Properties of Polymers, Fourth Edition: Their Correlation with Chemical Structure; their Numerical Estimation and Prediction from Additive Group Contributions

1031 Pages·2009·16.86 MB·English

by  D.W. van Krevelen

PROPERTIES OF
POLYMERS
THEIR CORRELATION WITH CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE; THEIR NUMERICAL
ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION FROM
ADDITIVE GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS
Fourth, completely revised edition
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
PROPERTIES OF
POLYMERS
THEIR CORRELATION WITH CHEMICAL
STRUCTURE; THEIR NUMERICAL
ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION FROM
ADDITIVE GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS
Fourth, completely revised edition
D.W.VAN KREVELEN†
Professor-Emeritus, Delft University of Technology,The Netherlands
and Former President of AKZO Research and Engineering N.V., Arnhem,
The Netherlands
Revised by
K.TE NIJENHUIS
Associate Professor-Emeritus, Delft University of Technology, Delft,
The Netherlands
Elsevier
Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands
LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP,UK
Firstedition1972
Second,completelyrevisededition1976
Secondimpression1980
Thirdimpression1986
Fourthimpression1987
Fifthimpression1989
Third,completelyrevisededition1990
Secondimpression1992
Thirdimpression1994
Fourth,completelyrevisededition2009
Copyright#2009ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedin
anyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise
withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights
DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(þ44)(0)1865843830;fax(þ44)(0)1865853333;email:
[e-mail]tyourrequestonlinebyvisiting
theElsevierwebsiteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselectingObtaining
permissiontouseElseviermaterial
Notice
Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsor
property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or
operationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Krevelen,D.W.van(DirkWillem)
Properties of polymers : their correlation with chemical structure : their numerical
estimationandpredictionfromadditivegroupcontributions/byD.W.vanKrevelen.–
4th,completelyrev.ed./K.teNijenhuis.
p. cm.
ISBN978-0-08-054819-7
1. Polymers–Mechanicalproperties. I. Nijenhuis,K.te. II. Title.
TA455.P58K74 2009
620.1’9204292–dc22
2008044601
ForinformationonallElsevierpublications
visitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com
PrintedandboundinSlovenia
09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Istandattheseashore,alone,andstarttothink...
Therearetherushing
wavesmountainsofmolecules
eachstupidlymindingitsownbusiness
trillionsapart
yetformingwhitesurfinunison.
Agesonagesbefore
anyeyescouldsee
yearafteryear
thunderouslypoundingtheshoreasnow.
Forwhom,forwhat?
Onadeadplanet
withnolifetoentertain.
Neveratrest
torturedbyenergy
wastedprodigiouslybythesun
pouredintospace.
Amitemakesthesearoar.
Deepinthesea
allmoleculesrepeat
thepatternofoneanother
tillcomplexnewonesareformed.
Theymakeotherslikethemselves
andanewdancestarts.
Growinginsizeandcomplexity
livingthings
massesofatoms
DNA,protein
dancingapatternevermoreintricate.
Outofthecradle
ontodryland
hereitis
standing:
atomswithconsciousness;
matterwithcuriosity.
Standsatthesea,
wondersatwondering:I
auniverseofatoms
anatomintheuniverse.
RichardP.Feynman(1955)
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION (1972)
This book is intended for those who work on practical problems in the field of polymers
and who are in need of orienting numerical information on polymer properties; for the
organic chemist who is faced with the task of synthesizing new polymers and wonders
ifthestructureshewantstorealizewillactuallyhavethepropertieshehasasatarget;for
thechemicalengineerwhoisoftenforced toexecutehisdesigns withouthavingenough
dataathisdisposalandwholooks invainfor numericalvaluesofthequantities needed
under the conditions of the process; for the polymer processer who tries to predict and
understand how certain physical parameters will react to changes in process conditions;
for the polymer technologist who tries to a get a better insight into the interrelations of
the many disciplines in his branch; and finally for all students who are interested in the
correlation between chemical structure and properties and in the mutual relation of
theproperties.
Withthechemicalconstitutionasthebasis,ouraimhasconsistentlybeentoshowthat
each functional group in the molecular structure actually performs a function that is
reflected in all properties. Ample use has been made of the empirical fact that a number
of quantities and combinations of quantities have additive properties – within certain
limits of precision - so that these quantities can be calculated in a simple manner from
empiricallyderivedgroupcontributionsorincrements.Manyreaderswillbesurprisedto
seehowfaronecangetbysettingoutfromthissimplestartingpoint.
Theoreticalexpositionshavepurposelybeenomitted,exceptwheresomeelucidationis
indispensableforaproperunderstandingofquantitiesthatarelesswidelyknown.
Itfollowsthatthisbookhasnotbeenwrittenforthepolymerscientistproper,notably
thepolymerphysicistandphysicalchemist,itsdesignbeingtooempiricalforhimandtoo
much directedtopractice. In thisbooktheexpert will find nodatathatarenotavailable
elsewhere. Many experts may even have great objections, some of them justified, to the
designofthisbookanditsapproach.
Unfortunately, the gap between polymer scientists and practicians is not narrowing
but constantly widening. The work in the field of polymer science is becoming increas-
inglysophisticated,intheexperimentalaswellasinthetheoreticaldisciplines.
This book is meant to be a modest contribution towards narrowing the gap between
polymerscienceandpolymerpractice. Timewillhavetoshow whether thisattempt has
beensuccessful.
vii
Thispageintentionallyleftblank
FROM THE PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION (1976)
Onitsappearancethisbookwasgivensuchagoodwelcomethatasecondeditionproved
to be necessary within four years. For this purpose the book was completely revised,
updatedandconsiderablyextended.Thescopeofthechaptersdealingwiththemechani-
cal and rheological properties was much enlarged, as where the sections discussing
polymersolutions.Animprovedsystemfortheassessmentofthetransitiontemperatures
wasintroduced.SIunitsareusedthroughoutthebook.
Whilethefirstimpressionconfineditselftotheintrinsicproperties,thesecondedition
alsocoverstheprocessingandproductproperties,iftoalimitedextentandonaselective
basis.
ix