Table Of Content

Practical Skills in Biomolecular Sciences A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 1 16/11/2021 01:21 At Pearson, we have a simple mission: to help people make more of their lives through learning. We combine innovative learning technology with trusted content and educational expertise to provide engaging and effective learning experiences that serve people wherever and whenever they are learning. From classroom to boardroom, our curriculum materials, digital learning tools and testing programmes help to educate millions of people worldwide – more than any other private enterprise. Every day our work helps learning flourish, and wherever learning flourishes, so do people. To learn more, please visit us at www.pearson.com/uk A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 2 16/11/2021 01:21 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Sciences Sixth edition Rob Reed David Holmes Jonathan Weyers Allan Jones Harlow, England • London • New York • Boston • San Francisco • Toronto • Sydney • Dubai • Singapore • Hong Kong Tokyo • Seoul • Taipei • New Delhi • Cape Town • São Paulo • Mexico City • Madrid • Amsterdam • Munich • Paris • Milan A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 3 16/11/2021 01:21 PEARSON EDUCATION LIMITED KAO Two KAO Park Harlow CM17 9NA United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)1279 623623 Web: www.pearson.com/uk First published 1998 by Addison Wesley Longman Limited (print) Second edition 2003 (print) Third edition 2007 (print) Fourth edition 2013 (print and electronic) Fifth edition published 2016 (print and electronic) Sixth edition published 2022 (print and electronic) © Addison Wesley Longman Limited 1998 (print) © Pearson Education Limited 2003, 2007 (print) © Pearson Education Limited 2013, 2016, 2022 (print and electronic) The rights of Robert H. Reed, David Holmes, Jonathan D.B Weyers and Allan M. Jones to be identified as authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. The print publication is protected by copyright. Prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, distribution or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, permission should be obtained from the publisher or, where applicable, a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom should be obtained from the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Barnard’s Inn, 86 Fetter Lane, London EC4A 1EN. The ePublication is protected by copyright and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased, or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the authors’ and the publisher’s rights and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence (OGL) v3.0. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/. The screenshots in this book are reprinted by permission of Microsoft Corporation. Pearson Education is not responsible for the content of third-party internet sites. ISBN: 978-1-292-39708-5 (print) 978-1-292-39709-2 (PDF) 978-1-292-39710-8 (ePub) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for the print edition is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 26 25 24 23 22 Cover image: Sebastian Condrea/Getty Images; Rodolfo Parulan Jr/Getty Images; CNRI/SPL/ Getty Images; Andrew Brookes/Getty Images; xsense/Shutterstock Cover design by Design Deluxe Print edition typeset in Times NR MT Pro 10/12 by Straive Printed in Slovakia by Neografia A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 4 16/11/2021 01:21 Contents Preface to the 6th edition ix List of abbreviations x Study strategies 1 1. Developing your skills 3 2. Self-management 7 3. Learning eff ectively 16 4. Making the most of learning resources 26 5. Locating and citing published information 35 6. Evaluating information 41 7. Working with others 49 8. Mapping your personal development 54 Assessment skills 61 9. Succeeding in assessments 63 10. Scientifi c writing 68 11. Writing essays 76 12. Reporting practical and project work 80 13. Tackling literature surveys and reviews 88 14. Presenting written assignments 91 15. Preparing a poster 96 16. Giving a spoken presentation 101 17. Revision strategies 107 18. Improving your performance in exams 111 Fundamental laboratory techniques 121 19. Preparing for practical work 123 20. Working safely in the lab 127 21. Basic laboratory skills 132 22. Measuring and dispensing liquids 142 23. Preparing solutions – principles and practice 151 24. Measuring and maintaining pH 161 25. Understanding microscopy 170 26. Setting up and using a light microscope 175 The investigative approach 185 27. Making measurements 187 28. Understanding SI units and their use 192 29. Designing experiments 197 30. Understanding bioethics 207 v A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 5 16/11/2021 01:21 Contents 31. Recording data and images 214 32. Tackling project work and placements 223 Working with microbes, cells and tissues 233 33. Learning sterile technique 235 34. Culturing cells and measuring growth 241 35. Collecting and isolating microbes 252 36. Identifying microbes 257 37. Naming microbes and other organisms 264 38. Working with bacteria 269 39. Working with eukaryotic microbes: fungi and protists 276 40. Working with viruses 284 41. Working with animal and plant tissues and cells 294 42. Homogenising and fractionating cells and tissues 304 Analytical techniques 311 43. Understanding calibration and quantitative analysis 313 44. Centrifugation techniques 319 45. Measuring light 326 46. Carrying out basic spectroscopy and spectrometry 331 47. Using advanced spectroscopy and spectrometry 340 48. Separating compounds using chromatography 347 49. Detecting and analysing compounds after chromatography 358 50. Methods of electrophoresis 364 51. Advanced electrophoretic techniques 375 52. Electroanalytical techniques 381 53. Using immunological methods 392 54. Using radioisotopes 402 55. Analysing stable isotopes 412 Assaying biomolecules and studying metabolism 417 56. Analysing biomolecules 419 57. Assaying amino acids, peptides and proteins 423 58. Assaying lipids 432 59. Assaying carbohydrates 439 60. Assaying nucleic acids and nucleotides 445 61. Protein purification 451 62. Studying enzymes 459 63. Measuring membrane transport 471 64. Quantifying photosynthesis and respiration 480 Genetics and molecular biology 491 65. Studying Mendelian and population genetics 493 66. Studying bacterial and phage genetics 502 67. Understanding molecular genetics – fundamental principles 512 vi A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 6 16/11/2021 01:21 Contents 68. Using the polymerase chain reaction in molecular genetics 524 69. Genetic manipulation techniques 531 70. Applying bioinformatics 538 Analysing and presenting data 545 71. Manipulating and transforming raw data 547 72. Analysing data with spreadsheets 553 73. Summarising data in tables 561 74. Illustrating data in graphs 566 75. Solving numerical problems 579 76. Using descriptive statistics 590 77. Selecting and interpreting statistical tests 601 Appendix 1 615 Publisher’s acknowledgements 618 Index 620 Companion Website ON THE For open-access student resources specifi cally written WEBSITE to complement this textbook and support your learning, please visit go.pearson.com/uk/he/resources Lecturer Resources For password-protected online resources tailored to support the use of this textbook in teaching, please visit go.pearson.com/uk/he/resources vii A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 7 16/11/2021 01:21 A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 8 16/11/2021 01:21 th Preface to the 6 edition The primary aim of this revision of Practical Skills in Biomolecular changes cannot alter the fundamental fact that subjects such as Sciences was to update the text, but we also wished to respond biochemistry, biomedical sciences, genetics, microbiology and to the helpful comments of several anonymous reviewers of molecular biology are practical in nature, where students learn the 5t h edition, and in so doing, to reorganise the chapters and most eff ectively through ‘hands-on’ experience in the lab and include signifi cant new material. The main structural changes the fi eld. We hope that this book will help students to prepare we have made are to (1) reorder and rewrite several chapters better for practicals, projects, lectures, seminars, examinations in the fi rst two sections; (2) add three new chapters on working and assignments, to gain greater enjoyment from taking part in with bacteria, eukaryotic microbes and viruses; and (3) revise them and to learn more about the nature of living systems at the material on use of software and online sources, to refl ect the cellular and molecular level. the greater level of knowledge and experience of today’s The book is divided into several sections: students. In terms of the text itself, we have sought to use more ● Chapters 1 – 8 cover general skills , including self- positive phrasing throughout, to emphasise the active nature of management and personal development; how to learn; learning in this discipline. Some details of further changes and teamwork; and how to locate, evaluate and cite sources. additions are listed on the back cover. The text references and ● Chapters 9 – 18 deal with assessment, including written sources for further study have been updated, while the popular assignments; practicals and projects; oral and poster study exercises have been retained. presentations; revision and examinations. We thank everyone who helped us with earlier editions, and ● Chapters 19 – 70 cover a broad range of specific practical for this one acknowledge in particular the assistance of Professor skills and analytical techniques , ranging from basic Gary Black, for feedback on the chapters dealing with molecular laboratory procedures to more advanced techniques. genetics, Jill Muller of CQUniversity in helping to revise the ● Chapters 71 – 77 explain data analysis and presentation, material on fi nding and citing sources, Lou Attwood for her ranging from the presentation of results as graphs or tables work in copy editing the text, and Indrasena Mukhopadhyay through to the application of statistical tests, with worked and Nikhil Kumar in coordinating the production of the text examples. and images, together with other staff who were involved in ● Study exercises and problems are provided for each chapter. the book’s production. We also recognise Rufus Curnow for They enable you to check your understanding and to practice his enduring support of all of the Practical Skills titles. Although key calculations, either on your own, under the guidance this revision has largely been the work of two of the original of a tutor, or working with other students. Numerical and authors (RHR and JDBW), we thank Allan Jones and Dave text-based answers are provided at the book’s website at: Holmes for their contributions to the P ractical Skills series go.pearson.com/uk/he/resources. throughout the years. Finally, we thank staff at all institutions who have adopted this text. Practical education across the life Rob Reed and Jonathan Weyers sciences has come under increasing pressure in recent years, April 2021 with diminishing resources and timetabling allocation. Yet such ( [email protected] ; [email protected] ;) ix A01 Practical Skills in Biomolecular Science 97085.indd 9 16/11/2021 01:21