SpringerSeriesin chemical physics 100 SpringerSeriesin chemical physics SeriesEditors: A.W.Castleman,Jr. J.P.Toennies K.Yamanouchi W.Zinth The purpose of this series is to provide comprehensive up-to-date monographs inbothwellestablisheddisciplinesandemergingresearchareaswithinthebroad fieldsofchemicalphysicsandphysicalchemistry.Thebooksdealwithbothfun- damentalscienceandapplications,andmayhaveeitheratheoreticaloranexperi- mentalemphasis.Theyareaimedprimarilyatresearchersandgraduatestudents inchemicalphysicsandrelatedfields. PleaseviewavailabletitlesinSpringerSeriesinChemicalPhysics onserieshomepagehttp://www.springer.com/series/676 Kaoru Yamanouchi Dimitrios Charalambidis Didier Normand Editors Progress in Ultrafast Intense Laser Science Volume VII With 121 Figures 123 Editors Professor KaoruYamanouchi Dr. DidierNormand TheUniversityofTokyo IRAMIS,CEASaclay DepartmentofChemistry Baˆt.524,PCNo.83 7-3-1 Hongo,Bunkyo-ku 91191Gif-sur-YvetteCedex,France Tokyo 113-0033, Japan [email protected] [email protected] ProfessorDimitriosCharalambidis UniversityofCrete DepartmentofPhysics POBox2208,71003Heraklion,Greece [email protected] SeriesEditors: ProfessorA.W.Castleman,Jr. DepartmentofChemistry,thePennsylvaniaStateUniversity 152DaveyLaboratory,UniversityPark,PA16802,USA ProfessorJ.P.Toennies Max-Planck-Institutfu¨rStro¨mungsforschung Bunsenstrasse10,37073Go¨ttingen,Germany ProfessorK.Yamanouchi Department of Chemistry, the University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan ProfessorW.Zinth Universita¨tMu¨nchen,Institutfu¨rMedizinischeOptik O¨ttingerstr.67,80538Mu¨nchen,Germany SpringerSeriesinChemicalPhysics ISSN0172-6218 ISBN978-3-642-18326-3 e-ISBN978-3-642-18327-0 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-18327-0 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork L ibrary of Congress Control Number: 2006927806 ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 This work is subject to copyright. 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Cover design: eStudio Calamar Steinen Printed onacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface We are pleased to present the seventh volume of Progress in Ultrafast Intense LaserScience.Asthefrontiersofultrafastintenselasersciencerapidlyexpandever outward,therecontinuestobe a growingdemandforan introductionto thisinter- disciplinaryresearchfieldthatisatoncewidelyaccessibleandcapableofdelivering cutting-edgedevelopments.Our series aims to respond to this call by providinga compilationofconcisereview-stylearticleswrittenbyresearchersattheforefrontof thisresearchfield,sothatresearcherswithdifferentbackgroundsaswellasgraduate studentscaneasilygrasptheessentialaspects. AsinthepreviousvolumesofPUILS,eachchapterofthisbookbeginswithan introductorypart,inwhichaclearandconciseoverviewofthetopicanditssignif- icanceisgiven,andmovesontoa descriptionoftheauthors’mostrecentresearch results.Allthechaptersarepeerreviewed.Thearticlesofthisseventhvolumecover adiverserangeoftheinterdisciplinaryresearchfield,andthetopicsmaybegrouped intofivecategories:ionizationofatomsandmolecules(Chap.1),ultrafastresponses ofprotonsandelectronswithin a molecule(Chaps.2 and3),molecularalignment (Chaps. 4 and 5), high-order harmonics and attosecond pulse generation (Chaps. 6–8),andaccelerationofelectronsandionsinlaserplasmas(Chaps.9and10). Fromthethirdvolume,thePUILSserieshasbeeneditedinliaisonwiththeactiv- itiesoftheCenterforUltrafastIntenseLaserScience,theUniversityofTokyo,and JILS(JapanIntenseLightFieldScienceSociety),thelatterofwhichhasalsobeen responsibleforsponsoringtheseriesandmakingtheregularpublicationofitsvol- umespossible.Fromthefifthvolume,theConsortiumonEducationandResearch on Advanced Laser Science, the University of Tokyo, has joined this publication activityasoneofthesponsoringprograms.Theserieshasalsocollaboratedsinceits inceptionwiththeannualsymposiumseriesofISUILS(http://www.isuils.jp),which is designed to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion at the forefront of ultrafast intenselaserscience. Wewouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankalltheauthorswhohavekindly contributedtothePUILSseriesbydescribingtheirmostrecentworkatthefrontiers of ultrafast intense laser science. We also thank the reviewers who have read the submittedmanuscriptscarefully.Oneoftheco-editors(KY)thanksMs.ChieSakuta forherhelpwiththeeditingprocesses.Lastbutnotleast,ourgratitudegoesoutto v vi Preface Dr. Claus Ascheron, Physics Editor of SpringerVerlag at Heidelberg, for his kind support. Wehopethisvolumewillconveytheexcitementofultrafastintenselaserscience tothe readers,andstimulateinterdisciplinaryinteractionsamongresearchers,thus pavingthewaytoexplorationsofnewfrontiers. Tokyo KaoruYamanouchi Heraklion DimitriosCharalambidis Gif-sur-Yvette DidierNormand October2010 Contents 1 Intense-FieldDiracTheoryofIonizationofHydrogen andHydrogenicIonsinInfraredandFree-ElectronLaser Fields........................................................................... 1 FarhadH.M.FaisalandSujataBhattacharyya 2 UltrafastHydrogenMigrationinHydrocarbonMolecules DrivenbyIntenseLaserFields.............................................. 35 HuailiangXu,TomoyaOkino,KatsunoriNakai, andKaoruYamanouchi 3 Controlof -ElectronRotationsin Chiral Aromatic MoleculesUsingIntenseLaserPulses...................................... 53 ManabuKanno,HirohikoKono,andYuichiFujimura 4 OpticallyProbedLaser-InducedField-FreeMolecular Alignment...................................................................... 79 O.Faucher,B.Lavorel,E.Hertz,andF.Chaussard 5 Directionally Asymmetric Tunneling Ionization and Control of Molecular Orientation byPhase-ControlledLaserFields...........................................109 HidekiOhmura 6 HighHarmonicGenerationfromAlignedMolecules ....................127 RuxinLi,PengLiu,PengfeiWei,YuexunLi,ShitongZhao, ZhinanZeng,andZhizhanXu 7 New MethodsForComputingHigh-OrderHarmonic GenerationandPropagation................................................145 J.A. Pérez-Hernández,C. Hernandez-García,J. Ramos, E.ConejeroJarque,L.Plaja,andL.Roso vii viii Contents 8 OntheGenerationofIntenseIsolatedAttosecondPulses byMany-CycleLaserFields.................................................163 Paris Tzallas, EmmanouilSkantzakis, Jann E. Kruse, andDimitriosCharalambidis 9 RelativisticLaser Plasmasfor ElectronAcceleration andShortWavelengthRadiationGeneration.............................191 A.Pukhov,D.anderBrügge,andI.Kostyukov 10 Ion Accelerationin Subcritical Density Plasma via InteractionofIntenseLaserPulsewithCluster-GasTarget.............225 Y.Fukuda,A.Ya.Faenov,M.Tampo,T.A.Pikuz, T.Nakamura,M.Kando,Y.Hayashi,A.Yogo,H.Sakaki, T.Kameshima,K.Kawase,A.S.Pirozhkov,K.Ogura, M.Mori,T.Zh.Esirkepov,J.Koga,A.S.Boldarev, V.A.Gasilov,A.I.Magunov,T.Yamauchi,R.Kodama, P.R.Bolton,K.Kondo,S.Kawanishi,Y.Kato,T.Tajima, H.Daido,andS.V.Bulanov Index.................................................................................241 Contributors Daniel an der Brügge Institute for Theoretical Physics I, University ofDuesseldorf,40225Duesseldorf,Germany,[email protected] SujataBhattacharyya IACS,Kolkata-700032,India,[email protected] AlexeyS.Boldarev KeldyshInstituteofAppliedMathematics,RussianAcademy ofSciences(RAS),Moscow,125047,Russia,[email protected] PaulR.Bolton KansaiPhotonScienceInstitute(KPSI),AtomicEnergyAgency (JAEA),Kyoto,615-0215Japan and Photo-MedicalResearchCenter(PMRC),AtomicEnergyAgency(JAEA),Kyoto, 615-0215Japan,[email protected] Sergei V. Bulanov Kansai Photon Science Institute (KPSI), Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA),Kyoto,615-0215Japan and Photo-MedicalResearchCenter(PMRC),AtomicEnergyAgency(JAEA),Kyoto, 615-0215Japan and A.M.ProkhorovInstituteofGeneralPhysics,RussianAcademyofSciences(RAS), 119991Moscow,Russia,[email protected] DimitriosCharalambidis InstituteofElectronicStructureandLaser,Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas,PO Box 1527,71110Heraklion,Crete, Greece and DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofCrete,POBox2208,71003Heraklion,Crete, Greece,[email protected] Frederic Chaussard LaboratoireInterdisciplinaireCARNOT de Bourgogne (ICB),UMR5209CNRS-UniversitédeBourgogne,BP47870,21078DijonCedex, France,[email protected] ix