Progress in Engineering Technology III

372 Pages·2021·18.561 MB·English

by  Muhamad Husaini Abu Bakar, Mohd Nurhidayat Zahelem, Andreas Öchsner

Advanced Structured Materials
Muhamad Husaini Abu Bakar
Mohd Nurhidayat Zahelem
Andreas Öchsner   Editors
Progress in
Engineering
Technology
III
Advanced Structured Materials
Volume 148
SeriesEditors
AndreasÖchsner,FacultyofMechanicalEngineering,EsslingenUniversityof
AppliedSciences,Esslingen,Germany
LucasF.M.daSilva,DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,Facultyof
Engineering,UniversityofPorto,Porto,Portugal
HolmAltenbach ,FacultyofMechanicalEngineering,OttovonGuericke
UniversityMagdeburg,Magdeburg,Sachsen-Anhalt,Germany
Common engineering materials reach in many applications their limits and new
developments are required to fulfil increasing demands on engineering materials.
Theperformanceofmaterialscanbeincreasedbycombiningdifferentmaterialsto
achieve better properties than a single constituent or by shaping the material or
constituents in a specific structure. The interaction between material and structure
mayariseondifferentlengthscales,suchasmicro-,meso-ormacroscale,andoffers
possibleapplicationsinquitediversefields.
Thisbookseriesaddressesthefundamentalrelationshipbetweenmaterialsandtheir
structureontheoverallproperties(e.g.mechanical,thermal,chemicalormagnetic
etc.)andapplications.
ThetopicsofAdvancedStructuredMaterialsincludebutarenotlimitedto
(cid:129)
classical fibre-reinforced composites (e.g. glass, carbon or Aramid reinforced
plastics)
(cid:129)
metalmatrixcomposites(MMCs)
(cid:129)
microporouscomposites
(cid:129)
microchannelmaterials
(cid:129)
multilayeredmaterials
(cid:129)
cellular materials (e.g., metallic or polymer foams, sponges, hollow sphere
structures)
(cid:129)
porousmaterials
(cid:129)
trussstructures
(cid:129)
nanocompositematerials
(cid:129)
biomaterials
(cid:129)
nanoporousmetals
(cid:129)
concrete
(cid:129)
coatedmaterials
(cid:129)
smartmaterials
AdvancedStructuredMaterialsisindexedinGoogleScholarandScopus.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/8611
·
Muhamad Husaini Abu Bakar
·
Mohd Nurhidayat Zahelem Andreas Öchsner
Editors
Progress in Engineering
Technology III
Editors
MuhamadHusainiAbuBakar MohdNurhidayatZahelem
MalaysianSpanishInstitute MalaysianSpanishInstitute
UniversitiKualaLumpur UniversitiKualaLumpur
Kulim,Kedah,Malaysia Kulim,Kedah,Malaysia
AndreasÖchsner
FacultyofMechanicalEngineering
EsslingenUniversityofAppliedSciences
EsslingenamNeckar,Baden-Württemberg
Germany
ISSN1869-8433 ISSN1869-8441 (electronic)
AdvancedStructuredMaterials
ISBN978-3-030-67749-7 ISBN978-3-030-67750-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67750-3
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature
SwitzerlandAG2021
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether
thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse
ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and
transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar
ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook
arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor
theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany
errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional
claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG
Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:Gewerbestrasse11,6330Cham,Switzerland
Preface
Thisbookcontainstheselectedandpeer-reviewedmanuscriptsthatwerepresentedin
theConferencesonMultidisciplinaryEngineeringandTechnology(COMET2019),
held at the University Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Spanish Institute (UniKL MSI),
Kedah,MalaysiafromSeptember18to19,2019.TheaimofCOMET2019wasto
present current and ongoing research being carried out in the field of mechanical,
manufacturing,electrical,andelectronicsforengineeringandtechnology.Besides,
thisbookalsocontainsmanuscriptsfromtheSystemEngineeringandEnergyLabo-
ratory(SEELAB)researchcluster,UniKLwhichisactivelydoingresearchmainly
focused on artificial intelligence, internet of things, metal–air batteries, advanced
battery materials, and energy material modelling fields. This volume is the fourth
edition of the progress in engineering technology, Advanced Structured Materials
whichprovidesin-depthongoingresearchactivitiesamongacademiaofUniKLMSI.
Lastly, it is hoped to foster cooperation among organizations and research in the
coveredfields.
Kulim,Malaysia MuhamadHusainiAbuBakar
Kulim,Malaysia MohdNurhidayatZahelem
EsslingenamNeckar,Germany AndreasÖchsner
v
Contents
1 Vibration Response of Magneto-Rheological Elastomer
SandwichPlates ............................................... 1
MuhammadHafizeZaini, MohdNurhidayatZahelem,
FaizatulAzwaZamri,andMuhamadHusainiAbuBakar
1.1 Introduction ............................................. 2
1.2 Methodology ............................................ 2
1.2.1 SamplePreparation ............................... 3
1.2.2 FabricationoftheSandwichStructuralPlate .......... 3
1.2.3 VibrationResponseTestSetup ...................... 4
1.3 ResultandDiscussions .................................... 5
1.3.1 MagneticFieldDetermination ...................... 5
1.3.2 EffectsofIronLoadingontheVibrationResponses .... 6
1.3.3 EffectsofIronLoadingontheStiffnessCoefficient .... 7
1.4 Conclusion .............................................. 7
References .................................................... 7
2 Nonlinear Control of a Magneto-Rheological Fluid
ElectrohydraulicPositioningSystem ............................ 9
SitiLydiaRahim, SulaimanMohdZulkifli,
andMuhamadHusainiAbuBakar
2.1 Introduction ............................................. 9
2.2 LiteratureReview ........................................ 11
2.3 ExperimentSetup ........................................ 11
2.4 ResultandDiscussion ..................................... 12
2.5 Conclusion .............................................. 14
References .................................................... 16
3 DevelopmentofaMagneto-RheologicalFluidPowertrain
forElectricVehicleApplications ................................ 19
MuhammadFaizShaefe,MuhammadIqbalMustakimZainun,
MohdNurhidayatZahelem,andMuhamadHusainiAbuBakar
3.1 Introduction ............................................. 20
3.2 LiteratureReview ........................................ 21
vii
viii Contents
3.3 MethodologyExperimentalSetUp .......................... 22
3.3.1 CADModelling .................................. 22
3.3.2 MRFPreparationProcess .......................... 24
3.3.3 StrainGaugeLoadSensorSetup .................... 25
3.3.4 Finite Element Method Magnetics (FEMM)
Analysis ......................................... 26
3.4 ResultsandDiscussion .................................... 26
3.4.1 CopperCoilCalibration ........................... 27
3.4.2 CurrentVersusTorqueTransmittance ................ 28
3.4.3 CurrentVersusPowerTransmissionEfficiency ........ 30
3.4.4 DistributionoftheMagneticFluxDensity ............ 31
3.5 Conclusions ............................................. 32
References .................................................... 32
4 GPU-AcceleratedVehicleDetectionforRoads ................... 35
AbdMunimAbdHalim, AhmadShafiqFikriIshak,
MuhamadHusainiAbuBakar,andPraneshKrishnan
4.1 Introduction ............................................. 36
4.2 Methods ................................................ 38
4.2.1 VehicleDetection ................................. 38
4.2.2 LaneDetection ................................... 39
4.3 ResultandDiscussion ..................................... 40
4.3.1 VehicleDetectionDuringtheDay ................... 40
4.3.2 MultipleClassVehicleDetection .................... 40
4.3.3 VehicleDetectionDuringNight ..................... 42
4.3.4 DetectionofLane ................................. 42
4.3.5 VehicleandLaneDetection ........................ 42
4.4 ConclusionandRecommendation .......................... 42
References .................................................... 45
5 AnomalyVehicleDetectionUsingDeepNeuralNetwork .......... 47
AbdMunimAbdHalim, MohdHamizanYaacob,
MuhamadHusainiAbuBakar,andPraneshKrishnan
5.1 Introduction ............................................. 48
5.1.1 ImageProcessing ................................. 48
5.1.2 VideoAnalysis ................................... 49
5.1.3 MachineLearning ................................ 49
5.2 Methods ................................................ 50
5.2.1 ImageProcessingUsingConvolutionalNeural
Network ......................................... 50
5.2.2 BuildingtheBoxforObjectDetection ............... 52
5.2.3 AnomalyDetectionModel ......................... 52
5.3 ResultandDiscussion ..................................... 54
5.3.1 Accuracy of the Detection at Nighttime
andDifferentWeather ............................. 54
5.3.2 CPUVersusnoGPU .............................. 55
Contents ix
5.4 ConclusionandRecommendation .......................... 56
References .................................................... 56
6 GPUAcceleratedSpeechRecognition ........................... 59
MohamadRosyidiAhmad, AhmadFakhriArifMatZaid,
MuhamadHusainiAbuBakar,MohdFauziAlias,andPraneshKrishnan
6.1 Introduction ............................................. 60
6.2 Methods ................................................ 61
6.3 SpeechRecognitionTechniques ............................ 61
6.4 ImplementationandAnalysis .............................. 62
6.5 CreatingthePhoneticDictionary ........................... 63
6.6 ConclusionandRecommendation .......................... 69
References .................................................... 69
7 Aluminum Nanoparticles Preparation via Plasma Arc
Discharge .................................................... 71
ShahruzamanSulaiman, AmirAinulAfifMahmud,
MuhamadHusainiAbuBakar,andAhamadZakiMohamedNoor
7.1 Introduction ............................................. 72
7.1.1 PlasmaArcDischargeNanofluidSynthesisSystem .... 72
7.2 Methodology ............................................ 73
7.3 ResultandDiscussion ..................................... 77
7.3.1 MicrographofSEMImagesandCliff-Lorimer
RatioMethod .................................... 78
7.4 Discussion .............................................. 79
7.5 Conclusion .............................................. 80
References .................................................... 81
8 Three-DimensionalImageReconstructionforAutomated
DefectDetectionatArtificialMetallicSurfaceSpecimens ......... 83
NorLiyanaMaskuri, MuhamadHusainiAbuBakar,
andAhmadKamalIsmail
8.1 Introduction ............................................. 84
8.2 Methodology ............................................ 85
8.2.1 ProposedMethod ................................. 85
8.2.2 ExperimentalSetup ............................... 85
8.2.3 SimulationDevelopmentUsingMATLAB ............ 87
8.2.4 ImageProcessing ................................. 87
8.3 ResultsandDiscussion .................................... 87
8.3.1 ImagePresentation ................................ 87
8.3.2 3-DImageReconstruction ......................... 88
8.4 Conclusions ............................................. 90
References .................................................... 91
x Contents
9 Additive Manufacturing Processes, Challenges
andApplications:AReview .................................... 93
FarooqI.Azam, AhmadMajdiAbdulRani,
MuhammadAl’HapisAbdulRazak, SadaqatAli,
andAbdul’azeezAbduAliyu
9.1 Introduction ............................................. 94
9.2 Stereolithography ........................................ 95
9.3 DigitalLightProcessing ................................... 95
9.4 FusedDepositionModeling ................................ 97
9.5 SelectiveLaserSintering .................................. 97
9.5.1 BindingMechanisminSLS ........................ 98
9.6 DirectMetalLaserSintering ............................... 100
9.7 SelectiveLaserMelting ................................... 100
9.7.1 RotatedStripPattern .............................. 101
9.7.2 AlternativeBlockPattern .......................... 101
9.8 ApplicationsofAdditiveManufacturing ..................... 102
9.8.1 Aerospace ....................................... 103
9.8.2 Medical ......................................... 105
9.8.3 Automotive ...................................... 106
9.8.4 OilandGas ...................................... 108
9.9 Conclusion .............................................. 109
References .................................................... 109
10 UsingaCorrectionFactortoRemoveMachineCompliance
inaTensileTestonDP1000SteelValidatedwith2DDigital
ImageCorrelationTechnique ................................... 113
NurrasyidahIzzatiRohaizat,KhaledAlharbi,ChristophePinna,
HassanGhadbeigi,DaveN.Hanlon,andIshakAbdulAzid
10.1 Introduction ............................................. 114
10.2 Literature ............................................... 114
10.3 Methodology ............................................ 115
10.3.1 Material ......................................... 115
10.3.2 TensileTestwithOptical2DDIC ................... 116
10.3.3 MachineComplianceCorrection .................... 116
10.4 ResultandDiscussion ..................................... 119
10.5 Conclusions ............................................. 122
References .................................................... 122
11 Productivity Improvement Through Improving
theWorkStationofManualAssemblyinProductionSystems ...... 125
MuhammadNazirulSyahmiNazri,MohdNorzaimiCheAni,
andIshakAbdulAzid
11.1 Introduction ............................................. 125
11.2 Literature ............................................... 127
11.3 Methodology ............................................ 129
11.4 ResultandDiscussion ..................................... 130