Principles of Ad-hoc Networking

277 Pages·2007·1.4 MB·English

by  Michel Barbeau

Principles of
Ad Hoc Networking

Principles of
Ad Hoc Networking
Michel Barbeau and Evangelos Kranakis
Carleton University, Canada
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Contents
Preface xi
Glossary xvii
1 Wireless Data Communications 1
1.1 Signal representation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Analog to digital conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.3 Digital to analog conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Architecture of an SDR application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.5 Quadrature modulation and demodulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.6 Spread spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.7 Antenna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.8 Propagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.9 Ultrawideband. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.10 Energy management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.11 Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2 Medium Access Control 29
2.1 Fundamentals of probability and statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1.1 General concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
2.1.2 Random variables and distributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.1.3 Counting processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.2 Modeling traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2.1 Delay models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2.2 Queuing models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2.3 Birth–death processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2.4 M/M/1/∞ queuing system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.2.5 M/M/m/∞ queue: m servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.2.6 Queues for channel allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.2.7 Queues with reserved channels for handoffs . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2.3 Multiple access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2.3.1 Uncoordinated access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.3.2 Contention-based access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.4 Demand assigned multiple access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.4.1 Bit-map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50