Practical Quantum Mechanics PDF
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Classics in Mathematics Siegfried FlUgge Practical Quantum Mechanics Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Hong Kong London Milan Paris Singapore Tokyo Siegfried Fliigge was born on March 16,1912 in Dresden. He studied physics in Dresden, Frank furt, and Gottingen, where he completed his doctorate in 1933 under the supervision of Max Born. After holding positions at the universities of Frankfurt and Leipzig, he worked in Berlin as a theorist-in-residence with Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner. Here he witnessed the historical moment of nuclear fission and took an active part in its interpretation. In 1944 Fliigge became professor in Konigsberg. He taught in Gottingen from 1945 to 1947 when he accepted a chair in theoretical physics in Marburg. Finally, in 1961, he followed a call to Freiburg where he taught until his retirement in 1977-He died in December 1997. Fliigge worked primarily in theoretical nuclear physics, but he also published widely in quantum physics, astrophysics, and other areas. His numer ous textbooks served as standard references to generations of students. He also single-handedly edited the monumental Encyclopedia of Physics. Siegfried Flugge Practical Quantum Mechanics Reprint of the 1994 Edition Springer Originally published as Vol. 177 and 178 of the Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): Primary 81-01, 81-02, 81A06, 81AlO, 81A63, 81A69, 81A75, 81A81; Secondary 34E20, 35JI0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fliigge, Siegfried. (Recherunethoden der Quantentheorie. Eng1ish] Practical quantum mechanics I Siegfried Fliigge. --2nd print 1994 p. em. --(Classics in mathematics) Includes index. ISBN 3540650350 (soft: alk. paper) 1. Quantum theory. 2. Mathematical physics. I. Title. II. Series. QC174. 12. F5813 1999 530.12--ddal Photograph of Siegfried Flfigge by kind permission of Gertrud Farber ISSN 1431-0821 ISBN-13: 978-3-540-65035-5 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-61995-3 DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-61995-3 This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. C Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1999 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. SPIN 10684602 4113143-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper Siegfried Flugge Practical Quantum Mechanics With 78 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Prof. Dr. Siegfried Flugge Fakultat fiir Physik der Universitat Freiburg i. Br. The first English edition of this book has been published in two volumes as: Die Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften, Band 177 and 178 AMS Subject Classification (1970) Primary 81-01, 81-02, 81 A 06,81 A 10, 81 A 63,81 A 69,81 A 75,81 A 81 Secondary 34 E 20, 35 J 10 Second Printing 1994 ISBN 3-540-07050-8 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York ISBN 0-387-07050-8 Springer-Verlag New York Heidelberg Berlin Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 70-140508 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1971 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and there fore free for general use. SPIN: 10470346 4113140 -5 4 3 2 1 0 - Printed on acid-free paper Preface This work was first published in 1947 in German under the title "Re chenmethoden der Quantentheorie". It was meant to serve a double purpose: to help both, the student when first confronted with quantum mechanics and the experimental scientist, who has never before used it as a tool, to learn how to apply the general theory to practical problems of atomic physics. Since that early date, many excellent books have been written introducing into the general framework of the theory and thus indispensable to a deeper understanding. It seems, however, that the more practical side has been somewhat neglected, except, of course, for the flood of special monographs going into broad detail on rather restricted topics. In other words, an all-round introduction to the practical use of quantum mechanics seems, so far, not to exist and may still be helpful. It was in the hope of filling this gap that the author has fallen in with the publishers' wish to bring the earlier German editions up to date and to make the work more useful to the worldwide community of science students and scientists by writing the new edition in English. From the beginning there could be no doubt that the work had to be much enlarged. New approximation methods and other developments, especially in the field of scattering, had to be added. It seemed necessary to include relativistic quantum mechanics and to offer, at least, a glimpse of radiation theory as an example of wave field quantization. The choice of the problems, included in the old days in a somewhat happy go-lucky way, had now to be carefully reconsidered. Thus a total of about twice as many problems as in the last German edition has resulted. Not one of the original problems has been simply translated; not more than about fifty have only undergone reshaping from the earlier text; the bulk, however, is going to be presented here for the first time. Nevertheless, the general character has remained the same, with perhaps a slight tendency to arrive at even more applicable results and numerical values at the end of each problem. The more elementary problems, such as square-well potentials, have not been omitted but somewhat abridged. The general introduction to the German edition, some twenty o'dd pages surveying the basic equa- VI Preface tions and their meaning, has been discarded. Any student using the problems will be sufficiently well acquainted with the general framework to justify that omission. On the other hand, the extensive use of special functions made throughout the work seemed to make a mathematical appendix useful in which such formulae as occur in the problems have been collected and, in part, derived. With considerable hesitation but giving way to the publishers' practical arguments the author has consented to having this edition divided into two separate volumes, hoping that no serious damage has thus been done to the intrinsic structure and continuity of the work. To facilitate its use, the complete index for both parts has been printed twice and will appear at the end of each volume. The numbers, there fore, refer to the problems in question, not to pages. Hinterzarten, March 1971 The Author Preface to the Paperback Edition More than three years have elapsed, since this work appeared as a two-volume cloth edition. Author and publisher have been much gratified to learn how well it was received by scientists in many coun tries and how useful it proved to students of physics. To serve as a regular supplement to text books, however, it was hampered by its necessarily high price. Hence, the author has gratefully accepted the publisher's suggestion of a much less expensive one-volume Springer Study Edition; the more so, since it has always been -his wish, as al ready expressed in the former edition's preface, to see the total work re-united in one volume. To save every conceivable additional cost, no corrections or alterations have been made; an errata sheet listing trivial errors, however, has been prepared, see p. XVI. Furthermore, the original pagination has been kept unchanged which, we trust, should cause very little inconvenience. Author and publisher very much hope that a more widespread distribution of the book will thereby result and that it will meet espe cially the needs of the student. Hinterzarten, September 1974 The Author
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