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Processing and finishing of polymeric materials PDF

1476 Pages·2011·89.937 MB·English
by  Wiley
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Processing and Finishing of Polymeric Materials Volume 1 Processing and Finishing of Polymeric Materials Editorial Staff Vice President, STMS Books: Janet Bailey Executive Editor: Arza Seidel Associate Developmental Editor: Erin Arndt Production Manager: Shirley Thomas Senior Production Editor: Kristen Parrish Illustration Manager: Dean Gonzalez Processing and Finishing of Polymeric Materials Volume 1 ® WI LEY A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC., PUBLICATION Copyright © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmit- ted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scan- ning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clear- ance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permis- sion should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Ill River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permission. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with re- spect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. No warranty may be created or extended by sales representatives or written sales materials. The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for your situation. You should consult with a professional where appropriate. Neither the publisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, out- side the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that ap- pears in print may not be available in electronic format. For more information about Wiley products, visit our web site at www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Processing and finishing of polymeric materials. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 978-0-470-88917-6 (hardback) 1. Plastics-Encyclopedias. 2. Polymers-Encyclopedias. 3. Polymerization-Encyclopedias. TP1110.P76 2011 620.1'923-dc22 2011002985 Printed in Singapore 10 987654321 CONTENTS Volume 1 Additives 1 Annealing 20 Antifoaming Agents 32 Antistatic Agents 50 Blending 86 Bleaching Agents 144 Blow Molding 182 Blowing Agents 227 Calendering 239 Carbon Black 254 Casting 293 Coating Methods, Powder Technology 310 Coating Methods, Spray 343 Coating Methods, Survey 352 Coatings 387 Coextrusion 461 Coloring Processes 485 Compression and Transfer Molding 494 Composites, Fabrication 521 Compounding 562 Crystallization Kinetics 576 Decorating 609 Dielectric Heating 629 Drying 651 Dyeing 684 Volume 2 Electrospinning 747 Embedding 766 Extrusion 795 Films, Manufacture 857 Injection Molding 879 Machining 911 Metallizing 947 Microcellular Plastics 987 Mixing 1005 Pelletizing 1018 Plasma Processing 1026 v Plastics Processing 1066 Processing, Modeling 1094 Radiation Curing 1118 Recycling, Plastics 1148 Reinforcement 1169 Rotational Molding 1190 Rubber Compounding 1202 Sheeting 1260 Solid-State Extrusion 1280 Stabilization 1296 Supercritical Fluids 1346 Thermoforming 1381 Index 1411 vi PREFACE Owing to their versatility and wide range of applications, polymeric materials are of great commercial importance. Manufacturing processes of commercial products are designed to meet the requirements of the final product and are influenced by the physical and chemical properties of the polymeric material used. The two-volume set Processing and Finishing of Polymeric Materials offers over 45 self-contained articles written by prominent scholars from around the world. The articles provide comprehensive, up-to-date information on key manu- facturing technologies, including blending, compounding, extrusion, molding, coating, and more. Containing carefully selected reprints from Wiley's renowned Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology and additional sources that also appear online, as well as new contributions, this reference features the same breadth and quality of coverage and clarity of presentation found in the original. This reliable refer- ence will be of particular interest to polymer and materials scientists, chemists, chemical engineers, process engineers, students, researchers, and educators in re- lated fields, and consultants and suppliers in the plastic and related industries. VII

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