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Python Programming Practical Python Programming For Beginners and Experts Jonathan Yates Text Copyright © Jonathan Yates All rights reserved. No part of this guide may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. Legal & Disclaimer This document is geared towards providing exact and reliable information in regards to the topic and issues covered. The publication is sold on the idea that the publisher is not required to render an accounting, officially permitted, or otherwise, qualified services. If advice is necessary, legal or professional, a practiced individual in the profession should be ordered. - From a Declaration of Principles which was accepted and approved equally by a Committee of the American Bar Association and a Committee of Publishers and Associations. 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Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1: An Introduction to Python Chapter 2: Installing Python and Setting up the Environment Chapter 3: Common Python Syntax Chapter 4: Types of Variables in Python Chapter 5: Using Operators and Operands Chapter 6: Using Sequential Loops Chapter 7: Decision Making and Expressions Chapter 8: Strings and Functions in Python Chapter 9: Creating, Using, and Modifying Lists Chapter 10: Tuples and Data Types Chapter 11: Dictionary Operation and Functions Chapter 12: Mastering Date and Time Chapter 13: User Defined Functions Chapter 14: Organizing Code with Modules Chapter 15: I/O Input Used in Python Chapter 16: Exceptions and Assertions Chapter 17: Object Oriented Programming Chapter 18: Python Regular Expressions. Chapter 19: Python Multithreaded Programming Chapter 20: Conclusion Chapter 1 An Introduction to Python Are you aware that websites like YouTube and Dropbox make use of Python Programming in their source code? Python is a commonly used language which one can easily understand and apply. You can make nearly anything using Python. Most systems today (Mac, Linux, UNIX, etc.) have Python installed as a default setting since it is an open source and free language. Upon reading this book, you are going to become fluent in this awesome code language and see it applied to a variety of examples. No type declaration of methodology, parameters, functions, or variables (like in other languages) are found in Python making its code concise and easy. As I said earlier, you can use the language in everything if you want to build a website, make a game, or even create a search engine. The big plus of using Python is, an explicit compiler is not necessary since it’s an entirely interpreted language (Perl, Shell, etc.). File extension which is used by Python source file is “.py” and it is a case-sensitive language, so “P” and “p” would be considered as two different variables. Also, Python figures out the variable type on its own, for example, if you put x=4 and y=’Python’ then it will consider x as an integer and y as a string. We are going to learn all these basics in detail in further chapters. Before we move forward, a few important points to remember are: 1. For assigning a value “=” is used, and for comparison “==” is used. Example, x=4, y=8, x==y 2. “print” is used to print results. 3. All the mathematical operations like +, -, *, /, % are used with numbers 4. Variable is created when a value is assigned to it. Example, a=5 will create a variable named “a” which has an integer value of 5. There is no need to define it beforehand. 5. “+” can also be used to concatenate two string. Example, z= “Hi”, z= z + “Python” 6. For logical operations “and”, “or”, “not” are used instead of symbols. We use three general data types: integer (by default for numbers), floats (a=3.125) and string. The string is shown by either “” (double quotes) or ‘’ (single quotes). We will look at all the types of data with various examples in the upcoming chapters. Let’s look at the step by step guide to install Python on a Windows operating system. As mentioned earlier, if you are using another operating system like UNIX or Linux or Mac then Python should be installed already and ready to use. You have to use “%python” to get the details on Linux, press “CTRL + D” to exit. For running it on UNIX, “%python filename.py” is used. Python prompts with three “greater than” symbol (>>>).