Pump Wisdom: Problem Solving for Operators and Specialists PDF
Preview Pump Wisdom: Problem Solving for Operators and Specialists
r . This page intentionally left blank Pump Wisdom This page intentionally left blank Pump Wisdom Problem Solving for Operators anaSpecialîsts by Heinz P. Blocn AlChE )WILEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Cover based on ideas by Dennis Bowman, PE, Alfred Conhagen, Inc., Houston, Texas. Page layout and formatting by Joy M. Peterson, Asheville, North Carolina. Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey. Published simultaneously in Canada. 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Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of mer- chantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales rep- resentatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic formats. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Bloch, Heinz P., 1933- Pump wisdom : problem solving for operators and specialists / Heinz P. Bloch. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-1-118-04123-9 (hardback) 1. Pumping machinery. I. Title. TJ900.B6483 2011 621.6'9—dc22 2010050397 Printed in the United States of America. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21 Tb Ken and the fellow professionals who appreciate the importance of avoiding pump failures V This page intentionally left blank Table of Contents 1. Principles of Centrifugal Process Pumps 1 Pump performance: Head and flow Operation at zero flow Impellers and rotors The meaning of specific speed Process pump types Process pump mechanical response to flow changes Recirculation and cavitation The importance of suction specific speed What we have learned References 2. Pump Selection and Industry Standards 15 Why insist on better pumps ANSI and ISO versus API pumps What we have learned References 3. Foundations and Base Plates 23 Securing pumps in place—with one exception Why not to install pump sets in the as-shipped condition Conventional versus pre-filled base plate installations Epoxy prefilled base plates How to proceed if there is no access to specialist firms What we have learned: Checklist of foundation and base plate topics References 4. Piping, Stationary Seals, and Gasketing 35 Pipe installation and support Sliding supports and installation sequence deserve special attention Monitoring pipe stress while bolting up Flange leakage What to do prior to gasket insertion vii Spiral wound and kammprofile gaskets Pipe, hydraulic tubing, or flexible connections? Gusseting Concentric versus eccentric reducers Vibration problems in piping What we have learned on piping and gasketing topics References 5. Rolling Element Bearings 49 Bearing selection overview and windage as a design problem Radial versus axial (thrust) bearings Oil levels, multiple bearings, and different bearing orientations Upgrading and retrofit opportunities Bearing cages Bearing preload and clearance effects Bearing dimensions and mounting tolerances What we have learned References 6. Lubricant Application and Cooling Considerations 69 Lubricant level and oil application Issues with oil rings Pressure and temperature balance in bearing housings Cooling not needed on pumps with rolling element bearings Oil delivery by constant level lubricators Black oil Lube application as oil mist (oil fog) Desiccant breathers and expansion chambers What we have learned References 7. Lubricant Types and Key Properties 83 Lubricant viscosities When and why high film strength synthetic lubricants are used Lubricants for oil mist systems What we have learned References 8. Bearing Housing Protection and Cost Justification 91 via
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