Print reading for welding and fabrication

289 Pages·2011·6.575 MB·English

by  Corgan, Kevin

Print Reading
For Welding and Fabrication
Kevin Corgan
Southwestern Illinois College
Prentice Hall
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Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook
appear on the appropriate page within the text. Unless otherwise stated, all figures and tables have been
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Corgan, K. (Kevin)
Print reading : for welding and fabrication / K. Corgan. — 1e.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-502817-9 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-13-502817-5 (alk. paper)
1. Blueprints. 2. Welding joints—Drawings. 3. Welding—Drawings. 4. Machinery—Drawings. I. Title.
T379.C66 2011
604.2’5—dc22
2009044133
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN 10: 0-13-502817-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-13-502817-9
CONTENTS
PREFACE v
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO PRINT READING 1
CHAPTER 2
TYPES OF LINES 16
CHAPTER 3
BASIC DRAWING VIEWS 28
CHAPTER 4
DIMENSIONS 43
CHAPTER 5
NOTES AND SPECIFICATIONS 58
CHAPTER 6
MATERIALS 72
CHAPTER 7
WELD JOINTS 103
CHAPTER 8
WELD TYPES 119
CHAPTER 9
INTRODUCTION TO WELDING SYMBOLS 135
CHAPTER 10
ADVANCED WELDING SYMBOLS 149
iii
CHAPTER 11
ADDITIONAL VIEWS 177
CHAPTER 12
DRAWING STANDARDS 190
CHAPTER 13
ADDITIONAL DRAWING CONCEPTS 208
CHAPTER 14
REVIEW EXERCISES 230
APPENDIX A
ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND LETTER DESIGNATIONS 253
APPENDIX B
COMMON FRACTION, DECIMAL FRACTION, AND MILLIMETER
CONVERSIONS 261
APPENDIX C
MILLIMETER, DECIMAL FRACTION, AND COMMON FRACTION
CONVERSIONS 262
APPENDIX D
FRACTION AND DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS 263
APPENDIX E
WELDED AND SEAMLESS WROUGHT STEEL PIPE SIZE
CHART FOR SELECTED PIPE SIZES 264
APPENDIX F
ASME Y14.5 AND ISO SYMBOL COMPARISON CHART 266
APPENDIX G
MASTER CHART OF WELDING AND JOINING PROCESSES 268
APPENDIX H
AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY WELDING SYMBOL CHART 270
GLOSSARY 273
INDEX 279
iv Contents
PREFACE
One of the most important skills welders and fabricators can have is being able
to build something correctly from reading the design requirements shown on a
drawing. My goal in writing this book is to provide an easy-to-understand and
logical path for students to learn to read and understand drawings that are
typically found in the welding and fabrication industry. This book is intended
for use at high schools, vocational schools, trade schools, and colleges, as well
as by those doing independent study.
There are thirteen chapters that contain objectives, key terms, end-of-
chapter exercises, and a mathematics supplement. Afourteenth chapter consists
of a number of comprehensive review exercises. The mathematics supplement
at the end of each chapter breaks the math skills necessary for interpreting
prints into smaller, easy to digest segments of information, which also allows
each institution to determine and use only the mathematics supplements that
are necessary for its individual program. Emphasis is provided on developing
students’ awareness of the codes, standards, and other industrial practices they
may encounter throughout their career. Concepts and terminology from the
American Welding Society (AWS) and the American Society of Mechanical
Engineers (ASME) are used throughout the text.
Numerous appendixes provide acronyms and abbreviations, conversion
tables, a selected pipe size chart, an ASME Y14.5 to International Organization
for Standardization (ISO) symbol comparison chart, an AWS master chart of
welding and allied processes, and the American Welding Society welding
symbol chart. Aglossary defines key terms used throughout the text.
In addition to the text, there is a Companion Website (www.pearsonhighered.
com/corgan), which features some of the prints from the text for further study.
For the instructor, there is an Instructor’s Manual and PowerPoint slides. To
access supplementary materials online, instructors need to request an instructor
access code. Go to www.pearsonhighered.com/irc, where you can register for an
instructor access code. Within 48 hours after registering, you will receive a
confirming e-mail, including an instructor access code. Once you have received
your code, go to the site and log on for full instructions on downloading the
materials you wish to use.
I would like to thank the following reviewers of this text for their time and
insight: Steven K. Davis, Mt. Hood Community College; Warren Donworth,
Ph.D., Austin Community College; Charlie Herberg, South Seattle Community
College; Edward L. Roadarmel, Pennsylvania College of Technology; Richard J.
Rowe, Johnson County Community College; Kevin Schaaf, Pandjiris, Inc.; and
Larry Schaaf, Southwestern Illinois College.
v
It is my hope that this book will provide instructors with a logical format
fortheirprintreadingcourse,andthatitwillprovidestudentswithaneasy-to-
use and easy-to-understand guide to reading prints and achieving their goals.
Kevin Corgan
Southwestern Illinois College
vi Preface
C H A P T E R
1
Introduction to
Print Reading
OBJECTIVES
• Understand and explain who uses drawings and why
• Understand the use of the terms drawings, blueprints, and prints
• Be able to identify the parts of a drawing
• Locate areas of a drawing by using drawing zones
• Be able to identify different types of engineering drawings
KEY TERMS
Print Drawing sheet Mono-detail drawing
Blueprint Title block Multi-detail drawing
Blueline print Bill of material Assembly drawing
Whiteprint Balloon Inseparable assembly drawing
Computer-aided drafting Zoning coordinate system Top drawing
(CAD) Detail drawing Main assembly drawing
OVERVIEW
Drawingsaremadebyengineers,designers,drafters,andotherstocommunicate
how things are to be fabricated, manufactured, or constructed. Some of the
drawingsareveryspecificandshowalotofdetail,whileothersshowverylittle
detail.Adrawing,oracopyofadrawingcalledaprint,maybeusedbyanumber
ofdifferentoccupationsbythetimethedesignisfabricatedormanufactured.For
example,engineers,designers,andcompanyownersreviewthedesignsmadeon
drawingsandcopiedontoprintstoensurethedesignmeetstherequirementsof
theproject.Estimatorsandpurchasingagentsreviewprintsforcostingpurposes.
Weld shop and construction supervisors, lead workers, welders, machinists,
carpenters,andelectriciansallreadanduseprintstounderstandhowtoproperly
manufactureorconstructthepartofthedesigntheyarerequiredtocomplete.
1
HISTORY
Historically, engineering drawings were made by hand and then blueprint or
bluelinecopiesweremadeanddistributedtothosewhoneededthem.Theterm
blueprintcomesfromatypeofengineeringdrawingcopywherethebackground
is blue and the design is shown in white. A blueline print, also called a
whiteprint,isacopyofadrawingwherethebackgroundiswhiteandthedesign
isblue.Bothblueprintsandbluelineprintswerewidelyusedinthepastbuthave
sincebeenreplacedinmostapplicationsbymodernprintingmethods.Today,the
term blueprint is typically used to refer to a design or a copy of a design. With
the invention of computers and the ability to develop programs for specific
purposes, engineers developed software programs specifically for drawing
engineering and architectural designs. This type of software is called computer-
aided drafting (CAD). In today’s engineering field, CAD systems have become
the standard method for making drawings. The drawing designs can then be
printed out by using a standard printer, a large-format printer, or a plotter
attachedtothecomputer.Theprintsthataremadefromanyofthesemethodsare
typically white with black lines, just like any other standard copy or printout
from a copy machine or computer printer. Figure 1-1 shows a typical blackline
printgeneratedfromaCADsystem.
ELEMENTS OF A DRAWING
Engineering drawings are made on a drawing sheet that includes an outline
around the perimeter of the sheet, a title block, and (when required) a bill of
material area. Figure 1-2 shows a drawing sheet that includes an outline and a
basictitleblock.Figure1-3(shownonpage5)isadrawingsheetthatincludesa
more detailed title block, revision block, and bill of material. A numbered
balloon with an arrow shown in blue points to each specific item of the
drawing that corresponds to a description shown on pages 2 and 6. The
information listed and the arrangement of the information listed within title
blocks, bills of material, and revision blocks can vary from company to
company and from project to project.
The numbered items shown in Figure 1-3are described in detail below.
1. Drawing perimeter: Sets the outline for the drawing.
2. Company name: The name of the company who owns the drawing is
placed here.
3. Title: This is the title (name) of the drawing.
4. Drawing number: Each drawing should have its own unique number.
The particular numbering system used will be unique to each individual
company.
5. Revision number (current drawing): This is where the revision number that
corresponds to the current drawing is located. When a drawing is revised,
it is given a revision number so that the revision can be tracked properly.
When reading a drawing, make sure that you are reading the version that
applies to your requirements.
6. Sheet number: Some drawing numbering systems have a drawing number
or project number that is used for all of the drawings within the design
set. They will then have different sheet numbers that go along with the
project number for each drawing sheet.
2 CHAPTER 1
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Figure 1-1 Typical Print
3