Properties of Polymers, Fourth Edition: Their Correlation with Chemical Structure; their Numerical Estimation and Prediction from Additive Group Contributions PDF
Preview Properties of Polymers, Fourth Edition: Their Correlation with Chemical Structure; their Numerical Estimation and Prediction from Additive Group Contributions
PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS THEIR CORRELATION WITH CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; THEIR NUMERICAL ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION FROM ADDITIVE GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS Fourth, completely revised edition Thispageintentionallyleftblank PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS THEIR CORRELATION WITH CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; THEIR NUMERICAL ESTIMATION AND PREDICTION FROM ADDITIVE GROUP CONTRIBUTIONS Fourth, completely revised edition D.W.VAN KREVELEN† Professor-Emeritus, Delft University of Technology,The Netherlands and Former President of AKZO Research and Engineering N.V., Arnhem, The Netherlands Revised by K.TE NIJENHUIS Associate Professor-Emeritus, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,TheNetherlands LinacreHouse,JordanHill,OxfordOX28DP,UK Firstedition1972 Second,completelyrevisededition1976 Secondimpression1980 Thirdimpression1986 Fourthimpression1987 Fifthimpression1989 Third,completelyrevisededition1990 Secondimpression1992 Thirdimpression1994 Fourth,completelyrevisededition2009 Copyright#2009ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedin anyformorbyanymeanselectronic,mechanical,photocopying,recordingorotherwise withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthepublisher Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone(þ44)(0)1865843830;fax(þ44)(0)1865853333;email: permissions@elsevier.com.Alternativelyyoucansubmityourrequestonlinebyvisiting theElsevierwebsiteathttp://elsevier.com/locate/permissions,andselectingObtaining permissiontouseElseviermaterial Notice Noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublisherforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsor property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operationofanymethods,products,instructionsorideascontainedinthematerialherein. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Krevelen,D.W.van(DirkWillem) Properties of polymers : their correlation with chemical structure : their numerical estimationandpredictionfromadditivegroupcontributions/byD.W.vanKrevelen.– 4th,completelyrev.ed./K.teNijenhuis. p. cm. ISBN978-0-08-054819-7 1. Polymers–Mechanicalproperties. I. Nijenhuis,K.te. II. Title. TA455.P58K74 2009 620.1’9204292–dc22 2008044601 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteatbooks.elsevier.com PrintedandboundinSlovenia 09 10 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Istandattheseashore,alone,andstarttothink... Therearetherushing wavesmountainsofmolecules eachstupidlymindingitsownbusiness trillionsapart yetformingwhitesurfinunison. Agesonagesbefore anyeyescouldsee yearafteryear thunderouslypoundingtheshoreasnow. Forwhom,forwhat? Onadeadplanet withnolifetoentertain. Neveratrest torturedbyenergy wastedprodigiouslybythesun pouredintospace. Amitemakesthesearoar. Deepinthesea allmoleculesrepeat thepatternofoneanother tillcomplexnewonesareformed. Theymakeotherslikethemselves andanewdancestarts. Growinginsizeandcomplexity livingthings massesofatoms DNA,protein dancingapatternevermoreintricate. Outofthecradle ontodryland hereitis standing: atomswithconsciousness; matterwithcuriosity. Standsatthesea, wondersatwondering:I auniverseofatoms anatomintheuniverse. RichardP.Feynman(1955) Thispageintentionallyleftblank FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION (1972) This book is intended for those who work on practical problems in the field of polymers and who are in need of orienting numerical information on polymer properties; for the organic chemist who is faced with the task of synthesizing new polymers and wonders ifthestructureshewantstorealizewillactuallyhavethepropertieshehasasatarget;for thechemicalengineerwhoisoftenforced toexecutehisdesigns withouthavingenough dataathisdisposalandwholooks invainfor numericalvaluesofthequantities needed under the conditions of the process; for the polymer processer who tries to predict and understand how certain physical parameters will react to changes in process conditions; for the polymer technologist who tries to a get a better insight into the interrelations of the many disciplines in his branch; and finally for all students who are interested in the correlation between chemical structure and properties and in the mutual relation of theproperties. Withthechemicalconstitutionasthebasis,ouraimhasconsistentlybeentoshowthat each functional group in the molecular structure actually performs a function that is reflected in all properties. Ample use has been made of the empirical fact that a number of quantities and combinations of quantities have additive properties – within certain limits of precision - so that these quantities can be calculated in a simple manner from empiricallyderivedgroupcontributionsorincrements.Manyreaderswillbesurprisedto seehowfaronecangetbysettingoutfromthissimplestartingpoint. Theoreticalexpositionshavepurposelybeenomitted,exceptwheresomeelucidationis indispensableforaproperunderstandingofquantitiesthatarelesswidelyknown. Itfollowsthatthisbookhasnotbeenwrittenforthepolymerscientistproper,notably thepolymerphysicistandphysicalchemist,itsdesignbeingtooempiricalforhimandtoo much directedtopractice. In thisbooktheexpert will find nodatathatarenotavailable elsewhere. Many experts may even have great objections, some of them justified, to the designofthisbookanditsapproach. Unfortunately, the gap between polymer scientists and practicians is not narrowing but constantly widening. The work in the field of polymer science is becoming increas- inglysophisticated,intheexperimentalaswellasinthetheoreticaldisciplines. This book is meant to be a modest contribution towards narrowing the gap between polymerscienceandpolymerpractice. Timewillhavetoshow whether thisattempt has beensuccessful. vii Thispageintentionallyleftblank FROM THE PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION (1976) Onitsappearancethisbookwasgivensuchagoodwelcomethatasecondeditionproved to be necessary within four years. For this purpose the book was completely revised, updatedandconsiderablyextended.Thescopeofthechaptersdealingwiththemechani- cal and rheological properties was much enlarged, as where the sections discussing polymersolutions.Animprovedsystemfortheassessmentofthetransitiontemperatures wasintroduced.SIunitsareusedthroughoutthebook. Whilethefirstimpressionconfineditselftotheintrinsicproperties,thesecondedition alsocoverstheprocessingandproductproperties,iftoalimitedextentandonaselective basis. ix
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