FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 vi FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 Profitability and Systematic Trading i FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 Founded in 1807, John Wiley & Sons is the oldest independent publish- ingcompanyintheUnitedStates.WithofficesinNorthAmerica,Europe, AustraliaandAsia,Wileyisgloballycommittedtodevelopingandmarket- ing print and electronic products and services for our customers’ profes- sionalandpersonalknowledgeandunderstanding. TheWileyTradingseriesfeaturesbooksbytraderswhohavesurvived the market’s ever changing temperament and have prospered—some by reinventing systems, others by getting back to basics. Whether a novice trader, professional or somewhere in-between, these books will provide theadviceandstrategiesneededtoprospertodayandwellintothefuture. Foralistofavailabletitles,visitourWebsiteatwww.WileyFinance.com. ii FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 Profitability and Systematic Trading MICHAEL HARRIS John Wiley & Sons, Inc. iii FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 Copyright(cid:1)C 2008byMichaelHarris.Allrightsreserved. PublishedbyJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,Hoboken,NewJersey. PublishedsimultaneouslyinCanada. 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Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsin printmaynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks.FormoreinformationaboutWileyproducts, visitourwebsiteatwww.wiley.com. Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedas trademarks.InallinstanceswhereJohnWiley&Sons,Inc.isawareofaclaim,theproduct namesappearininitialcapitalorallcapitalletters.Readers,however,shouldcontactthe appropriatecompaniesformorecompleteinformationregardingtrademarksandregistration. LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData: Harris,Michael,1958– Profitabilityandsystematictrading:aquantitativeapproachtoprofitability,risk,and moneymanagement/MichaelHarris. p.cm.–(Wileytradingseries) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-22908-8(cloth) 1.Stockpriceforecasting. 2.Investmentanalysis. 3.Speculation. I.Title. HG4637.H3725 2008 332.63(cid:2)228–dc22 2007050508 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 iv FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 ToEmmy,ChristineandKatherine v FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 vi FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 Contents Preface xi Acknowledgments xv About the Author xvii Disclaimer xix PART I Foundations 1 CHAPTER 1 The Market 3 ATrader’sPerspective 3 Futures,Equity,andForexMarkets 6 WhichMarketShouldITradeIn? 15 CHAPTER 2 The Zero-Sum Game of Trading 17 TheCounterargument 18 TheWinnersandLosers 18 Zero-SumTradingMarkets 19 RareExceptionstotheRule 20 DealingwiththeRealitiesoftheZero-SumGame 22 CHAPTER 3 Trading Methods and Time Frames 25 TradingMethods 25 TradingTimeFrames 29 vii FM JWBK136-Harris March25,2008 12:41 CharCount=0 viii CONTENTS PARTII PROFITABILITY AND RISK 43 CHAPTER 4 The Profitability Rule 45 QualitativeversusQuantitative 45 DerivationoftheProfitabilityRule 46 TheFundamentalLawofTradingStrategies 50 EffectofCommissionsonProfitability 53 ProfitabilityandTradingTimeFrames 56 Examples 60 CHAPTER 5 Risk and Money Management 63 TheProbabilityofRuin 64 TheFundamentalLawofRiskandMoneyManagement 67 PositionSizing 73 TheRiskPercentMethod 76 MartingaleversusAnti-MartingaleBettingStrategies 78 RiskandMoneyManagementPlan 78 Examples 80 PART III Systematic Trading 83 CHAPTER 6 Analysis of Trading Systems 85 SimplicityversusComplexity 86 TradingSystemModeling 87 TradingSystemDevelopmentandBackTesting 91 PitfallsofBackTesting 98 CHAPTER 7 Synthesis of Trading Systems 105 FromAnalysistoSynthesis 106 TheProcessofSynthesis 108 AnalysisversusSynthesis 111 ExamplesofTradingSystemSynthesis 111 AttheEndoftheDay... 134
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