Problems of integration of refugees and internally displaced persons in Serbia

132 Pages·2010·2.28 MB·English

Palacký University
Faculty of Science

Department of Geography
International Development Studies

Bc. Marea Grinvald

Problems of integration of refugees
and internally displaced persons in Serbia

Master Thesis

Supervisor: RNDr. Miloš FŇUKAL, Ph.D.
Olomouc, 2010
I declare in lieu of oath that I wrote this thesis myself. All information derived from the
work of others has been acknowledged in the text and a list of references is given.

Olomouc, 6.8. 2010. ….…………………………………
signature
Vysoká škola: Univerzita Palackého Fakulta: Přírodovědecká

Katedra: Rozvojových studií Školní rok: 2008/09

ZADÁNÍ DIPLOMOVÉ PRÁCE

student

Marea GRINVALD

obor
Mezinárodní rozvojová studia

Název práce:

Problémy integrace uprchlíků a vnitřně vysídlených osob v Srbsku

Problems of integration of refugees and internally displaced persons in Serbia

Zásady pro vypracování:

Cílem diplomové práce je komplexní analýza problémů integrace uprchlíků a vnitřně
vysídlených osob v Srbsku v období po rozpadu SFRJ. Práce bude vypracována v anglickém
jazyce.

Struktura práce:

1. Úvod
2. Cíle práce
3. Metodika
4. Kritický přehled literatury
5. Vysvětlení pojmů “uprchlík” a “vnitřně vysídlená osoba”, podobnosti a rozdíly
6. Problematika integrace
6.1. Právní postavení
6.2. Zaměstnání
6.3. Ubytování
6.4. Sociální a zdravotní péče
6.5. Vzdělání
7. Případová studie – uprchlický tábor (předběžně Grocka)
8. Závěr
9. Shrnutí (v češtině a srbštině)
10. Seznam literatury, případné přílohy
Diplomová práce bude zpracována v těchto kontrolovaných etapách: vytvoření výběrové
bibliografie (leden 2009), rešerše literárních pramenů (červen 2009), terénní šetření (léto
2009), analytická část práce (podzim 2009), zpracování výsledků (podzim a zima 2010),
formulace závěrů (březen 2010), odevzdání (květen 2010)

Rozsah grafických prací: cca 80 stran textů, grafy, mapy a tabulky dle potřeby

Rozsah průvodní zprávy: cca 25 000 slov základního textu + práce včetně všech příloh
v elektronické podobě

Seznam odborné literatury:

bude upřesněn v průběhu práce, předběžně:
Internetové stránky UNHCR Serbia - http://www.unhcr.org.yu/
Internetové stránky Republika Srbija, Komesarijat za izbeglice -
http://www.kirs.sr.gov.yu/articles/index.php?lang=SER
Nacionalna strategija za rešavanje pitanja izbeglih i interno raseljenih lica, 2002. Dostupné
na: http://www.kirs.sr.gov.yu/docs/nacionalna_strategija_izb_i_irl.pdf
Izveštaj sa registracije izbeglica u Republici Srbiji 2005. godine, 2007. Dostupné na:
http://www.kirs.sr.gov.yu/docs/Registracija_izbeglica_u_Srbiji_2005.pdf
Informacija o programima za izbeglice. Dostupné na:
http://www.kirs.sr.gov.yu/docs/Prog_integracije.pdf
Integracija kao dugoročno rešenje za izbeglice i raseljena lica u Srbiji, 2006. Dostupné na:
http://www.nshc.org.yu/pdf/ssi/ssi_integracija_2006_lat.pdf

Vedoucí diplomové práce: Miloš Fňukal

Datum zadání diplomové práce: 3. 11. 2008

Termín odevzdání diplomové práce: 12. 5. 2010

vedoucí katedry vedoucí diplomové práce
Acknowledgement

Foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor RNDr. Miloš
FŇUKAL, Ph.D. for his worthful guidance and support. Besides my supervisor, my
sincere thanks go to Saša Trbusić, without whom my field work would not be
possible, to my family and last but not least, to my close friends from Ovkavačavica.
List of Contents
List of Abbrevations ............................................................................................ 9
List of Figures ................................................................................................... 11
List of Tables..................................................................................................... 12
1. Introduction ................................................................................................... 13
2. Research aims .............................................................................................. 15
3. Organization of the thesis ............................................................................. 16
4. Refugees...................................................................................................... 18
4.1. Defining a refugee .................................................................................. 18
4.2. The problem of “fear of persecution” as a status defining criteria ........... 20
4.3. Global figures ......................................................................................... 21
4.4. International actors ................................................................................. 23
5. Internally displaced persons......................................................................... 26
5.1. (Problematic) definition of internally displaced persons .......................... 26
5.2. Categorization of IDPs ......................................................................... 27
5.3. Global figures ................................................................................... 29
5.4 Key documents and legal protection .................................................... 30
5.5 International actors .............................................................................. 32
6. Main differences and similarities between refugees and IDPs ...................... 34
7. Refugees and IDPs in Serbia ........................................................................ 38
7.1. Causes of displacement in Serbia .......................................................... 38
7.2. Migration flows to Serbia ........................................................................ 43
7.2.1. Refugees ......................................................................................... 43
7.2.2. Internally displaced people .............................................................. 45
7.3. Current trends and figures ...................................................................... 47
7.3.1. Refugees ......................................................................................... 47
7.3.2. Internally displaced people .............................................................. 49
7.4. Legal protection and key documents ...................................................... 51
7.5. International and national actors ............................................................ 56
8. The concept of integration and its measurement .......................................... 59
9. (Problems of) Integration of refugees and IDPs in Serbia ............................. 62
9.1. Access to documents ............................................................................. 62
9.2. Housing .................................................................................................. 67
9.3. Economic (in)dependence ...................................................................... 70
9.4. Education ............................................................................................... 75
9.5. Access to health care ............................................................................. 79
10. Case study .................................................................................................. 83
10.1. Methodology ......................................................................................... 83
10.2. General information on collective center ORA Radinac........................ 85
10.3. Survey findings ..................................................................................... 86
10.3.1. General information on the target group ........................................ 86
10.3.2. Household information ................................................................... 86
10.3.3. Parental education and employment .............................................. 89
10.3.4. Children’s education and ambitions ............................................... 92
10.3.5. Financing of education ................................................................... 95
10.3.6. Children‘s integration in the school environment ........................... 96
11. Conclusion ................................................................................................ 100
12. Summary (Сажетак, Shrnutí).................................................................... 102
13. List of references ...................................................................................... 105
14. Annexes .................................................................................................... 123
14.1. Research Announcement in ORA Radinac ........................................ 123
14.2. Questionnarie used in the field-research ............................................ 124
14.3. Translation of a questionnarie used in the field-research ................... 129
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List of Abbrevations
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
COE Council of Europe
DRC Danish Refugee Council
EU European Union
EUR Euro
FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
GPID Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement
ICG International Crisis Group
ICRC International Committee of the Red Cross
IDMC Internal Displacement Monitoring Center
IDP Internally Displaced Person
INEE Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies
IOM Internatinoal Organization for Migration
IRO International Refugee Organization
JMBG Jedinstveni Matični Broj Građana
(Unique Master CitizenNumber)
KFOR Kosovo Forces
KIRS Komesarijat za izbeglice Republike Srbije
(The Commissariat for Refugees of the Republic of Serbia)
KLA Kosovo Liberation Army
KPA Kosovo Property Agency
MPG Migration Policy Group
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NES The National Employment Service of the Republic of Serbia
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
9
NRC Norwegian Refugee Council
NSHC Novosadski Humanitarni Centar
(Novi Sad Humanitarian Center)
ORA Omladinska Radna Akcija (Youth Work Actions)
OSCE Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
PIGS Provisional Institutions of Self-Government
RAE Roma, Ashkalians, Egyptians
SFRY Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
SSI Srpski savet za izbeglice (Serbian Refugee Council)
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNGA United Nations General Assembly
UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund
UNIFEM United Nations Development Fund For Women
UNMIK United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo
UNPROFOR UN Protection Force
UNRISD United Nations Research Institute for Social Development
UNRRA United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
UNRWA United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine
Refugees in the Near East
UN-HABITAT United Nations Human Settlements Programme
UN OCHA United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs
USAID United States Agency for International Development
UN WFP United Nations World Food Programme
WHO World Health Organization
10
List of Figures
Figure 1: Main source countries of refugees (under UNHCR mandate) at the
end of 2009 ...................................................................................................... 22
Figure 2: IDPs according to the level of vulnerability ........................................ 28
Figure 3: Refugee and IDP trends since 1989. Numbers include only conflict
and violence-induced displacement .................................................................. 35
Figure 4: Territorial distribution of ethnic groups in SFRY in 1989 .................... 39
Figure 5: Territorial distribution of ethnic groups in SFRY in 1999 ................... 42
Figure 6: Population displacements in SFRY from 1991 till 2001 ..................... 44
Figure 7: Number of refugees according to the state and year of arrival to
Serbia ............................................................................................................... 45
Figure 8: Number of refugees in Serbia from 1992 till 2010 .............................. 47
Figure 9: Return of ethnic Serbs to Kosovo 2000-2009 .................................... 51
Figure 10: The indicators of integration of framework ...................................... 61
Figure 11: Basic documents lacked by IDPs (in %) ......................................... 64
Figure 12: Primary school enrolment rates in Serbia (in %) .............................. 77
Figure 13: Access to health care (in %) ............................................................ 80
Figure 14: Reasons why children were not vaccinated .................................... 81
Figure 15: Household composition - number of members and the structure
(in %) ................................................................................................................ 87
Figure 16: Perception of the atmosphere in the households (in%).................... 88
Figure 17:Parental education and employment................................................. 90
Figure 18: Current educational status of children from the center (in absolute
numbers) ........................................................................................................... 92
Figure 19: Main causes for boys (B) and girls (G) from the center to feel they
do not belong in the school ............................................................................... 97
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