before proceeding with this tutorial you should have a basic understanding of Computer Programming terminologies. A basic understanding of any of the programming languages will help you in understanding the Python programming concepts and move fast on the learning track. Copyright & Disclaimer Notice All the content and graphics on this tutorial are the property of tutorialspoint.com. Any content from tutorialspoint.com or this tutorial may not be redistributed or reproduced in any way, shape, or form without the written permission of tutorialspoint.com. Failure to do so is a violation of copyright laws. This tutorial may contain inaccuracies or errors and tutorialspoint provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy of the site or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover that the tutorialspoint.com site or this tutorial content contains some errors, please contact us at [email protected] TUTORIALS POINT   Simply  Easy  Learning Table of Content Python Tutorial .......................................................................... 2   Audience .................................................................................... 2   Prerequisites .............................................................................. 2   Copyright & Disclaimer Notice ................................................... 2   Python Overview ..................................................................... 40   History of Python: ..................................................................................... 40   Python Features: ...................................................................................... 40   Python Environment ................................................................ 42   Getting Python: ........................................................................................ 43   Install Python: ........................................................................................... 43   Unix & Linux Installation: .......................................................................... 43   Windows Installation: ............................................................................... 43   Macintosh Installation: .............................................................................. 44   Setting up PATH: ..................................................................................... 44   Setting path at Unix/Linux: ....................................................................... 44   Setting path at Windows: ......................................................................... 44   Python Environment Variables: ................................................................ 45   Running Python: ....................................................................................... 45   (1) Interactive Interpreter: ......................................................................... 45   (2) Script from the Command-line: ........................................................... 46   (3) Integrated Development Environment ................................................ 46   Python Basic Syntax ................................................................ 47   First Python Program: .............................................................................. 47   INTERACTIVE MODE PROGRAMMING: ................................................ 47   SCRIPT MODE PROGRAMMING: .......................................................... 47   Python Identifiers: .................................................................................... 48   Reserved Words: ..................................................................................... 48   Lines and Indentation: .............................................................................. 49   Multi-Line Statements: ............................................................................. 50   Quotation in Python: ................................................................................. 50   Comments in Python: ............................................................................... 50   Using Blank Lines: ................................................................................... 51   Waiting for the User: ................................................................................ 51   Multiple Statements on a Single Line: ...................................................... 51   Multiple Statement Groups as Suites: ...................................................... 51   Command-Line Arguments: ..................................................................... 51   Accessing Command-Line Arguments: .................................................... 52   TUTORIALS POINT   Simply  Easy  Learning Example: .................................................................................................. 52   Parsing Command-Line Arguments: ....................................... 52   getopt.getopt method: .............................................................................. 53   exception getopt.GetoptError: .................................................................. 53   Example ................................................................................................... 53   Python Variable Types ............................................................ 55   Assigning Values to Variables: ................................................................. 55   Multiple Assignment: ................................................................................ 55   Standard Data Types: .............................................................................. 56   Python Numbers: ..................................................................................... 56   Examples: ................................................................................................ 57   Python Strings: ......................................................................................... 57   Python Lists: ............................................................................................. 58   Python Tuples: ......................................................................................... 58   Python Dictionary: .................................................................................... 59   Data Type Conversion: ............................................................................ 59   Python Basic Operators ........................................................... 62   Python Arithmetic Operators: ................................................................... 62   Example: .................................................................................................. 63   Python Comparison Operators: ................................................................ 64   Example: .................................................................................................. 64   Python Assignment Operators: ................................................................ 66   Example: .................................................................................................. 66   Python Bitwise Operators: ........................................................................ 67   Example: .................................................................................................. 68   Python Logical Operators: ........................................................................ 69   Example: .................................................................................................. 69   Python Membership Operators: ............................................................... 70   Example: .................................................................................................. 70   Python Identity Operators: ....................................................................... 71   Example: .................................................................................................. 71   Python Operators Precedence ................................................................. 72   Example: .................................................................................................. 73   Python Decision Making .......................................................... 75   If statements ............................................................................................. 76   Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 76   Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 76   Example: .................................................................................................. 76   if...else statements ................................................................................... 77   TUTORIALS POINT   Simply  Easy  Learning Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 77   Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 77   Example: .................................................................................................. 78   The elif Statement .................................................................................... 78   Example: .................................................................................................. 78   nested if statements ................................................................................. 79   Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 79   Example: .................................................................................................. 79   Single Statement Suites: .......................................................................... 80   Python Loops ........................................................................... 81   while loop ................................................................................................. 82   Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 82   Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 82   Example: .................................................................................................. 83   The Infinite Loop: ..................................................................................... 83   The else Statement Used with Loops ...................................................... 84   Single Statement Suites: .......................................................................... 84   Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 84   Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 85   Example: .................................................................................................. 85   Iterating by Sequence Index: ................................................................... 86   The else Statement Used with Loops ...................................................... 86   Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 87   Example: .................................................................................................. 87   Loop Control Statements: ........................................................................ 88   Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 88   Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 89   Example: .................................................................................................. 89   Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 90   Flow Diagram: .......................................................................................... 90   Example: .................................................................................................. 90   Syntax: ..................................................................................................... 91   Example: .................................................................................................. 91   Python Numbers ...................................................................... 92   Examples: ................................................................................................ 92   Number Type Conversion: ....................................................................... 93   Mathematical Functions: .......................................................................... 93   Syntax ...................................................................................................... 96   Parameters ............................................................................................... 96   TUTORIALS POINT   Simply  Easy  Learning Return Value ............................................................................................ 97   Example ................................................................................................... 97   Description ............................................................................................... 97   Syntax ...................................................................................................... 97   Parameters ............................................................................................... 97   Return Value ............................................................................................ 97   Example ................................................................................................... 97   Description ............................................................................................... 98   Syntax ...................................................................................................... 98   Parameters ............................................................................................... 98   Return Value ............................................................................................ 98   Example ................................................................................................... 98   Description ............................................................................................... 99   Syntax ...................................................................................................... 99   Parameters ............................................................................................... 99   Return Value ............................................................................................ 99   Example ................................................................................................... 99   Description ............................................................................................... 99   Syntax .................................................................................................... 100   Parameters ............................................................................................. 100   Return Value .......................................................................................... 100   Example ................................................................................................. 100   Description ............................................................................................. 100   Syntax .................................................................................................... 100   Parameters ............................................................................................. 100   Return Value .......................................................................................... 101   Example ................................................................................................. 101   Description ............................................................................................. 101   Syntax .................................................................................................... 101   Parameters ............................................................................................. 101   Return Value .......................................................................................... 101   Example ................................................................................................. 101   Description ............................................................................................. 102   Syntax .................................................................................................... 102   Parameters ............................................................................................. 102   Return Value .......................................................................................... 102   Example ................................................................................................. 102   Description ............................................................................................. 103   Syntax .................................................................................................... 103   TUTORIALS POINT   Simply  Easy  Learning Parameters ............................................................................................. 103   Return Value .......................................................................................... 103   Example ................................................................................................. 103   Description ............................................................................................. 103   Syntax .................................................................................................... 104   Parameters ............................................................................................. 104   Return Value .......................................................................................... 104   Example ................................................................................................. 104   Description ............................................................................................. 104   Syntax .................................................................................................... 104   Parameters ............................................................................................. 104   Return Value .......................................................................................... 104   Example ................................................................................................. 105   Random Number Functions: .................................................................. 105   Description ............................................................................................. 105   Syntax .................................................................................................... 105   Parameters ............................................................................................. 106   Return Value .......................................................................................... 106   Example ................................................................................................. 106   Description ............................................................................................. 106   Syntax .................................................................................................... 106   Parameters ............................................................................................. 106   Return Value .......................................................................................... 106   Example ................................................................................................. 106   Description ............................................................................................. 107   Syntax .................................................................................................... 107   Parameters ............................................................................................. 107   Return Value .......................................................................................... 107   Example ................................................................................................. 107   Description ............................................................................................. 108   Syntax .................................................................................................... 108   Parameters ............................................................................................. 108   Return Value .......................................................................................... 108   Example ................................................................................................. 108   Description ............................................................................................. 109   Syntax .................................................................................................... 109   Parameters ............................................................................................. 109   Return Value .......................................................................................... 109   Example ................................................................................................. 109   TUTORIALS POINT   Simply  Easy  Learning Description ............................................................................................. 110   Syntax .................................................................................................... 110   Parameters ............................................................................................. 110   Return Value .......................................................................................... 110   Example ................................................................................................. 110   Trigonometric Functions: ........................................................................ 110   Description ............................................................................................. 111   Syntax .................................................................................................... 111   Parameters ............................................................................................. 111   Return Value .......................................................................................... 111   Example ................................................................................................. 111   Description ............................................................................................. 111   Syntax .................................................................................................... 112   Parameters ............................................................................................. 112   Return Value .......................................................................................... 112   Example ................................................................................................. 112   Description ............................................................................................. 112   Syntax .................................................................................................... 112   Parameters ............................................................................................. 112   Return Value .......................................................................................... 113   Example ................................................................................................. 113   Description ............................................................................................. 113   Syntax .................................................................................................... 113   Parameters ............................................................................................. 113   Return Value .......................................................................................... 113   Example ................................................................................................. 113   Description ............................................................................................. 114   Syntax .................................................................................................... 114   Parameters ............................................................................................. 114   Return Value .......................................................................................... 114   Example ................................................................................................. 114   Description ............................................................................................. 115   Syntax .................................................................................................... 115   Parameters ............................................................................................. 115   Return Value .......................................................................................... 115   Example ................................................................................................. 115   Description ............................................................................................. 115   Syntax .................................................................................................... 115   Parameters ............................................................................................. 116   TUTORIALS POINT   Simply  Easy  Learning Return Value .......................................................................................... 116   Example ................................................................................................. 116   Description ............................................................................................. 116   Syntax .................................................................................................... 116   Parameters ............................................................................................. 116   Return Value .......................................................................................... 116   Example ................................................................................................. 117   Description ............................................................................................. 117   Syntax .................................................................................................... 117   Parameters ............................................................................................. 117   Return Value .......................................................................................... 117   Example ................................................................................................. 117   Description ............................................................................................. 118   Syntax .................................................................................................... 118   Parameters ............................................................................................. 118   Return Value .......................................................................................... 118   Example ................................................................................................. 118   Mathematical Constants: ........................................................................ 119   Python Strings ....................................................................... 120   Accessing Values in Strings: .................................................................. 120   Updating Strings: .................................................................................... 120   Escape Characters: ................................................................................ 121   String Special Operators: ....................................................................... 121   String Formatting Operator: ................................................................... 122   Triple Quotes: ......................................................................................... 123   Raw String: ............................................................................................. 124   Unicode String: ....................................................................................... 124   Built-in String Methods: .......................................................................... 125   Description ............................................................................................. 127   Syntax .................................................................................................... 127   Parameters ............................................................................................. 127   Return Value .......................................................................................... 127   Example ................................................................................................. 127   Description ............................................................................................. 128   Syntax .................................................................................................... 128   Parameters ............................................................................................. 128   Return Value .......................................................................................... 128   Example ................................................................................................. 128   Description ............................................................................................. 128   TUTORIALS POINT   Simply  Easy  Learning

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