PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF APPLE ORCHARDS IN SHIMLA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL ...

124 Pages·2013·1.35 MB·English

PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS OF APPLE ORCHARDS
IN SHIMLA DISTRICT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

Thesis

by

K. KIREETI

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of degree of

MASTER OF SCIENCE (Ag.)

AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

1985

COLLEGE OF FORESTRY
Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of
Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni,
Solan - 173 230, (HP) INDIA
2013
Dr. L.R. SHARMA Department of Social Sciences
(Professor & Head) Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of
Horticulture and Forestry,

Nauni-Solan-173 230 (HP)

CERTIFICATE-I

This is to certify that the thesis entitled, "Productivity analysis of apple
orchards in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh", submitted in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for the award of degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE (Ag.) AGRICULTURAL
ECONOMICS to Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,
Nauni, Solan (HP) is a bonafide record of research work carried out by Mr. K. Kireeti (F-
2011-02-M) under my guidance and supervision. No part of this thesis has been
submitted for any other degree or diploma.

The assistance and help received during the course of investigation has
been fully acknowledged.

Place: Nauni-Solan ( Dr. L.R.Sharma )
Dated: Chairman
Advisory committee
CERTIFICATE-II

This is to certify that thesis entitled “Productivity Analysis of Apple
Orchards in Shimla District of Himachal Pradesh”, submitted by Mr. K. Kireeti
(F-11-02-M) to Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,
Nauni, Solan (HP), in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree
of MASTER OF SCIENCE (Ag.) AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS has been approved by
the Student’s Advisory Committee after an oral examination of the same in
collaboration with the internal examiner.

Dr. L.R. Sharma Dr.D.R. Bharadwaj
Prof. & Head Professor
(Dept. of Social Sciences) (Dept. of SAF)
Chairman Internal Examiner
Advisory Committee

Members, Advisory Committee

Dr. P.S. Chauhan Dr. Ravinder Sharma
Professor and Head Professor
(Dept. of Fruit Sciences) (Dept. of Social Sciences)

Dr. M.K. Vaidya Dr. R. K. Gupta
Professor Professor
(Dept. of Social Sciences) (Dept. of Basic Sciences)

Dr.S.S. Sharma
Professor
(Dept. of Basic Sciences)
Dean’s Nominee

Professor and Head
Dept. of Social Sciences

Dean
College of Forestry
CERTIFICATE-III

This is to certify that all the mistakes and errors pointed out by the external
examiner have been incorporated in the thesis entitled, “Productivity analysis of apple
orchards in Shimla district of Himachal Pradesh " submitted to Dr. Y. S. Parmar
University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP) by Mr. K. Kireeti
(F-2011-02-M) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE (Ag.) AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS.

______________________
Dr. L.R. SHARMA
Chairman
Advisory Committee

______________________________
Professor and Head
Department of Social Sciences
Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry
Nauni, Solan (H.P.) 173 230
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T

Above Everything: All the praise is to the “A L M I G H T Y”. Creator & sustainer of the
heavens & the earth & all that is within them, the ‘’Eternal & Absolute’’, to whom alone ‘’All the Worship
is Due’’. Let his intensified mercy shower upon all the people in the path of truth and those upon whom
he has shown his favour.

I avail this opportunity to express my deep sense of reverence to my Guruji Dr. L. R. Sharma,
Chairman, advisory committee for the constructive implications of his knowledge & wisdom, unfailing
patience, personal care, incessant guidance & synergetic efforts in structuring & as to fabricate this
manuscript through all its phases which nurtured this research project in right direction.

I thank all my advisory committee members Dr. Ravinder Sharma for his advice & whole-
hearted-co-operation, Dr. M.K. Vaidya for his unbounded support, Dr. R.K. Gupta for his aid &
encouragement and Dr. P.S. Chauhan for his critical comments & help and also for all their useful
substantial assistance rendered during this period of investigation & preparation of the thesis.

Thanks are also due to Dr. D.D. Sharma & Dr. Subhash Sharma for their courage & effective
suggestions during the project work and preparation of this manuscript. Also I am immensely thankful to
each & every one of my “School Teachers” for “My Stand in Life Today”.

How shall i express my gratitude for my lifetime indebtedness to my beloved Father Sri. Kuruva
Uligappa garu (Appaji) & my darling Mother Smt. Kuruva Vijaya Lakhshmi garu (Ammaji) for their
prayers, love, unremitting patience & support without which fulfillment of this endeavor would not have
been possible. My success is also due to the prayers of my little sister Ashritha Kuruva (Chelli). It is
also to mention espousal & patience of my dearest pal Vahiny (Bujjy) and all her prayers for my
wellbeing. Thanks to my Amamma, Chote mamu & Didi, Nagendra bava & family, Naveen bava &
family for their love, support & blessings.

Its never late to cite, but true that the company of “The Good Fellas” from my school, who
gave many best moments of life to reminisce are Harsh, Hari 2, Sunny, Hiday, Zubair, Chanti, Gibbs,
Deepu & whose friendship gave me enough strength to get through all mind numbing circumstances.
The days in “Nauni Natural” were cheerful & memorable due to Swamy, Kairon, Saurav, Rakesh,
Romee, Manty & Tanu, Chand bhai, Chaman aate, Attri bhai, Vikram Bharata, King & Andy, Nane
bhai, Deepak Bob & Sanjiv, Navy & Miyan, Chiru, Shilpa, Nisha & Many more whom I didn’t
mention.

My special thanks to Anil Singha ji, Vikas Rohta Sir & Praneet Chauhan for their assistance in
my stay & during the proceedings of my research survey.

Thanks are also due to staff of the Department of Social Sciences, & university for their
valuable help & cooperation.

I thank all the well-wishers those who helped me in material or immaterial during
“The Nauni Chapter of My Life”.

Place: Nauni, Solan
Dated: Sep’2013. ( K I R E E T I . K )
CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE(S)

1 INTRODUCTION 1-3
2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4 - 28
3 METHODOLOGY 29 - 41
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 42 – 91
5 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 92 – 100
6 REFERNCES 101-105
ABSTRACT 106

APPENDICES i - vii
LIST OF TABLES

Table TITLE Page
Compound growth of area, production and productivity of apple in various
4.1 43
regions during 1973-74 to 2011-12
Comparative analysis of apple productivity of major apple producing
4.2 44
countries
District wise changes in area of apple in Himachal Pradesh, (1973-74 to
4.3 46
2011-12)
District wise changes in production of apple in Himachal Pradesh, (1973-74
4.4 48
to 2011-12)
District wise changes in productivity of apple in Himachal Pradesh, (1973-74
4.5 49
to 2011-12)
4.6 Inter-district comparative analysis of apple productivity in Himachal Pradesh 51
Contribution of yield and area in the production of apples in different districts
4.7 52
of Himachal Pradesh, 1973-74 to 2011-12
Contribution of yield and area in the production of apples in different
4.8 53
regions, 1973-74 to 2011-12
Area (ha) under different categories of apple in Narkanda block of Shimla
4.9 55
district, 2006
4.10 Type & size of the family & male /female divide in the study area, 2012-13 56
Distribution of family members according to the age group of the sampled
4.11 58
farms in the study area, 2012-13
4.12 Marital status of family members in the study area, 2012-13 59
Distribution of workers and non- workers on sampled orchards in the study
4.13 60
area, 2012-13
Literacy status of the family members in various sample apple orchard farms,
4.14 61
2012-13
Main and subsidiary occupation of the family members in the study region,
4.15 62
2012-13
4.16 Land use pattern of sampled apple growers in the study area, 2012-13 64
Average area under different crops on different altitudinal zones of farm in
4.17 65
the study area, 2012-13
Average number of bearing and non-bearing plants of apple in the study area,
4.18 65
2012-13
Table TITLE Page
Average number of livestock on different categories of farms in the study
4.19 66
area, 2012-13
Average investment per farm on different farm implements in different
4.20 68
elevation zones of the study area, 2012-13
Farmer’s distribution and their average value of managerial skill index (MSI)
4.21 69
in the study area, 2012-13
4.22 Elevation wise managerial skill index of study sample, 2011-12 70
4.23 Elevation wise productivity analysis of study sample 71
4.24 Productivity differences in different elevations of the study area 71
Distribution of households according to the gross apple income structure in
4.25 73
the study region, 2012-13
Initial costs of apple orchards of Shimla district (per 100 plants) in the study
4.26 75
sample
Maintenance cost of non - bearing apple per hundred apple plants in the
4.27 76
orchards of Shimla district (study sample), 2012-13
4.28 Cumulative establishment cost per apple tree in Narkanda block 77
Maintenance cost of bearing apple per hundred plants on the orchards of
4.29 78
Shimla district (study sample), 2012-13
Maintenance cost, yield & returns from apple orchards during bearing stage
4.30 80
in Himachal (per 100 plants), 2012-13
4.31 Multiple regression analysis (log linear regression) 82
Marginal value products and factor price ratios (MVPx /Px) in sampled
4.32 i i 83
farms under pooled condition.
4.33 Farmers' perception regarding the climate change 84
4.34 Problems faced by the farmers in production of apple 86
4.35 Problems faced by the farmers in marketing of apple 90
LIST OF FIGURES

Sr. Page
TITLE
No Number
1 Selection of the study site (Narkanda block) 30
2 Schematic representation of the sampling frame 32
Annual average productivity (apple) of the major apple producing countries during 1973-
3 44
74 to 2011-12
4 Trends in area under apple in Himachal Pradesh (ha), 1973-74 to 2011-12 47
5 Trends in production of apple in Himachal Pradesh (MT), 1973-74 to 2011-12 48
6 Trends in productivity of apple in Himachal Pradesh (MT/ ha), 1973-74 to 2011-12 50
Annual average productivity (apple) of the apple producing districts of Himachal Pradesh
7 51
during 1973-74 to 2011-12
8 Percentage contribution due to yield & area in production 52
9 Gender split of farm families (study sample) based on age groups, 2012-13 57
10 Literacy status of the farm families of the study sample (percentage), 2012-13 61
11 Primary occupation by major sectors in the study sample, 2012 -13 63
12 Managerial skill index (MSI) of the orchardists (study sample), 2012-13 69
13 Mean productivities of different altitudinal zones 72
ABBREVIATIONS
TTTT : Indian National Rupee
$ : United States Dollar
% : Per cent
& : And
@ : At the rate
B : Bearing
CD : Critical Difference
CV : Coefficient of Variation
DOH : Department of Horticulture
et al. : et alii (Co- workers)
FAO : Food and Agricultural Organization
FYM : Farm Yard Manure
GDP : Gross Domestic Product
HP : Himachal Pradesh
ha : Hectare
i.e. : That is to say
J&K : Jammu & Kashmir
kg : Kilogram
amsl : Above Mean Sea Level
MT : Metric Ton
MSI : Managerial Skill Index
MPS : Mean Perception Score
MVP/MFC : Marginal Value Product/ Marginal Factor Cost
NB : Non Bearing
No. : Number
SD : Standard Deviation
Q : Quintal