Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II: Selections from the International Symposia on Scale Modeling, ISSM VI (2009) and ISSM VII (2013) PDF
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Kozo Saito · Akihiko Ito Yuji Nakamura · Kazunori Kuwana Editors Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II Selections from the International Symposia on Scale Modeling, ISSM VI (2009) and ISSM VII (2013) Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II Kozo Saito (cid:129) Akihiko Ito (cid:129) Yuji Nakamura Kazunori Kuwana Editors Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II Selections from the International Symposia on Scale Modeling, ISSM VI (2009) and ISSM VII (2013) Editors KozoSaito AkihikoIto DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering HirosakiUniversity UniversityofKentucky Hirosaki-shi,Aomori,Japan Lexington,KY,USA KazunoriKuwana YujiNakamura YamagataUniversity ToyohashiUniversityofTechnology Yonezawa-shi,Yamagata,Japan Toyohashi,Japan ISBN978-3-319-10307-5 ISBN978-3-319-10308-2(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-10308-2 SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2008932278 ©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Thisvolumestandsasaremedyforthelackofavailablematerialonscalemodeling and as an essential resource for many university courses, both graduate and undergraduate. Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume 2 builds on the success of Volume1asthedefinitivesourceofinformationonthispowerfulsimplifyingand clarifyingtoolusedbyscientistsandengineersacrossmanydisciplines.Thebook’s diverse slate of authors helps readers “see the forest, when there are many, many trees” by elucidating techniques used when it would be too expensive, or too difficult,totestasystemofinterestinthefield. Topicsaddressedinthecurrenteditioninclude scalemodeling tostudynatural disasters and its impacts on environment and structures, developing and testing energygenerationsystemsandmethods,andothers.Thisbookalso (cid:129) Enablesreaderstoevaluateessentialandsalientaspectsofprofoundlycomplex systems,mechanisms,andphenomenaatscale. (cid:129) Offers engineers and designers a new point of view, liberating creative and innovativeideasandsolutions. (cid:129) Serves the widest range of readers across the engineering disciplines and in scienceandmedicine. Volume 1 was a selection of seminal papers given at the first 5 sessions of the International Symposium on Scale Modeling (ISSM), which were held between 1988and2006.DuringtheinterveningyearsISSMVIandISSMVIIwereheldin 2009 and 2013, respectively. The papers in this volume represent those two later symposia. The International Scale Modeling Committee consists of worldwide v vi Preface researchers in scale modeling, and celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2013. The committee is interdisciplinary, attracting researchers from a broad range of scientificandengineeringdisciplines. Lexington,KY,USA KozoSaito Hirosaki-shi,Aomori,Japan AkihikoIto Toyohashi,Japan YujiNakamura Yonezawa-shi,Yamagata,Japan KazunoriKuwana Contents ScaleModelingintheAgeofHigh-SpeedComputation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 K.SaitoandF.A.Williams PartI NaturalDisastersandStructuralFailures SectionA:Earthquake-ScaleModelingintheGeotechnical EngineeringField. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 TadashiKawai SectionA:Earthquake-SupercomputingandScaleModeling theEffectofFlotsamMixedTsunami:Implications forTsunamiGeneratedbythe2011Great EastCoastEarthquake. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 45 JunIshimotoandKozoSaito SectionB:FireandExplosion-ScaleModelingofBiomass FireAssociatedwithHydrogen-ProducingBacteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 TadashiKonishi,YutaKawamura,AkiraNarumi, andTomekZiemba SectionB:FireandExplosion-AStudyofFlameSpread inEngineeredCardboardFuelBedsPartI:Correlations andObservationsofFlameSpread. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 MarkA.Finney,JasonForthofer,IsaacC.Grenfell, BrittanyA.Adam,NelsonK.Akafuah,andKozoSaito SectionB:FireandExplosion-AStudyofFlameSpread inEngineeredCardboardFuelBedsPartII: ScalingLawApproach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 BrittanyA.Adam,NelsonK.Akafuah,MarkA.Finney, JasonForthofer,andKozoSaito vii viii Contents SectionB:FireandExplosion-ApplicationofPressure FireModelingUnderLowPressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 ZhihuiZhou,JianWang,andRichardKwokKitYuen SectionB:FireandExplosion-ObservationofConfined DeflagrationPhenomenaofFlammableGasMixtures UnderElevatedGravity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 HiroyasuSaitoh,TakaakiMizutani,SayuriKurihara, andTomohitoHori SectionB:FireandExplosion-ExtinguishmentCharacteristics ofaJetDiffusionFlamewithInert-GasVortexRing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 YukiChiba,HiroyukiTorikai,andAkihikoIto SectionB:FireandExplosion-EffectofGravityonFlame SpreadAlongaThinCombustibleSolidforDifferentSample OrientationsinOpposedFlow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 HiroyukiTorikai,AkihikoIto,andYujiKudo SectionB:FireandExplosion-ScaleEffectsonConsequence AnalysisofAccidentalExplosions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 RitsuDobashi,SatoshiKawamura, IkutoNishimura,andKazunoriKuwana SectionB:FireandExplosion-PreliminaryReducedScale ExperimentalStudyonPoolFiresinTunnels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 L.W.Pan,S.M.Lo,B.H.Cong,R.K.K.Yuen,TaoWei, T.S.H.Liang,andG.X.Liao SectionB:FireandExplosion-Scale-ModelExperiment ofWind-GeneratedFireWhirls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 KazunoriKuwana,KozoSekimoto,andKozoSaito SectionC:Structures-SeismicBehaviorofBatter-Pile FoundationBasedonCentrifugeTests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 HiroyukiKimata,TakashiTazoh,JihoJang,YoichiTaji, YasunobuSakai,andGeorgeGazetas SectionC:Structures-CharacteristicsoftheWindmill StructuralFatigueLoadinNaturalWind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 HironoriKikugawa,MasaruSato,andTomekZiemba Contents ix PartII EngineeringDesignPerformanceEvaluation andFundamentalUnderstandingUsingScaleModels CharacteristicsofTemperatureFieldsandFlowFields inaHeatedStreetCanyonbyScaleModeling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 HironoriKikugawa,TomoyaSato,YukiYonezawa, NobumasaSekishita,andTomekZiemba AStudyoftheTransitionfromNaturalConvection toForceConvectioninPlainandLouveredFins withScalingSimulations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 KengHooChuahandWohPengFun ScaleandNumericalModelingofanAir-Based DensitySeparator. . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . 225 TathagataGhosh,MohammadRezaee,RickQ.Honaker, andKozoSaito Scale-UpofChemicalLoopingCombustion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239 FangLiu,SaitoKozo,andKunleiLiu ScaleEffectonSolidFuelRegressioninCAMUI-Type HybridRocketMotor. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . 249 HarunoriNagataandMitsunoriIto ScaleEffectAnalysisforLocomotionSystems inDifferentGravityFields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 KazuyaYoshidaandHavardLund ScaleModelingofFlameSpreadOverPE-Coated ElectricWires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275 YujiNakamura,KeisukeAzumaya,JunyaIwakami, andKaoruWakatsuki ScaleModelingofAir-DroppedWaterforAerial FirefightingAgainstUrbanFire. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 HironoriKikugawa,TadashiKonishi,andKeitaHirano EffectofPorosityonFlameSpreadAlongaThin CombustibleSolidwithRandomlyDistributedPores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 YukitoWatanabe,AkihikoIto,andHiroyukiTorikai Epilogue:ScaleModelingandMeditation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 TadaoTakeno
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