Progress in Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design PDF
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Progress in Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design Tomoyuki Kakeshita Editor Progress in Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design Editor TomoyukiKakeshita DivisionofMaterialsandManufacturingScience GraduateSchoolofEngineering OsakaUniversity Osaka,Japan ISBN978-4-431-54063-2 ISBN978-4-431-54064-9(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-4-431-54064-9 SpringerTokyoHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2012954004 #SpringerJapan2013 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionor informationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerpts inconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeing enteredandexecutedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplication ofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthe Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer.PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter. ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface This book is based on educational and research achievements under the Global COE Program “Center of Excellence for Advanced Structural and Functional Materials Design,” which was conducted between FY 2007 and 2011 at Osaka University, Japan. The Global COE Program was initiated to contribute to both fundamental and applied research in various fields of materials science and engineering. Under this program, we targeted a wide range of hard condensed materials (e.g., crystalline materials such as metals, ceramics, and semiconductor materials)andstudiedaspectssuchasphysicalproperties,functionalmechanisms, manufacturing processes, material structure, characterization of both bulk and nanostructures, evaluation of functionality, welding processes, and material recyclingflow. Toaccomplishtheaimoftheprogram,researchersfromthefollowingdivisions, institutes, and centers at Osaka University collaborated: the Division of Materials and Manufacturing Science, the Department of Adaptive Machine System, the CenterforAtomicandMolecularTechnologies,theJoiningandWeldingResearch Institute,theInstituteofScientificandIndustrialResearch,andtheResearchCenter for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy. Through enhanced collaboration amongresearchersfromtheabove-mentioneddepartments,wedesignedanddevel- oped advanced materials with a strong emphasis on their production and application. Advancedmaterialsstudied under theGlobalCOEProgram includedstructural materials used in buildings and transportation, functional and intelligent materials essentialformicromachines,semiconductoroptoelectronics,andspintronicsdevices (e.g., ultra-high-density data-storage media and lasers for advanced information technologies),aswellasbiomaterialsusedinthemedicalandsocialwelfarefields. Weclassifiedresearchontheseadvancedmaterialsintothefollowingthreeprojects: (a)AdvancedMaterialsResearchProjectforStructuralApplications;(b)Advanced Materials Research Project for Combined Structural and Functional Applications; and(c)AdvancedMaterialsResearchProjectforFunctionalApplications. v vi Preface ThisbookdescribesselectedtopicsinvestigatedundertheGlobalCOEProgram. Every chapter is aimed at an understanding of the most advanced research in materialssciencebydescribingitsfundamentalsanddetails.Becausebothgeneral explanationsandcutting-edgecommentariesoneachtopicaregiveninthisbook,it provides a large amount of useful information to interested readers as well as to materials scientists and engineers who wish to understand the direction of future development in the materials science fields of metals, alloys, ceramics, and semiconductors,amongothers.Inparticular,thisbookdealswiththespecialfusion area of structural and functional materials such as medical bone materials. These contents are unique features for a materials science textbook. Each chapter is a complete unit in itself; thus, readers can peruse any chapter they choose without havingtorefertootherchapters. WearegratefulforthefinancialsupportfortheGlobalCOEProgramfromthe MinistryofEducation,Culture,Sports,ScienceandTechnology,Japan.Thisbook is dedicated to students who harbor ambitions of designing new materials by themselves. TomoyukiKakeshita Leader,“CenterofExcellencefor AdvancedStructuralandFunctional MaterialsDesign,”GlobalCOEProgram Contents PartI AdvancedMaterialsResearchProject forStructuralApplications 1 AdvancedMaterialsDesignwithForming. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 HiroshiUtsunomiyaandRyoMatsumoto 2 FabricationofPorousMetalswithSlender DirectionalPores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 HideoNakajima 3 ModelingofArcWeldingProcess. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 YoshinoriHirata 4 AdvancedMaterialsDesignUsingLasers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 TomokazuSanoandAkioHirose 5 AdvancedMaterialDesignsUsingFriction StirWeldingTechnique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 HidetoshiFujii 6 AdvancedAnalysisofSurfaceFilmsFormed onPassiveMetalsandAlloysUsingX-ray PhotoelectronSpectroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 ShinjiFujimoto 7 AdvancedNumericalSimulationsofMicro-, Macro-,andMega-ScaleStructurization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 MasahitoMochizuki 8 AdvancedAnalysisofSolidificationbyX-rayImaging. . . . . . . . . . 93 HideyukiYasudaandTomoyaNagira vii viii Contents PartII AdvancedMaterialsResearchProject forCombinedStructuralandFunctionalApplications 9 AdvancedMaterialsDesignbyMicrostructure ControlUnderMagneticField. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 TomoyukiKakeshitaandTakashiFukuda 10 Eco-FriendlyMaterialsRecyclingProcessing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 ToshihiroTanakaandMasanoriSuzuki 11 AdvancedMaterialsDesignbyElectrochemical Approach:Self-OrganizingAnodization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 HiroakiTsuchiya 12 AdvancedMaterialsDesignbyIrradiation ofHighEnergyParticles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 TakeshiNagase 13 AdvancedAnalysisandControlofBone MicrostructureBasedonaMaterialsScientific StudyIncludingMicrobeamX-rayDiffraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 TakayoshiNakano,TakuyaIshimoto, NaokoIkeo,andAiraMatsugaki 14 AdvancedMaterialsDesignbyControlling TransformationTemperatureUsingMagneticField. . . . . . . . . . . . 169 TakashiFukudaandTomoyukiKakeshita 15 AdvancedMaterialsDesignforFe-Based ShapeMemoryAlloysThroughStructuralControl. . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 HiroyukiY.Yasuda PartIII AdvancedMaterialsResearchProject forFunctionalApplications 16 FabricationofPhotonicCrystalsby StereolithographyTechnique. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 SoshuKirihara 17 Design,Fabrication,andPropertiesofNanomaterials UsingUltrathinFilmTechniques. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 YuShiratsuchi 18 AdvancedMaterialsDesignviaLow-Damage PlasmaProcesses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 YuichiSetsuhara 19 AdvancedAnalysisofMagneticStructureinMaterials. . . . . . . . . . 237 TomoyukiTeraiandTomoyukiKakeshita Contents ix 20 AdvancedMaterialsDesignbyLithographyTechnique. . . . . . . . . 249 RyoichiNakatani 21 AdvancedMaterialsDesignofRare-Earth-Doped SemiconductorsbyOrganometallicVaporPhaseEpitaxy. . . . . . . . 261 YasufumiFujiwara,YoshikazuTerai,andAtsushiNishikawa 22 AdvancedAnalysisofDefectFormations andPhaseTransformationsinNanoparticles byInSituTransmissionElectronMicroscopy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 HidehiroYasuda Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
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