Principles of Bioseparations Engineering

6.98 MB·English

by  Raja Ghosh

Contents Page: xi
Preface Page: ix
1. Overview of bioseparations engineering Page: 1
1.1. Introduction Page: 1
1.2. What is separated in bioseparation? Page: 2
1.3. Economic importance of bioseparation Page: 3
1.4. Nature of bioseparation Page: 4
1.5. Basis of separation in bioseparation processes Page: 5
1.6. Physical forms separated in bioseparation Page: 6
1.7. Bioseparation techniques Page: 8
1.8. The RIPP scheme Page: 9
1.9. Example of bioseparation Page: 10
1.10. Current trends in the bioseparation Page: 10
2. Properties of biological material Page: 13
2.1. Introduction Page: 13
2.2. Size Page: 13
2.3. Molecular weight Page: 17
2.4. Diffusivity Page: 19
2.5. Sedimentation coefficient Page: 20
2.6. Osmotic pressure Page: 21
2.7. Electrostatic charge Page: 22
2.8. Solubility Page: 23
2.9. Partition coefficient Page: 24
2.10. Light absorption Page: 24
2.11. Fluorescence Page: 25
3. Mass transfer Page: 29
3.1. Introduction Page: 29
3.2. Molecular diffusion in liquid medium Page: 30
3.3. Measurement of diffusivity Page: 32
3.4. Estimation of diffusivity Page: 33
3.5. Diffusion of solutes in dense solid Page: 35
3.6. Diffusion of solutes in porous solid Page: 35
3.7. Convective mass transfer Page: 37
3.8. Experimental determination of mass transfer coefficient Page: 40
3.9. Estimation of mass transfer coefficient Page: 41
3.10. Inter-phase mass transfer Page: 42
3.11. Unsteady state mass transfer Page: 42
3.12. Equilibrium and rate processes Page: 45
4. Cell disruption Page: 49
4.1. Introduction Page: 49
4.2. Cells Page: 49
4.3. Cell disruption using bead mill Page: 53
4.4. Cell disruption using rotor-stator mill Page: 56
4.5. Cell disruption using French press Page: 56
4.6. Cell disruption using ultrasonic vibrations Page: 58
4.7. Cell disruption using detergents Page: 61
4.8. Cell disruption using enzymes Page: 61
4.9. Cell disruption using organic solvents Page: 62
4.10. Cell disruption by osmotic shock Page: 62
5. Precipitation Page: 65
5.1. Introduction Page: 65
5.2. Factors utilized for precipitation Page: 66
5.3. Precipitation using organic solvents Page: 69
5.4. Precipitation using anti-chaotropic salts Page: 72
5.5. Mechanism of precipitate formation Page: 74
6. Centrifugation Page: 79
6.1. Introduction Page: 79
6.2. Laboratory centrifuge Page: 80
6.3. Preparative centrifuge Page: 83
6.4. Ultracentrifugation Page: 87
7. Extraction Page: 89
7.1. Introduction Page: 89
7.2. Solvent systems Page: 89
7.3. Theory of extraction Page: 90
7.4. Aqueous two-phase extraction Page: 93
7.5. Batch extraction Page: 95
7.6. Single-stage continuous extraction using immiscible solvents Page: 99
7.7. Batch extraction using partially miscible solvents Page: 102
7.8. Cross-current continuous extraction using immiscible solvents Page: 103
7.9. Staged counter-current extraction Page: 104
7.10. Differential extraction Page: 109
7.11. Supercritical fluid extraction Page: 113
8. Adsorption Page: 121
8.1. Introduction Page: 121
8.2. Adsorbents Page: 122
8.3. Separation mechanisms Page: 123
8.4. Adsorption isotherms Page: 132
8.5. Diffusional limitations in adsorption processes Page: 135
8.6. Batch adsorption Page: 136
8.7. Packed bed adsorption Page: 140
8.8. Other types of adsorption devices Page: 147
9. Chromatography Page: 151
9.1. Introduction Page: 151
9.2. Chromatography system Page: 152
9.3. Theory of chromatography Page: 158
9.4. Shape and yield of a chromatographic peak Page: 167
9.5. Binary chromatography Page: 173
9.6. Hydrodynamic chromatography Page: 176
10. Filtration Page: 181
10.1. Introduction Page: 181
10.2. Theory of filtration Page: 181
10.3. Filter medium Page: 183
10.4. Driving force Page: 183
10.5. Constant pressure cake filtration Page: 184
10.6. Constant rate cake filtration Page: 190
10.7. Improvement of filtration efficiency Page: 191
10.8. Mode of operation Page: 192
10.9. Filtration equipment Page: 194
11. Membrane based bioseparation Page: 199
11.1. Introduction Page: 199
11.2. Classification of membrane processes Page: 205
11.3. Membrane equipment Page: 206
11.4. Ultrafiltration Page: 211
11.5. Microfiltration Page: 232
11.6. Dialysis Page: 235
11.7. Liquid membrane processes Page: 240
11.8. Membrane chromatography Page: 242
12. Miscellaneous bioseparation processes Page: 251
12.1. Introduction Page: 251
12.2. Electrophoresis Page: 251
12.3. Affinity ultrafiltration Page: 255
12.4. Field-flow fractionation Page: 255
Index Page: 257