Pro Android C++ with the NDK

403 Pages·2012·5.27 MB·English

by  Onur Cinar (auth.)

Pro Android C++
with the NDK
Onur Cinar
Apress
Pro Android C++ with the NDK
Copyright © 2012 by Onur Cinar
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Dedicated to my son Deren, my wife Sema, and my parents, Zekiye and Dogan, for their love,
continuous support, and always encouraging me to pursue my dreams.
I could not have done this without all of you.
—Onur Cinar
Contents at a Glance
About the Author ...............................................................................................................xix
About the Technical Reviewer ...........................................................................................xxi
Preface ............................................................................................................................xxiii
■ Chapter 1: Getting Started with C++ on Android ...............................................................1
■ Chapter 2: Exploring the Android NDK .............................................................................41
■ Chapter 3: Communicating with Native Code using JNI ..................................................67
■ Chapter 4: Auto-Generate JNI Code Using SWIG ..............................................................95
■ Chapter 5: Logging, Debugging, and Troubleshooting ...................................................127
■ Chapter 6: Bionic API Primer .........................................................................................155
■ Chapter 7: Native Threads .............................................................................................179
■ Chapter 8: POSIX Socket API: Connection-Oriented Communication ............................209
■ Chapter 9: POSIX Socket API: Connectionless Communication .....................................247
■ Chapter 10: POSIX Socket API: Local Communication ...................................................259
■ Chapter 11: C++ Support ...............................................................................................275
v
vi Contents at a Glance
■ Chapter 12: Native Graphics API ...................................................................................285
■ Chapter 13: Native Sound API .......................................................................................335
■ Chapter 14: Profi ling and NEON Optimization ...............................................................363
Index .................................................................................................................................381
Contents
About the Author ...............................................................................................................xix
About the Technical Reviewer ...........................................................................................xxi
Preface ............................................................................................................................xxiii
■ Chapter 1: Getting Started with C++ on Android ...............................................................1
Microsoft Windows ........................................................................................................................2
Downloading and Installing the Java Development Kit on Windows .....................................................................2
Downloading and Installing the Apache ANT on Windows .....................................................................................6
Downloading and Installing the Android SDK on Windows ....................................................................................8
Downloading and Installing the Cygwin on Windows ..........................................................................................11
Downloading and Installing the Android NDK on Windows ..................................................................................14
Downloading and Installing the Eclipse on Windows ..........................................................................................16
Apple Mac OS X ...........................................................................................................................17
Installing Xcode on Mac ......................................................................................................................................18
Validating the Java Development Kit on Mac ......................................................................................................19
Validating the Apache ANT on Mac ......................................................................................................................19
Validating the GNU Make .....................................................................................................................................19
Downloading and Installing the Android SDK on Mac ..........................................................................................20
Downloading and Installing the Android NDK on Mac .........................................................................................22
Downloading and Installing the Eclipse on Mac ..................................................................................................23
vii
viii Contents
Ubuntu Linux ...............................................................................................................................25
Checking the GNU C Library Version ....................................................................................................................25
Enabling the 32-Bit Support on 64-Bit Systems ..................................................................................................25
Downloading and Installing the Java Development Kit on Linux .........................................................................26
Downloading and Installing the Apache ANT on Linux .........................................................................................26
Downloading and Installing the GNU Make on Linux ...........................................................................................27
Downloading and Installing the Android SDK on Linux ........................................................................................28
Downloading and Installing the Android NDK on Linux ........................................................................................29
Downloading and Installing the Eclipse on Linux ................................................................................................31
Downloading and Installing the ADT ............................................................................................32
Installing the Android Platform Packages ............................................................................................................35
Confi guring the Emulator .....................................................................................................................................36
Summary .....................................................................................................................................39
■ Chapter 2: Exploring the Android NDK .............................................................................41
Components Provided with the Android NDK ..............................................................................41
Structure of the Android NDK ......................................................................................................42
Starting with an Example ............................................................................................................43
Specifying the Android NDK Location ..................................................................................................................43
Importing the Sample Project ..............................................................................................................................44
Adding Native Support to Project ........................................................................................................................47
Running the Project .............................................................................................................................................48
Building from the Command Line ........................................................................................................................49
Examining the Structure of an Android NDK Project ............................................................................................50
Build System ...............................................................................................................................51
Android.mk ..........................................................................................................................................................52
Application.mk .....................................................................................................................................................63
Using the NDK-Build Script .........................................................................................................64
Troubleshooting Build System Problems .....................................................................................65
Summary .....................................................................................................................................66
Contents ix

■ Chapter 3: Communicating with Native Code using JNI ..................................................67
What is JNI? ................................................................................................................................67
Starting with an Example ............................................................................................................67
Declaration of Native Methods ............................................................................................................................68
Loading the Shared Libraries ...............................................................................................................................69
Implementing the Native Methods .......................................................................................................................69
Data Types ...................................................................................................................................75
Primitive Types ....................................................................................................................................................75
Reference Types ..................................................................................................................................................76
Operations on Reference Types ...................................................................................................77
String Operations .................................................................................................................................................77
Array Operations ..................................................................................................................................................78
NIO Operations .....................................................................................................................................................80
Accessing Fields ..................................................................................................................................................81
Calling Methods ...................................................................................................................................................82
Field and Method Descriptors ..............................................................................................................................84
Exception Handling ......................................................................................................................88
Catching Exceptions ............................................................................................................................................88
Throwing Exceptions ...........................................................................................................................................89
Local and Global References .......................................................................................................89
Local References .................................................................................................................................................90
Global References ................................................................................................................................................90
Weak Global References ......................................................................................................................................91
Threading ....................................................................................................................................92
Synchronization ...................................................................................................................................................92
Native Threads .....................................................................................................................................................93
Summary .....................................................................................................................................93
■ Chapter 4: Auto-Generate JNI Code Using SWIG ..............................................................95
What is SWIG? .............................................................................................................................95
Installation ...................................................................................................................................96
x Contents
Installing on Windows ..........................................................................................................................................96
Installing on Mac OS X .........................................................................................................................................98
Installing on Ubuntu Linux ...................................................................................................................................99
Experimenting with SWIG Through an Example ........................................................................100
Interface File ......................................................................................................................................................101
Invoking SWIG from Command Line ..................................................................................................................104
Integrating SWIG into Android Build Process .....................................................................................................105
Updating the Activity ..........................................................................................................................................107
Executing the Application ..................................................................................................................................108
Exploring Generated Code .................................................................................................................................108
Wrapping C Code .......................................................................................................................109
Global Variables .................................................................................................................................................110
Constants ...........................................................................................................................................................110
Read-Only Variables ..........................................................................................................................................111
Enumerations.....................................................................................................................................................112
Structures ..........................................................................................................................................................115
Pointers .............................................................................................................................................................117
Wrapping C++ Code ..................................................................................................................117
Pointers, References, and Values ......................................................................................................................117
Default Arguments .............................................................................................................................................118
Overloaded Functions ........................................................................................................................................119
Classes ..............................................................................................................................................................120
Exception Handling ....................................................................................................................122
Memory Management ...............................................................................................................123
Calling Java from Native Code ..................................................................................................123
Asynchronous Communication ..........................................................................................................................123
Enabling Directors .............................................................................................................................................124
Enabling RTTI .....................................................................................................................................................125
Overriding the Callback Method ........................................................................................................................125
Updating the HelloJni Activity ............................................................................................................................125
Summary ...................................................................................................................................126