Practical Virtualization Solutions: Virtualization from the Trenches

334 Pages·2009·13.143 MB·English

by  Kenneth Hess, Amy Newman

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From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff
Practical
Virtualization
Solutions
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From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff
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From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff
N E G U S S O F T WA R E S O L U T I O N S S E R I E S
Practical
Virtualization
Solutions
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Virtualization from
the Trenches
Kenneth Hess and Amy Newman
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data:
Cover Designer
Hess, Kenneth, 1961- Alan Clements
Practical virtualization solutions : virtualization from the trenches / Kenneth Hess, Compositor
Amy Newman. — 1st ed. Jake McFarland
p. cm.
ISBN 978-0-13-714297-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Virtual computer systems. 2. Virtual computer systems—Manage- ptg
ment. I. Newman, Amy, 1971- II. Title.
QA76.9.V5H47 2009
005.4’3—dc22
2009029966
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
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ISBN-13: 978-0-137-14297-2
ISBN-10: 0-137-14297-8
Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at R.R. Donnelley in Crawfordsville, Indiana.
First printing October 2009
From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff
For Melissa, Connor, Walker, and Maria
and ptg
For Eric, Jakob, and Rebecca
From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff
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From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff
Contents
Foreword. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
About the Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxi
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Part I Virtualization Basics and Technology Choices . . . . . . . . . 1
Chapter 1 To Virtualize or Not to Virtualize?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
A Virtual History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Virtualization Explained . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Virtualization Workload Candidates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Consolidating Web Services with VMs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Mean Time to Restore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Aging Infrastructure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Infrastructure That Is Out of Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Underutilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Economy of Virtualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Practical Aspects of Virtualization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Minimizing Hardware Costs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Providing Disaster Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Consolidating Idle Workloads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Balancing Loads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Software Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
vii
From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff
viii Contents
Centralized Server Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Power Conservation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Faster Server Deployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Service Commoditization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Chapter 2 Comparing Virtualization Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Guest OS/Host OS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
VMware Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Sun xVM (VirtualBox). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Hypervisor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Citrix Xen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
VMware ESX/VMware ESXi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Microsoft Hyper-V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Emulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Bochs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
QEMU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Microsoft Virtual PC and Virtual Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
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Kernel-Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
KVM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
User-Mode Linux . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Shared Kernel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Solaris Containers (Zones). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
OpenVZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
In the Virtual Trenches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Chapter 3 VMware Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
The VMware Server Console. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Customizing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Virtual Machine Files and Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
File and Folder Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
File Names and Roles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
VMware Server in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff
Contents ix
Chapter 4 VMware ESXi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
The Virtual Infrastructure Client Console. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Customizing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Virtual Machine Files and Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
File and Folder Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
File Names and Roles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
VMware ESXi in the Real World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Chapter 5 Citrix XenServer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
XenServer, the Hypervisor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
XenCenter—The Xen Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Customizing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Virtual Machine Files and Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Resource Pools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Virtual Machine Templates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
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Converting a VM to a Template . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Installing a New VM from the Template. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
XenServer in the Real World. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Chapter 6 Microsoft Virtual PC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
The VPC Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Customizing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Virtual Machine Files and Folders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
File and Folder Security. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
File Names and Roles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Chapter 7 Microsoft Hyper-V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
The Console . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Creating Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Customizing Virtual Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
From the Library of Lee Bogdanoff